Chiopsezo Social - ndi chiyani ichi? Mitundu ndi Features

chiopsezo Social - ndi lingaliro lalikulu limene likugwira ntchito pafupifupi mitundu yonse ya zochita za anthu. voliyumu yake ukuwonjezeka yolingana ndi chitukuko cha anthu ndi kusanduka ake. Zaka mazana mazana apitawo pangozi amene akanatha ndi owononga kwa anthu onse, ikukhudzana potsatira mfundo achilengedwe. Ndiye, ndi chitukuko cha chuma, malonda ndi malonda, chikhalidwe mfundo zoopsa awonjezera kwambiri pa chiwerengero.

Zina mwa zifukwa Common

Chibwenzi zikuphatikizapo Mwina layoffs ndi ulova, kuvulala ntchito ndi isanayambike kulumala, imfa ya breadwinner. Sayansi yamakono kuti amaphunzira kasamalidwe ka chikhalidwe ngozi, kuwachitira pafupifupi zinthu chilichonse chimene chingasokoneze zinachitikira pakuwonekera kwake kungasokoneze pa zachikhalidwe cha anthu, chuma ndi mkhalidwe wauzimu wa munthu, amene ankachita monga gulu osiyana a anthu.

A tanthauzo wamba

The tanthauzo sociological wa lingaliro ili limanena kuti chiopsezo chikhalidwe - chimatengedwa ndi kampani Nkosatheka chochitika, zomwe zinachitikira pakuwonekera kwake, kungachititse kuti isanayambike imfa zonse kapena tsankho la chilema anthu kapena kumenyana ndi kufunika zochepa chifukwa cha ntchito yake, zimene pamapeto kumafuna mokwanira kapena tsankho imfa ya zasungidwa, ndilo gwero la ndalama kuli zonse.

State thandizo

Pafupifupi m'mayiko onse otukuka, anavomereza mndandanda wa mavuto chikhalidwe, chitetezo isanayambike amene adzaperekedwa pa mlingo dziko. Nthawi zambiri izi ndi izi kuopsa okhudzidwa:

• mimba ndi umayi (umayi tchuthi);
• imfa ya breadwinner ya;
• isanayambike matenda;
• kuchotsedwa, kuchepetsa ku ofesi, kusowa;
• kulumala;
• pantchito (malipiro penshioni);
• amanyansidwa ntchito choipa.

Kumaiko kutukuka pa nkhani zodzitetezera pa umoyo wa anthu amaonedwa mosamala. Kudziwa kuopsa waukulu kukachitika kuti membala wa anthu a sangakwanitse zosowa zawo zauzimu ndi nkhani zonse. Social inshuwalansi chiopsezo pa nkhani ya boma imatengedwa ngati nkhani ya nkhondo kumafuna boma zina thandizo pansi boma inshuwalansi chikhalidwe.

Kuphunzira zosiyanasiyana sayansi ndi zachuma

Pakali pano, chikhalidwe ngozi izo gulu, amene ankaphunzira ndipo anafufuza osati Chaanthu. phunziro ake mwatsatanetsatane mu kuwerenga maganizo a anthu, mu pedagogy, komanso ntchito mu dera zachuma. kuopsa makamaka chikhalidwe ankaphunzira ndi ntchito makampani inshuwalansi, osati chikhalidwe ndi malonda a kuchipatala.

Boma kuopsa chikhalidwe amaonedwa monga kuopseza kuthekera, imene boma ayenera kuteteza nzika kudzera inshuwalansi chikhalidwe mokakamizidwa. Pankhani ya milandu chiopsezo chikhalidwe, boma ayenera kupereka kwa nzika wawo thandizo ndi chilimbikitso.

Mu nkhani osiyana, mfundo chiopsezo chikhalidwe imatengedwa mu Chaanthu, aphunzitsi ntchito chikhalidwe ndi ogwira ntchito zothandiza anthu. Iwo kuganizira ndi kuphunzira otchedwa chiopsezo chikhalidwe, kuchititsa ntchito njira nawo ndipo ngati n'koyenera, kukongoza awo thandizo akatswiri ndi kuthandizidwa.

Malinga zomwe dera imatengedwa maganizo "chiopsezo chikhalidwe", lili peculiarities zake ndi zinthu.

The mitundu ikuluikulu ya mavuto chikhalidwe

Malinga ndi nkhani yake, waukulu mavuto chikhalidwe angathe kugawidwa mmagawo osiyanasiyana. Malingana ngati mungathe kupereka kapena ayi, iwo anawagawa:

1. Linaneneratu - amene akhoza mwachidwi, kulosera, kupenda zisanachitike. Monga ulamuliro, mtundu uwu chiopsezo ndi zopezeka m'deralo ndi kusanthula moyenera ulaliki wawo anganeneretu (cha kuchokocha tsogolo ndi layoffs, kuchuluka ulova, mabanja vuto amene ali okha chiopsezo chikhalidwe ndi thandizo la wantchito yothandiza).
2. Zochitika - iwo amene ali chosasimbika m'mbiri ya chidzachitika mwadzidzidzi ndithu (ngozi, masoka achilengedwe). Mtundu wa chiopsezo ndi zovuta kwambiri kwa sayansi, monga mwa njira iliyonse kuchuluka kapena kulosera isanayambike ake kuli kovuta.

Musaiwale kuti chiopsezo chikhalidwe - ndi mosavuta zochitika chomwe chingabweretse ndi onse payekha limodzi ndi gulu la anthu. Malinga ochirikiza nkhani chiopsezo chikhalidwe, kungakhale umodzi kapena gulu. Mbali yoyamba, timakambirana mavuto amene akanakhoza theoretically kuchitika ndi ochiritsira, munthu wosakwatira. Ngati chachiwiri, ankaona gulu lonse la chiopsezo chikhalidwe. Iwo akudwala isanayambike mavuto otsatirawa:

1. Natural kuopsa - amene amayamba chifukwa cha kugwiritsa ntchito zochitika za zamoyo ndi chikhalidwe zopanda moyo. Zikuphatikizapo kusefukira kwa madzi, zivomezi ndi masoka ena achilengedwe, komanso katundu kapena zochita oimira zosiyanasiyana biosphere, munthu sangathe kuletsa (kanthu tizilombo, khalidwe la nyama zakutchire).
2. Social maganizo kuopsa - amene akuimira Mwina zosayembekezereka ya mavuto chifukwa cha kulankhulana lotha pa mlingo wa gulu chikhalidwe kapena munthu. Mwina kungasokoneze pa gulu lonse zachikhalidwe, ndi pa munthu.
3. anthu umoyo ndi zachuma mavuto - kuopsa kwa kuzindikira kuti zochita zawo zikhoza imautsa bungwe kapena osati wa bungwe magulu ndi mamembala awo, amene zinthu zofuna za magulu awa. Izi mitundu ya pangozi zochita odzipereka chifukwa cha zofuna dziko, makampani kulolerana. Pamene zimenezi zichitike asanamvetsetse, ndipo amaoneka ngati "zamaganizo chigulu" kapena "gulu chibadwa." Zinthu nzika za kuopsa ndi zachuma kumachititsa aliyense payekha anthu, komanso makampani osiyanasiyana, mabungwe, makampani, ndipo ngakhale boma lonse. Mwachitsanzo, zomera ndi kupanga pali chiopsezo kuti mtengo wa katundu kunja yaiwisi, amene ntchito kupanga angathe bwino. chiopsezo izi zikhoza anazindikira kukachitika kuti anafunika lamulo la boma adzakhala lalembedwa ndi akuluakulu aboma payekha. Hamani boma amachita monga nthumwi ya dongosolo lonse chikhalidwe - boma, ndipo amachita zofuna za dongosolo chikhalidwe. Pachifukwa ichi, kampani yopanga zosankha ikukhudzana bwanji ndi mavuto chikhalidwe.

kuopsa Social mu ntchito inshuwalansi

Pang'ono osiyana, koma mochepa mosamala vuto la chikhalidwe chiopsezo imatengedwa ndi kampani ya inshuwalansi. Pakali pano, bizinesi inshuwalansi mmodzi wa bwino kwambiri, chifukwa kufunika kwa ntchito inshuwalansi konse kugwa. Makampani a inshuwalansi kupereka anthu awiri ndi mabungwe lonse, kwa odzichepetsa zingati pamwezi kudziteteza ku mwambo pakutchulidwa mmodzi wa mitundu ya chiopsezo chikhalidwe. Mtengo wa inshuwalansi chikhalidwe ndi kuchuluka kwa malipiro ngati chochitika inshuwaransi kuchita masamu pa maziko a munthu amene vuto ndi chinthu choopsya chikhalidwe ndi nkhani zomwe Mwina pakuwonekera kwake, monga theoretically kupatukana pafupipafupi mkulu wa zosayembekezereka ya chiopsezo chikhalidwe ndi momwe izo ziriri zodziwikiratu.

The inshuwalansi wotchuka kwambiri kuti adziteteze poopa chikhalidwe

Tikawerenga za kuopsa chikhalidwe omwe amapezeka ndi oopsa nadzawasankhula anthu payekha, makampani ambiri inshuwalansi kupereka anthu inshuwalansi ndondomeko kuti kuteteza anthu awa mavuto okhudzidwa:

• imfa ya breadwinner ndi, matenda ake ndiponso kulephera ntchito chifukwa chisamaliro zofunika iye;
• ulova;
• kuvulala ntchito;
• matenda aakulu ndi matenda, chimene chayambitsa ndi zinthu akatswiri;
• kulumala;
• chithandizo (mu nkhani iyi, malipiro inshuwalansi si zomwe zili munthu wodwala nthawi imene anataya mphamvu pa ntchito, ndi kulipira chithandizo, mankhwala);
• nthawi imene munthu, zifukwa kupitirira iye, wotaya luso kulandira ndalama.

Vuto la mavuto chikhalidwe mu Chaanthu, waukulu chiopsezo gulu

Komanso, mfundo chiopsezo chikhalidwe pa nkhani yeniyeni ndemanga mwatsatanetsatane ndi kusanthula sayansi monga Chaanthu, ngati chinthu chachikulu cha phunziro ake ndi anthu ndi njira zonse zikuchitika mu izo. Sociology chimasiyanitsa achilendo anthu okhudzidwa chikhalidwe amene makhalidwe kapena zochita n'koopsa chifukwa munthu wabwinobwino zonse za anthu.

Anthu amene asunga kukula kwa kupatulana chikhalidwe, kuphwanya dongosolo la anatengera chikhalidwe, kuchepetsa zinthu chikhalidwe ndi kusintha kwa mitundu ya mogwirizana chikhalidwe ndi anthu ena okhudzidwa ndi n'chinthu chofunikira ngati anthu okhudzidwa chikhalidwe. Nthawi zambiri zinthu monga:

• osokoneza;
• zidakwa;
• anthu amene adakhala amodzi.

Categories anthu ankachitira ndi ogwira ntchito zothandiza anthu ngati amene ali ndi kuthekera kwa hule zochita zawo poopa chikhalidwe. Ndicho chifukwa chake gulu la anthu tikulimbikitsidwa kuchititsa mokwanira ntchito njira.

Kuopseza chiopsezo cha banja monga gulu osiyana chikhalidwe

Banja mu Chaanthu, mmodzi wa zinthu zazikulu za phunziro, monga m'njira zambiri, ndiyo kukhulupirika kwa kampani, maganizo ake ndi chinsinsi chitukuko mtsogolo zonse. chidwi chapadera ogwira ntchito zothandiza anthu kuitanira banja, amene muli ana, chifukwa iwo akudwala kwambiri pa nthawi imene banja anapanga chiopsezo chikhalidwe.

M'nkhaniyi, amaona ngati chochitika Nkosatheka, zomwe zinachitikira pakuwonekera kwake angathe kuwononga umphumphu wa banja, ndipo zimakhudza maganizo pa makhalidwe a anthu akuluakulu kukhala ndi kuchepetsa kapena kuchepetsa lathunthu la bajeti okwana banja, chifukwa, zosowa yaikulu ya mwana angakhale wosakhutitsidwa.

Kufanizitsa mabanja pangozi chikhalidwe

Mabanja ndi Mwina mkulu wa zosayembekezereka ya chiopsezo zachikhalidwe akuphatikizapo amene pa zifukwa zosiyanasiyana pali mavuto m'moyo, ndipo akusowa thandizo boma ndi thandizo la ogwira ntchito zothandiza anthu. Njirazi ndi monga:

• mabanja ndi ana ambiri;
• othawa ndipo osamukira mabanja;
• mabanja amene amadalira makonzedwe a anthu olumala;
• mabanja a kholo limodzi;
• mabanja amene amapeza ndalama zochepa.

ana chiopsezo chikhalidwe

Kutsindika pa aphunzitsi ndi ogwira ntchito zothandiza anthu akusowa ana a mabanja amenewa, chifukwa iwo ali gulu la ana chiopsezo chikhalidwe. M'malo mwake, tikhoza kulankhula za ziwiri mitundu ya chiopsezo:

• Mbali yoyamba, ana awa akhoza ankaona ngati kuopseza kuthekera kwa anthu, chifukwa sachedwa doviantnomu khalidwe ndi kukhala bwino ankacheza;
• Ngati chachiwiri, pa mwake, ana awa amaonedwa kukhala amene okha poyera pangozi okhudzidwa: chiopsezo matenda, amalephera kupeza zinthu zofunika pamoyo; kusowa kwa amoyo ndi chuma zinthu zachilendo kwa chitukuko zonse ndi moyo.

aphunzitsi ndi ogwira ntchito zothandiza anthu kugonjetsa mavuto chikhalidwe

Bungwe lililonse bwino mfundo monga "chiopsezo chikhalidwe ndi maphunziro." M'nkhani ya pedagogic, alinso ndi makhalidwe komanso tinganene kuti m'njira ziwiri:

• kuopsa mphunzitsi amene ali ndi chikoka pedagogical;
• ophunzira chiopsezo amene ongoyendayenda mphunzitsi.

Mu nkhani ya mavuto a ana ku gulu chiopsezo chikhalidwe, ankaona Mwina ndi chimake lachiwiri la umoyo-pedagogical chiopsezo. A mwana ku banja lina limene pali mavuto aakulu sukulu akhoza kukhala ndi mavuto osiyanasiyana, kuyambira ntchito osauka, mikangano ndi anzanu ndi aphunzitsi, kutsiriza ndi disorientation zonse chikhalidwe ndi mavuto ndi anatengera kwa ndondomeko maphunziro. Ntchito si chikhalidwe cha anthu, komanso mphunzitsi wamba ndi kupeza munthu njira kwa mwana ndiponso kupereka chithandizo choyenera m'nthawi yake.