Evaporation - ... zimachitika gawo kusintha kwa zinthu pa mkhalidwe zamadzimadzi nthunzi ndi

Dziko lonse zonse ndi mosalekeza ndi yaikulu zosiyanasiyana zochitika zosiyanasiyana thupi ndi njira. Imodzi yofunika tinganene kuti ndondomeko evaporation. Pali prerequisites zingapo zodabwitsazi. M'nkhaniyi, tiona za izi mwatsatanetsatane.

nthunzi chiyani?

Izi ndondomeko ya kutembenuka kwa zinthu m'chigawo gaseous kapena nthunzi. Ndi khalidwe chabe kwa madzi kugwirizana zinthu. Komabe, zinthu zimenezi anamuona pa zolimba, koma chodabwitsa amatchedwa sublimation. Tingaone zimenezi ndi mosamala wa matupi. Mwachitsanzo, mtanda umodzi wa sopo pa nthawi kupukuta ndipo akuyamba osokoneza, ndi chifukwa m'malovu a madzi mu kapangidwe kake asanduke nthunzi ndi kukhala gaseous H ₂ O.

Kutsimikiza sayansi

Evaporation - ndi ndondomeko endothermic umene ndi odzipereka mphamvu gwero ndi kutentha kwa gawo kusintha. Pamafunikanso zigawo ziwiri:

• ndi ena kuchuluka kwa kutentha chofunika kugonjetsa wokongola mphamvu maselo, pamene pali kusiyana pakati pa mamolekyulu angongole;
• kutenthetsa zofunika yowonjezera pa ntchito ya mamolekyulu mu kutembenuka kwa zinthu madzi mu nthunzi kapena gasi.

Kodi zimenezi zimachitika?

The kusintha kwa chinthu zamadzimadzi boma gaseous angayambe m'njira ziwiri:

1. Evaporation - ndi njira imene thunthu madzi kuchokera tinthu pamwamba asanduke nthunzi.
2. Otentha - ndondomeko vaporization wa madzimadzi ndi kusintha kutentha ndi yeniyeni kutentha zinthu otentha.

Ngakhale kuti zinthuzo onse asinthe chinthu madzi mu mpweya, pali kusiyana kwambiri pakati pawo. Otentha - ndondomeko yogwira, amene anachita basi kutentha ena, pamene vaporization amapezeka m'mikhalidwe iliyonse. Kusiyana kwina ndi otentha khalidwe la misa lonse wa madzi ndi chodabwitsa chachiwiri kumachitika kokha padziko zinthu zamadzimadzi.

Maselo-kayendedwe chiphunzitso cha evaporation

Ngati tikambirana ndondomeko pa mlingo maselo, ndi motere:

1. Mamolekyulu mu zinthu madzi ali mu zonse wachisokonezo zoyenda onsewo ali imathamanga osiyana kwambiri. Nthawiyi, particles amakopeka ndi mnzake chifukwa mphamvu yokoka. Midzidzi adzawombana ndi mzake, kusintha liwiro awo. Panthawi ina, ena kukhala kwambiri liwiro, kulola kugonjetsa mphamvu yokoka.
2. zinthu izi, amene anali padziko madzi ndi mphamvu kayendedwe kuti akhoza kugonjetsa nsinga intermolecular ndi kusiya madzi.
3. mamolekyulu Awa ndi yachangu panamveka padziko thunthu madzi, ndi ndondomeko izi zikuchitika mosalekeza ndi nthawi zonse.
4. Kamodzi mu mlengalenga, akusinthika mu nthunzi - umatchedwa vaporization.
5. Motero, pafupifupi kayendedwe mphamvu ya particles otsala kukhala ang'onoang'ono. Ikufotokoza madzimadzi yozizira. Kumbukirani monga mwana tinaphunzira kuliza madzi otentha kuti izo ozizira kwambiri. Iwo likukhalira kuti ife inapita patsogolo ndondomeko ya evaporation wa madzi, ndipo kuchepa kutentha ndi zambiri mofulumira.

Zimene?

Pali zinthu zambiri zofunika zikamera wa ndondomekoyi. Imachokera kulikonse kumene particles madzi alipo: ndi nyanja, nyanja, mitsinje, zinthu zonse yonyowa, chimakwirira nyama ndi anthu, komanso masamba a zomera. Ndizachidziwikire kuti evaporation - izi ndi zofunika kwambiri ndi yofunika kwa ndondomeko za dziko ndi anthu amoyo onse.

Nazi zimene zimakhudza zodabwitsazi:

1. Mlingo wa evaporation zimadalira zikuchokera madzimadzi yokha. Amadziwika kuti aliyense wa iwo ali peculiarities yake. Mwachitsanzo, anthu zinthu zomwe ndi kutentha apansi vaporization, adzatembenukanso mofulumira. Tiyeni tifananize za njira ziwiri: evaporation mowa ndi madzi wamba. Mbali yoyamba ya kusintha mu boma gaseous uli wachangu, chifukwa enthalpy wa vaporization mowa ndi ku 837 KJ / kg, ndi madzi ndi pafupifupi katatu wamkulu - 2260 KJ / kg.
2. Mlingo chimadaliranso kutentha koyamba kwa madzi: ikuluikulu ndi, liwiro nthunzi ya aumbike. Mwachitsanzo, kutenga chikho cha madzi, pamene mkati mwa chotengeracho otentha madzi, evaporation limapezeka pa liwiro apamwamba kuposa pamene kutentha madzi n'chozama.
3. Chinanso kudziwa mlingo wa otaya ndondomeko izi - ndi dera pamwamba madzi. Kumbukirani kuti otentha msuzi akamazizira mofulumira mbale awiri lalikulu kuposa kozungulira yaing'ono.
4. Wofalitsa mathamangidwe zinthu mu mlengalenga makamaka Mzimuyo mlingo wa evaporation, mwachitsanzo. E. Amapezeka mofulumira kuposa mayamwidwe, liwiro ndi evaporation. Mwachitsanzo, pamene mphepo yamphamvu madzi m'malovu adzakhala asanduke nthunzi pamwamba pa nyanja, mitsinje ndi madamu.
5. The firiji nalonso yofunika kwambiri. Zambiri za izi ayankhidwa pansipa.

Kodi udindo wa chinyezi chiyani?

Chifukwa ndondomeko evaporation chikuchitika mosalekeza ndi zonse kuchokera kumbali zonse, mpweya nthawi zonse lili particles madzi. Mawonekedwe maselo iwo amaoneka ngati gulu la zinthu la H ₂ O. The zakumwa akhoza asanduke nthunzi malingana ndi chizindikiro cha buku ya nthunzi ya madzi mu mlengalenga, ndipo chiŵerengero iyi akutchedwa chinyezi. Ndi magulu awiri:

1. Wachibale chinyezi - chiŵerengero cha kuchuluka ya nthunzi ya madzi mu mlengalenga ndi zimalimbikitsa nthunzi osalimba pa kutentha yomweyo monga anthu a. Mwachitsanzo, mlingo wa 100% limasonyeza kuti mpweya kwathunthu zimalimbikitsa mamolekyulu wa H ₂ O.
2. The kachulukidwe mtheradi amadziwika ndi nthunzi ya madzi mu mlengalenga, ndiwo amaimira f, ndipo ikusonyeza zimene gulu la tinthu madzi ali 1 mita ³ mpweya.

Communication mpweya ndi chinyezi ndondomeko evaporation zingadziŵike motere. Zing'onozing'ono ndi index wachibale chinyezi, mothamanga evaporation zidzachitika kuchokera pansi kapena zinthu zina.

Evaporation zinthu zosiyanasiyana

zinthu zosiyana, ndondomeko izi zimachitika mu njira zosiyanasiyana. Mwachitsanzo, mowa vaporization uli wachangu kuposera madzi ambiri chifukwa kutentha kwake yaing'ono enieni vaporization. Nthawi zambiri ngati zinthu madzi wotchedwa oyaka chifukwa madzi nthunzi kwenikweni anayamba kuchepa kwa iwo amachita pa kutentha kulikonse.

mowa akhozanso vaporized ngakhale firiji. Pa kuphika vinyo kapena mowa wamphamvu mowa amakakamizidwa mwa zida za wofululidwa, kokha kufika kuwira mfundo, ndi pafupifupi wofanana ndi madigiri 78. Komabe, kutentha leni mowa adzakhala asanduke nthunzi pang'ono, chifukwa mankhwala kuyambira (mwachitsanzo, Braga) ndi pawiri ndi mafuta zosiyanasiyana zofunika ndi madzi.

Condensation ndi sublimation

Chodabwitsa izi zingaoneke nthawi iliyonse madzi zithupsa mu ketulo lapansi. Chonde dziwani kuti pamene otentha kusintha madzi kuchokera madzi ndi mkhalidwe gaseous. Izi zimachitika motere: otentha ndege nthunzi pa mathamangidwe mkulu panamveka ku ketulo mu mphuno zake. Mu nkhani iyi, nthunzi chifukwa si kuonekera pa kuchoka kwa nozzle, ndipo pang'ono kwa iye. Zimenezi amatchedwa condensation, T. E. nthunzi Madzi Zachepetsedwa mlingo yakuti iwo kukhala zooneka ndi maso athu.

Olimba evaporation otchedwa sublimation. Choncho iwo kudali ku gaseous boma akaphatikiza, anyalanyaza gawo madzi. Wotchuka nkhani ya sublimation amagwirizana ndi timibulu ayezi. Mawonekedwe koyamba ayezi olimba pa kutentha pamwamba 0 ° zikuyamba kusungunula, kutenga boma madzi. Komabe, nthawi zina pa otsika kutentha, ayezi akupitiriza nthunzi mawonekedwe, anyalanyaza gawo madzi.

Zotsatira za evaporation pa thupi la munthu

Evaporation chikuchitika mu thupi lathu thermoregulation. ndondomeko izi zimachitika kudzera dongosolo kudziletsa yozizira. Pa otentha tsiku lina, munthu amene ankagwira ntchito yeniyeni thupi, amakhala otentha kwambiri. Izi zikutanthauza kuti kumawonjezera mphamvu mkati. Ndipo monga mukudziwa, pa kutentha pamwamba 42 ° mapuloteni mu magazi a anthu ayamba aumirira, ngati nthawi sasiya ndondomeko, izo ndi imfa.

Self-yozizira dongosolo anakonza chotero monga kusintha kutentha kwa moyo wabwinobwino. Pamene kutentha wobwezera kololeka pazipita, mwa pores wa thukuta yogwira kumayambira khungu. Ndiyeno ndi khungu pamwamba ukuphwera, zimene zimatenga mphamvu owonjezera thupi. Mu mawu ena, evaporation - ndondomeko imene facilitates kuzirala kwa thupi kwa boma mwake.