Cruiser "Aurora" - chombo, wodziwika limodzi mpirawo. Main makhalidwe, mbiri cruiser

Cruiser "Aurora" ndi chimodzi mwa zizindikiro zambiri kuzindikira za October kuukira boma. Koma mbiri ya sitimayo zikuphatikizapo zinthu zambiri ndi nkhondo popanda zomwe lingaliro la njira zakale za cruiser idzakhala chosakwanira.

ntchito cruiser

Yomanga cruiser "Aurora" (sitima ya "Diana") inayamba mu 1896. Malinga ndi pulogalamu kale shipbuilding, ntchito imeneyi sanali zolinga za zombo lapansi. Komabe, pa mapeto a XIX m'ma zinthu mfundo yachilendo lafika poipa kwambiri. Iwo anayamba mpikisano manja ndi Germany. Against maziko awa, boma zofunika zombo atsopano monga "Aurora".

chombo chidafika wachitatu mwa cruisers m'kalasi ake (woyamba awiri anali "Diana" ndi "Pallada"). chombo anaika mu Chatsopano Admiralty. ntchito yake ndi woyambitsa wa panyanja kapangidwe injiniya Xavier wankhondo. Choyesera anali ovomerezeka pa Naval Committee zaumisiri, ndipo anayamba kukonzekera yomanga.

M'chaka cha 1897 Mfumu Nicholas II anapereka maganizo 12 chifukwa cha dzina la chotengera m'tsogolo. Mfumu anasankha "Aurora" - dzina atenga ku wakale wachikazi wa Roma wa m'bandakucha. Kuika mwambo unachitikira pa June 4. Iwo anali nawo asilikali General zombo Grand Duke Alexei Alexandrovich. The zina cruisers awiri anamalizidwa pasanakhale "Aurora". chombo anapangidwa belatedly chifukwa chakuti Order Executive sanathe kugwirizana pa yobereka injini nthunzi. mafakitale Society Franco-Russian poyamba sanafune kusonyeza zojambula wapatali Baltic doko la zombo zapanyanja. Pomaliza mkangano inathetsedwa, ndi mgwirizano yosainidwa (July 20).

Chiyambi cha utumiki

May 24, 1900 ngalawa "Aurora" unayambitsidwa. Mwambo zinachitika mu kukhalapo kwa Mfumu Nicholas II, mkazi wake Alexandra ndi mayi wake Maria Feodorovna. Ukuimira kuti pa mbadwa pa bolodi anali yapamadzi, poyamba anali wa frigate chomwecho "Aurora", anatenga gawo mu chitetezo cha Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky pa Crimea nkhondo. Yoika makinawa ndi makina wothandiza anayamba tsiku lotsatira.

Waukulu luso makhalidwe a chotengera ndi: kutalika - mamita 126, m'lifupi - mamita 16, asilikali - mamita 6. "Aurora" ali kusamutsidwa matani 6731. Monga injini okonza anasankha madzi chubu boilers Belleville. Pa mphamvu za 12 zikwi ndiyamphamvu galimoto angafikire liwiro la makilomita 35 pa ola limodzi (19 mfundo). oyendetsa chombocho chinali 550 oyendetsa ndi alonda 20.

Ena zaka chombo anayesedwa, ndiye mu 1903 analowa detachment molamulidwa ndi kumbuyo-asilikali Andrew Vireniusa. Tsoka zina za m'chombo anali kugwirizana ndi Chachiwiri Pacific Squadron, analengedwa chifukwa cha mliri wa Chirasha Japanese nkhondo. Anapita Port Arthur kuti tidziwe doko anazinga. zombo anali kutali, amene zambiri anatambasula osati chaka chimodzi.

Dogger Bank chochitika

Ngakhale chikuyenda mu nyanja ya Baltic October 22, 1904 ndi chochitika kwambiri zinachitika. zombo squadron ankachitika kuwombera ndi wosadziwika chombo Muzisamala mu chifunga. Kunapezeka kuti anali asodzi British. Awiri a iwo anaphedwa. "Aurora" anadza pansi wochezeka moto chifukwa aone osauka. m'chombo ali 5 zipolopolo. Chifukwa kuvulala analandira anamwalira pasanapite nthawi iye anali pa cruiser mmonke. chochitika anadziwika monga chochitika Dogger Bank. Chifukwa asapita zolakwa zombo pakati Russia ndi United Ufumu akhala kwambiri ungwiro. Pofuna kulongosola mavuto a zipani tsoka agwirizana ndi kufufuza za kuweruza arbitral. Icho chinali choyamba nkhani zoterozo mu mchitidwe dziko.

Ngakhale zinachitikazi, ndi squadron anapitiriza ulendo wake. zinali bwanji pa cruiser "Aurora" n'chiyani? chombo msanga zigamba, ndiponso kuwonongeka si anachititsa kuti abwerere kwawo. Pachilumba cha Madagascar pa magalimoto oyendetsa anamva kuti Port Arthur anali atagwa, ndi squadron woyamba Tihookenskaya anafa.

nkhondo ya Tsushima

14 kapena May 27, 1905, kalembedwe latsopano ngalawa "Aurora", anatenga gawo mu wotchuka Nkhondo ya Tsushima. Pakuti zombo Russian kunali nkhondo ndi chiyembekezo otsiriza chipulumutso cha kampeni lonse lankhondo. Chachiwiri Pacific Squadron zowawa linagonja. "Aurora" anali mwayi - chombo zinawonongeka, koma anagonja ndipo alibe kumizidwa mosiyana ndi makhoti ena ambiri m'banja.

Pambuyo pa nkhondo ya cruiser anapeza 18 kumenya. Anchor unyolo anaphedwa, ndipo fairlead sangathenso. Maenje otsala zinawonongeka. May 21, limodzi ndi chombo anapita ku America ku doko la Manila, Philippines. chombo awamanga. Gulu anapereka olembedwa sanali nawo nkhondo zina ndi Japanese. "Aurora" anakhala inaima ku Manila mpaka kusaina Mtendere wa Portsmouth, imene inatha nkhondo. The cruiser anabwerera kunyumba February 19, 1906. Anchor mu Libau anaponyedwa atatha masiku 458 pambuyo sitimayo pa ulendo ulendo monga mbali ya Chachiwiri Pacific Squadron.

The First World nkhondo

Chikadzangotha Choyamba nkhondo World sitima-cruiser "Aurora" anabwera Revel doko kuyembekezera malamulo atsopano. August 26, 1914 inavutika ndi kuonongeka "Magdeburg" mu madzi a Gulf wa Finland. "Aurora" anapita kukakumana chotengera German. amalinyero Russian anakwanitsa kulanda sitimayo. Kenako iye anawachotsa kwa zidutswa.

Pambuyo ndi kukhala yaitali ku doko la Helsingfors. Mu 1916, a "Aurora" walowa Gulf wa Riga ndi anathandiza mphamvu nthaka ntchito lolemera zida zankhondo moto. M'dzinja ngalawayo kuti Kronstadt kwa kukonza.

February zisinthe

Pa kukhala mu Kronstadt mkulu Mihail Nikolsky anayesa kukana ndale chosintha mukubwadamuka, omwe asangalala pa fakitale m'deralo, amene anakonza chombo. Pa mabizinezi a kunyanyala anayamba. zofuna wamba anali osiyana. Wina akufuna kuchepetsa tsiku ntchito, ena amatsutsa akuluakulu. Imeneyi, mkulu molondola adawopa kwa makhalidwe a anthu ake.

February 27 anali analimbitsa manja alonda asunga cruiser "Aurora". History chombo kale m'gulu zoopsa nkhondo nyanja, koma ngati kupanduka anayamba m'chombocho, akapitawo a tawerenga aja sanali zomwe. Komanso, agitators ankafalitsa mphekesera zoti ku "Aurora" azitentha chombo m'ndende.

Madzulo a pa February utasintha, sitima ankachita zipolowe. panyanjawa asiya kumvera malamulo a Nikolsky, ndiye alonda anatsegula motowo. anthu atatu anavulala, wina anamwalira ku matenda. Pa nthawiyi n'kuti St. Petersburg zachitika kale zitsanzo misa otchuka ndi boma ku likulu la dziko anali pafupifupi ziwalo.

28 kutsogolo kwa "Aurora" anayamba chionetsero. Antchito anasefukira sitimayo. Atamva kuti tsiku pamaso chombo kuwombera, mkwiyo ananyamuka. Simunakondweretsedwe ndi mkulu Kutsekeledwa Nikolsky ndi wapolisi wina Ogranovicha. Ndi iwo analekanitsidwa zomangira. Awiriwa anali ku imfa ndi gulu la kukula chisokonezeko ziwonetsero. Nikolsky anawomberedwa chifukwa chokana kupita Tauride Palace ndi nsalu ofiira manja ake. Alonda analepheranso kuteteza m'chombo kuchokera agitators ndi.

Zosakhazikika 1917 TH

Mu 1917, sitima "Aurora" anali akadali nkhondo woyenera ndiponso ano. Cruiser, ngakhale ndalama zonse za nkhondo ndi ulimi akhoza kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa cholinga chake. Pambuyo zochitika za February ndi kupasula amalinyero ufumu anakhazikitsa Komiti ya Sitima. Panali zambiri oimira zipani ndinachoka mapiko, koma osati limodzi Bolshevik.

Komabe, m'chilimwe zinthu zinasintha kwambiri. Lenin Othandiza mosamala ntchito ndi Army ndi Bulu. Choncho, ndithudi, sanathe kunyalanyaza ndi cruiser chofunika kwambiri "Aurora". History of chombo mwachidule kudziwika kwa anthu onse likulu. Ngati Bolsheviks anali siinamuchititse lamulo chotengera pa mbali yake, zingakhale siife opambana.

Pa "Aurora" anapanga wodziŵa agitators chipani (mwachitsanzo, Mikhail Kalinin), Potsindika ubwenzi wake wapadera nditaima pa sitima yathu. The chifukwa sanayembekezere. Pofika m'chilimwe komiti ya kale 42 oimira RSDLP (b). Amalinyero anayamba kutenga nawo mbali mu Bolshevik zochita msewu. July 4 pa chionetsero misa mu Petrograd oyendetsa anabwera pansi mfuti moto wa asilikali kukhalabe okhulupirika kwa Provisional boma. repressions motsutsa Bolsheviks anayamba. Lenin anathawira m'kanyumba ka mu Razliv, ndi ena oyendetsa makamaka odzipereka "Aurora" zinali zitamangidwa.

Kukwera October

Mu September, panali komiti kukonzanso chisankho china sitimayo. Iwo anali chaired ndi Bolshevik Alexander Belyshev. Captain anali Nikolai Eriksson. Popeza kukonza sitima inatha, posakhalitsa anali kupita m'nyanja. Komabe, pa 10 October ndi Bolsheviks pa msonkhano Committee chapakati anaganiza ndi zokhumba mfuti Petrograd. "Aurora" sizinali zofunikira monga cruiser zida zamphamvu, komanso chizindikiro yofunika.

The Bolsheviks ankalamulira osati chombo, koma Petrograd Soviet. Malinga ndi chigamulo chake October 24 oyendetsa anasiya sitima St. Petersburg. "Aurora" anali kubweretsa Nicholas Bridge. akuluakulu City anayesa kuti asalalikire akuwoloka kuti asiye kulanda boma ku likulu la dziko, ndi opanduka akuyesa kuteteza izo.

Usiku wa pa October 25, sitima analowa Neva. Erickson mkulu poyamba anakaniza chisankho, koma anavomera. Iye ankaopa kuti oyendetsa chizolowezi chabe kudzala chombo mumchenga. Nicholas Bridge anali mu manja a Junkers. Pamene "Aurora" njira adathawa, kumbali ya Bolsheviks anali kukonzanso kayendedwe ka mtsinje.

kuwombera youma

Ndi m'mawa wa October 25 Lenin Smolny ankalamulira zomangamanga aya lonse Petrograd - .. Telegraph, positi ofesi, pasiteshoni ya sitima, etc. The boma wogwirizira anali akadali Zima Palace. The Bolsheviks anali chikawombera iye ku linga, mu chochitika kulephera wa nduna pochitika izo.

Kuposa akanthe zingathandize "Aurora"? mtundu wa zombo ndi manja ake analola kubala mbendera mpirawo. The Bolsheviks anaganiza ntchito mwayi umenewu. Masana 25 chombo anafika Vladimir Antonov - mutu wa ndodo munda wa otsatira Lenin a. Iye analamula kuwombera kanthu, zomwe zinakonzedwa kubala pambuyo chizindikiro kuyambira kunsanja ya Petro ndi Paulo. Komanso, Bolsheviks ntchito wailesi kuti "Aurora" popereka pamtima Lenin.

Malo kuwombera Belo pa 21:40. Izo zinandipangitsa Gunnery Yevdokim Ognev. Mpirawo anali chizindikiro kwa kuukira Zima Palace. Komanso, iye anapanga mantha Atumiki a Provisional boma, amene mizu okha mphamvu yawo yomaliza. Azambiriyakale akadali kukangana ngati panali kuthekera luso kwa Field Aurora kuwombera pa Zima Palace. Akatswiri ena amanena kuti moto pa kugonja kwa sindikanakhoza ngakhale chifukwa malo a sitima malo. mwanjira ina, koma kuwombera losatha sizinali zofunikira. The Zima Palace anali m'manja mwa zigawenga, ndipo popanda thandizo la "Aurora".

Tsatirani nkhani

An yanthaŵi zimene zinachitika pa October kuukira boma, anakhala wotchuka "Aurora" chifukwa cruiser lapansi. History of chombo yomweyo inasanduka fano yofunika ya kubadwa kwa Soviet Union. masiku atatu pambuyo zochitika mu Zima Palace anabwerera kwa kukonza. Posakhalitsa "Aurora" tsopano anakhala gawo la zombo yogwira.

M'chaka cha 1918 boma la Bolshevik akali wosalimba. Petrograd anayamba za White Army amanyansidwa Yudenich. Maphunziro ngalawa "Aurora" sangathe kumenyana pansi. Komabe, anaganiza ntchito cruiser pang'ono mosiyana. Ndiye Petrograd anakaonekera kuopseza alowererepo yachilendo. The Bolsheviks ankafuna kusefukira "Aurora" ndi zombo ochepa kuti asalalikire mayendedwe a zombo za adani. Komabe, zosowa osadzuka.

Mu yamtendere ngalawa "Aurora" amene chithunzi zinachitika October mu Petrograd anagwa patsamba loyamba la nyuzipepala ambiri Russian ndi achilendo, anakhala maphunziro chombo. Cruiser nawo maulendo angapo yachilendo. Pa Maulendo awa aphunzire latsopano oyendetsa RKKF. Tsiku lakhumi la zisinthe mu 1927, "Aurora" anali kupereka dongosolo la Red mbendela.

Otsiriza losatha zimafika sitima anapanga mu 1930, pamene atazungulira Scandinavia Peninsula. Kenaka kukonzanso yaitali. Komabe, iye sakanakhoza kusalaza chifukwa chakuti ngalawa ili akale. Ndi 1941, izo anakonzera kuchita kuti mupewe zombo, koma chinalepheretsa isanayambike nkhondo.

Pa Leningrad "Aurora" anatseka misewu chinaperekedwa kwa ambiri mabomba ndi ndege German. Kumayambiriro a nkhondo, utsogoleri Soviet anaganiza sitima mbali ya chitetezo cha mzindawo. chotengeracho anali ochepa mfuti odana ndege, chomwe chingathe kukhala zothandiza polimbana ndege Luftwaffe. The shelling zinachititsa chakuti chombo chidafika kwambiri mabowo. Chakumapeto 1941, anthuwo anali anasamutsidwa. Kuwombera pa "Aurora" wasiya pokhapokha zochotsa anatseka misewu ya.

Pa magalimoto wosatha

Mu 1944 anaganiza kutumiza chombo pa magalimoto wosatha Petrograd embankment ndi kutembenukira mu Museum. Mwa nthawi zonse pa Soviet Union, panali pafupifupi ayi lodziwika bwino malo ngati cruiser "Aurora". Ulendo wa chombo anapangidwa kuvomerezedwa kwa alendo likulu kumpoto.

Pazaka makumi angapo wotsatira, "Aurora" wopyoza ndi anaukitsidwa khumi. Mu 2014, chombo ananditumiza Kronstadt kwa kukonza lotsatira. Iye inyamuka kubwerera magalimoto osatha Petrograd embankment kale m'chilimwe cha 2016.