Economic dera la kum'mawa Siberia: nkhani, nyengo, chuma zofunika, anthu

Economic dera la East Siberia - imodzi yaikulu komanso yofunika kwambiri ya 12 zofanana mayunitsi m'zigawozo la Russia. Ndi zinthu zake chachikulu ndi kuthekera zachuma, n'kofunika kuti chitukuko cha zomangamanga kudutsa dziko. dera chuma kum'mawa Siberia, kumene ili ndi chiyani, kodi chuma ali ndi zinthu zina zake zimene? Tiyeni tione pa nkhani zimenezi.

malo Hrs

Geographical malo - chinthu choyamba chimene tiyenera anamvera. Ichi ndi chinthu kwambiri kuti umakhudza onse nyengo ya kudera komanso chuma chake.

dera Economic a kum'mawa Siberia ili mu gawo Asian la Chitaganya cha Russia. Iwo ali lalikulu dera dera Siberia. Tikumbukenso kuti dera zachuma mwachirengedwe pafupifupi ofanana kwa Siberia Federal District. Chigawo sakhala ndi ena chabe Western District Federal.

East-Siberia dera kumadzulo izo malire ndi West Siberia dera zachuma, kum'mawa - ndi Far East, kum'mwera kwa m'malire Russia ndi China ndi Mongolia. North m'dera kutsukidwa ndi madzi a Ocean Arctic.

Region Economic East-Siberia ali kudera la 4.123.000 Km ^2. Izi kuposa chabe kukula kwa Far East dera zachuma.

Amenewa ndiwo malo Hrs wa mayunitsi m'zigawozo Russia.

utsogoleri magawano

Tsopano anapereka nzika za East Siberia zachuma dera. Iwo agawidwa zigawo zisanu ndi chimodzi utsogoleri:

• Republic of Khakassia.
• Republic of Tyva.
• Republic of Buryatia.
• Irkutsk dera.
• Krasnoyarsk Gawo.
• Trans-Baikal Gawo.

Dera Nayenso lagawidwa m'madera ntchitoyi.

The dera lalikulu kwambiri - Krasnoyarsk dera. Malo ndi 2366.797 sq M.. Km, umene uli chiwiri kwa yaikulu pambuyo Yakutia mwa nzika zonse za boma. Ndiye kukula kwa gawo ayenera kukhala Trans-Baikal Gawo, dera Irkutsk ndi Buryatia. Pa mapu, mukhoza zowoneka kuona chiŵerengero cha m'dera la zisudzo zosiyanasiyana m'dera chuma boma. Kukula zing'onozing'ono m'dera ali Khakasiia (61,600 Km ^2.).

District utsogoleri malo nzika za boma;

• Abakan (Khakassia).
• Krasnoyarsk (Krasnoyarsk Gawo).
• Kyzyl (Tyva).
• Ulan Ude (Buriatia).
• Chita (Trans-Baikal Gawo).
• Irkutsk (Irkutsk dera).

Aliyense wa midzi izi ndi zofunika makamaka m'derali. Awa ndi mizinda imene ine ndikhoza kunyadira Siberia. Krasnoyarsk - kumzinda waukulu wa dera lino chuma. Chiwerengero cha anthu ku kuposa anthu miliyoni. Komanso, amaona pakati pa dera zachuma.

nyengo

A yaitali kumpoto ndi kum'mwera n'chifukwa kuchuluka kwa mabacteria nyengo m'gawo la gawo lapansi.

Pa zilumba za kozizira Ocean ili kozizira m'chipululu limodzi la wotsikitsitsa ankhanza kutentha pa Dziko Lapansi. Chipale chivundikiro ali pano chaka chonse. Near kugombe la nyanja ndi zone Titafika pamalo. Kutentha ambiri January, pali -36 ° C. Pa chaka pali masiku osachepera makumi anai, imene kutentha kuposa 10 ° C. Nthawi imeneyi imatengedwa chilimwe. Ndi ili kum'mwera kwa Titafika pamalo ndi zomera otsika, m'nyengo ya chilimwe ozizira komanso yozizira.

Komanso kum'mwera ayenera nayonso. zone uyu ali ndi mbali yaikulu ya chigawo zachuma. Maonekedwe ake amadziwika chifukwa ndi zomera wandiweyani anapereka mitengo kwenikweni wamtali. Chilimwe pano ali otentha ndi nyengo ndi wankhanza.

Kum'mwera ndi alternately steppe ndi steppe mabacteria. Ataima kunja m'chilimwe otentha ndipo nyengo ndi ozizira. Mu steppe yotentha kugwa mvula yochepa kwambiri, ndi zomera tichipeza zomera otsika-kukula. Koma ziyenera ananena kuti steppe ndi zone steppe ali ndithu malo aang'ono.

Komanso, mu mapiri, pali mbali ya mabacteria altitudinal kuti ndi zenizeni makhalidwe nyengo.

Tikumbukenso kuti dera zachuma zachulukazi ndi chizindikiro lakuthwa mtundu chokhala ndi nyengo. Ichi ndi chifukwa mtunda wautali ku nyanja ofunda. Choncho, tsiku ndi pachaka kusinthasintha kutentha chigawo ndi yofunika kwambiri.

zachilengedwe

chirengedwe cha East Siberia dera zachuma amalembedwa ndithu lalikulu zosiyanasiyana ndi buku m'matangadza.

M'dera pali madipoziti lalikulu lignite ndi zovuta malasha, golide, mafuta, chitsulo, polymetallic ndi mkuwa faifi tambala ores. Palinso nkhokwe ya asibesitosi, graphite, mchere, talc ndi Mica.

Koma dera lalikulu la chuma chuma - ndalama lalikulu la nkhalango. Pakuti chizindikiro ichi, zikupereka utsogoleri mwa zofanana nyumba Kupititsa mu Russia.

madamu

The zachilengedwe monga mitsinje yambiri ndi nyanja. Mu chuma, iwo ntchito osati kwa ulimi nsomba ndi nsomba, koma monga zoyendera mtsempha wamagazi, komanso gwero la magetsi.

Pakati pa akuluakulu matupi madzi ayenera allocated Baikal. Ndi nyanja akuya mu dziko. Kuya pazipita ndi 1642 m. Komanso tisaiwale kuti madzi atsopano mu nkhokwe mpaka 19% ya okwana dziko.

Mwa mitsinje n'kofunika kusankha yaitali kwambiri Russian Lena Mtsinje (4,400 km), ndi Yenisei ndi Amur. Komanso, magwero lalikulu madzi ndi mitsinje monga Tungusska m'munsi, Hatanga, Selenga, miyala Tunguska. Nkofunika mtsinje mu chuma cha charo ndi Angara, amene kulumikiza Baikal ndi Yenisei. mtsinje umenewu ndi mndandanda wa okwerera opangira magetsi mphamvu, kuphatikizapo Bratsk opangira magetsi zomera, wobala ndalama yaikulu ya magetsi.

anthu chigawo

Chiwerengero anaphunzira ku dera chuma miliyoni 8.4. Anthu. Anthu kachulukidwe pano ndi wina wa wotsikitsitsa mu Russia, ndi za 2 anthu. 1 sq. Km. Chithunzi zotsatirazi okha Far East dera zachuma. Tikumbukenso kuti mbali ya kum'mwera ali ndi mlingo kwambiri kwa anthu kuposa lonse la dera East-Siberia wonse. Pano anthu kachulukidwe kufika pamlingo wa anthu 30. pa sq. Km.

Tsankho Russian amachuluka pakati pa anthu okhala kudera zachuma. cholowa chawo kuposa 80% ya chonse cha anthu a m'deralo. Onse mitundu ina amakhala otsika nawo mawu a msonkhanowo. Pakuti Russian Buryat yaikulu komanso Tuva ali - anthu zakwawoko okhala East Siberia zachuma dera. Anthu a dera ili ndi ankatsogoleranso ndi Ukrainians ndi Chitata, zatenga, motero, wachinayi ndi wachisanu waukulu.

Mwa anthu olankhula zinenero zamakolo ayenera amatchulanso Shor, Evenki ndi Dolgan. Koma chiwerengero cha oimira deta mitundu ndi ochepa. Choncho, oimira anthu Dolgan, pali kokha pang'ono kuposa 5.5 zikwi. Man.

Tikumbukenso kuti anthu a m'derali, kuyambira 2012, likunena kuwonjezeka, ngakhale kwa 1992 chinachitika kugwa mu zaziwerengero kuchepa kwa chiwerengero cha anthu.

makampani

makhalidwe Economic a m'dera amalembedwa ngati chitukuko cha malonda komanso ulimi.

Waukulu nthambi ya zachuma ndi migodi. Pali specialization kutchulidwa wa East Siberia zachuma dera pa migodi. Kwenikweni, ali yofunika malo khala migodi, mafuta, ndi zitsulo ores zosiyanasiyana, kale tatchulazi.

Iwo ali mkulu mafakitale angathe a kummawa Siberia. Krasnoyarsk wotchuka anayamba makina olemera ndi makampani zitsulo. Komanso, mzindawu ali ndi chomera kwa kupanga mankhwala, komanso kampani, umene umabala ma TV.

Mu Irkutsk pali fakitale zokhudzana zomangamanga lolemera, ogwira ndege kupanga, komanso Russia lonse kampani mphamvu "Irkutskenergo". Zimenezi n'zosadabwitsa, popeza mphamvu mphamvu amapereka yaikulu Angara kugwa. Mzinda anayambanso adzasowa chakudya, makamaka kupanga nyama, mkaka ndi ophika buledi mankhwala.

Ndithu mkulu mafakitale angathe ali Abakan. Khakassia ayenera kunyadira chotero malo. Iwo ali lalikulu galimoto zomanga fakitale, nambala amakampani chakudya ndi kuwala mafakitale lalikulu ikukhudzana ndi zomera mphamvu. Za zomwe atsopano titchedwe atulukira yaikulu mu Siberia magetsi mphamvu dzuwa.

Center kwa dera Trans-Baikal - mzinda wa Chita - wotchuka mbewu zomangamanga ndi nyumba yomanga ake fakitale. Komanso, chomera galimoto unayambitsidwa posachedwapa. Koma chamene ndi chitukuko cha zomangamanga Chita makampani mphamvu. Pa gawo la mzinda ndi awiri monga matenthedwe mphamvu zomera, amene ankamupatsa mphamvu ya magetsi m'madera a.

Major mafakitale zigawo za dziko ndi za Buryatia. Pa mapu, amene anapereka pamwamba, limasonyeza bwino Republic ili lozungulira nyanja ya Baikal. makampani olemera ndi chidwi vuto zachilengedwe kwa dziwe. Mu likulu la Buryatia, Ulan-Ude kwambiri anayamba osiyanasiyana mafakitale. Pali zomangamanga, mphamvu, migodi, zomangamanga, matabwa processing makampani. Komanso, pali mabungwe chinkhoswe pa ulimi mu chakudya ndi kuwala mafakitale. chidwi ziperekedwe kwa kampani "Buryatzoloto", chinkhoswe mu chitukuko cha migodi.

Kwambiri underdeveloped dera zachuma dera ndi Republic of Tyva. Pali wafika kufanana kwambiri yekha chitukuko cha mafakitale migodi.

Choncho, m'madera chachikulu cha makampani m'dera chuma migodi, zitsulo, processing nkhuni, mphamvu za zomangira ndi chakudya ndi nsalu dera la kasamalidwe.

ulimi

Chifukwa chikhalidwe cha malo ndi malo a kumpoto m'munsimu Arctic Circle Madzi oundana imayenera kupanga mu mbewu n'chotheka kum'mwera dera zachuma. Pali mbewu makamaka wamkulu. The mbewu yaikulu ndi kasupe tirigu. Komanso yogawa walandira kukula Mapila ndi balere. Mwa mbewu malonda ayenera allocated Beets shuga, amene mwakula mu kum'mwera kwa Krasnodar Gawo ndi Republic of Buryatia. Mavwende mwakula pamlingo malonda okha Minusinskaya beseni.

Livestock kuswana bwino anayamba m'dziko la dera zachuma. Koma makampani specialization ziweto zimadalira dera. Choncho, mu mbali ya kumpoto Krasnoyarsk Gawo mu zikhalidwe za Titafika pamalo mphalapala ulimi bwino anakamba. Kum'mwera, mu nkhalango-steppe ndi steppe madera, minda zikugwira kuswana nkhosa. Kwenikweni, imakhazikika chabwino ndi theka malangizo abwino ndi mjasosherstnyh ndi odula. Mu nayonso anayamba kuswana ndi kusaka ubweya zobala nyama, komanso madera ena a ulimi. Komanso, mu zigawo chapakati ndi kum'mwera kwa malo wamba chuma njuchi. Usodzi amapezeka kulikonse.

Ambiri, tisaiwale ambiri olemera m'dera la ziweto kuyerekeza ndi mbewu. Mbewu mankhwala opangidwa pano, anthu sikokwanira, choncho m'pofunika dovozit m'madera ena chuma Russia ndi ochokera m'mayiko. Izi makamaka kutchulidwa poyerekezera ndi zipatso ndi ndiwo zamasamba.

zodutsa Transport

Mayendedwe n'kofunika kwambiri chifukwa kukhulupirika chuma chigawo, amene gawo akutambasula zikwi makilomita.

The kum'mwera kwa dziko la dera zachuma ndi likulu la Russia ndi Far East ali okhudzidwa mayendedwe. Makamaka, yofunika ankaimba ndi sitima Trans-Siberia, yomanga yomwe inayambika mu 1891, ndi Baikal-Amur Mainline, kumanga kuchokera 1938 mpaka 1984. Pa mtunda lalikulu kwa mayendedwe a anthu ndi katundu pa sitima izo wakhazikitsa wokha ngati yabwino kwambiri.

Komanso, kum'mwera dera zachuma anaika angapo misewu zofunika za kufunika feduro. The kwambiri za mayendedwe izi R255 Novosibirsk - Irkutsk (khwalala "Siberia"), R257 Krasnoyarsk - Mongolia ( "Yenisei"), R258 Irkutsk - Chita ( "Baikal"), R297 Chita - Khabarovsk ( "Cupid"), A340 Ulan-Ude - Mongolia, A350 Chita - China.

zikuipiraipirabe zilili ndi mfundo zoyendera chapakati ndi chakumpoto dera chuma, ankakhala mu Krasnoyarsk Gawo. kulankhulana Railway palibe apa. Pali galimoto misewu zofunika m'deralo. No misewu ikuluikulu m'deralo. Komabe, pali awiri feduro msewu, koma iwo lalifupi kwambiri, midzi zogwirizana ndi ndege. kufunika Zoonadi kupereka khomo la aya za kufunika njira. Izi msewu A382 polumikiza Dudinka ndege Alykel ndi A383 msewu, amene amathandiza kupeza kuchokera mu mzinda wa Tours ndege Mountain.

Monga tikuonera, pansi kugwirizana mu chapakati ndi chakumpoto madera ena a chigawo anayamba mwachilungamo ofooka. Yapadera kufunika anapeza zoyendera mtsinje. Mitsinje Lena Yenissei, Hatanga, miyala Tunguska ndi backbones zachilengedwe kupereka magalimoto kuchokera kumpoto mpaka kummwera ndi mosemphanitsa. Popeza ataliatali, ndithu malo ofunika limanenanso kuti kulankhulana mpweya.

Pa gombe la nyanja ya Arctic ndi madoko a Dudinka, Dixon, Igarka, Noordwijk. Iwo malo ofunika osati chifukwa panyanja ya Russian, komanso mauthenga lonse.

Mtengo wa dera zachuma

Monga mukuonera, n'zovuta Musaone kufunika kwa dera East-Siberia kwa dziko. Iye ndiye gwero la kwambiri kuchuluka kwa mchere monga malasha, mafuta, zitsulo ores, golide ndi ena. Lingathe mafakitale m'dera ndi waukulu kwambiri. m'madera Main: zitsulo, makampani migodi.

Wapadera cholembedwa ndi chikhalidwe lapadera dera ndi mabacteria osiyana nyengo: pali zipululu, ndi kozizira Titafika pamalo, nayonso ndi steppe. Nayonso ali nkhokwe yaikulu matabwa, ndiye anayamba ulimi, kupereka dziko ndi tsitsi wapatali. Kum'mawa Siberia pali nkhokwe yaikulu madzi ndi dziko kuya nyanja Baikal - ngale woona derali.

Pa nthawi yomweyo ziyenera anati kuti East Siberia zachuma dera ayenera kusintha mayendedwe zomangamanga, komanso kulera kusintha anthu a kuno. mavuto amenewa sangathe kuthetsedwa kwa kanthawi kochepa. njira zawo kumafuna dongosolo njira m'tsogolo. Koma sibwino yekha kuti dongosolo, komanso kutsatira monga momwe akanathera kukhazikitsa. Ndipo chuma zonse zofunikira kugwiritsa ntchito pamoyo kum'mawa Siberia zilipo.