Edvard Lir: ndi ndakatulo ya chotheka

Edvard Lir (1812 - 1888) - Chingerezi wojambula, woimba komanso wolemba ndakatulo, amene anapitiriza zaka zakubadwa wowerengeka English mwambo kulenga kochepa "tanthauzo" ndakatulo.

mfundo mwachidule ubwana ndi unyamata

Kusintha kogwirira kozungulira Banjali linali lalikulu, ine ndikhoza kunena yaikulu. Edvard Lir anali wamng'ono. Mu zaka zinayi zinatengera kuti mlongo wake Anne, amene anali zaka makumi awiri ndi chimodzi wamkulu kuposa iye. Anne anakhala mayi kwa iye ndipo ndinakhala naye mpaka imfa yake, pamene iye anali zaka 50. Kuyambira ali iye anali kupeza chakudya. Iye adayandikira zizindikiro woyamba ndi zolengeza, kenako anayamba kuchita mafanizo kwa Zoological mabuku. Iye anajambula nyama zosawerengeka osiyana, makamaka kwambiri za izo, mitundu yonse ya Zinkhwe. Lear wakhala kwambiri ornithological draftsman. Buku loyamba la watercolors wake ndi Zinkhwe anatuluka, pamene wojambula anali ndi zaka 19.

Munda Knowsley Hall

The Earl wa Derby anali mu chikhalidwe chake ndi menagerie lalikulu. Iye ankayembekezera lingaliro wofuna buku za iye. Pa 21, Edvard Lir anaitanidwa kuti zojambula za nyama, ndi kumeneko anapeza talente chotsimikizira kuti phwando ana onse amene anamuzungulira. Iye anajambula zithunzi kwa iwo, amene anali limodzi ndi oseketsa ndakatulo impromptu.

ayamikira madokotala

zaka zinayi anakhala Edvard Lir mu Earl, koma kudwala kwake kunali koperewera. iye anali munthu wa wosakhwima ndi wosalimba. Iye anali mapapo ofooka, matenda ndi mphumu mowirikiza maganizo, kuwonjezera, iye khunyu. Lake khunyu waphunzira kuoneratu ndi nthawi kuchotsedwa.

Komanso, iye wakhala akulimbana ndi maganizo. Masomphenya, koma makamaka kuwala, chinapangitsa kuti madokotala ndikukhulupirira kuti dzinja 1847- 1848 chaka adzakhala omaliza, ngati iye sanangokhala England iye. Ndicho Evard Lear anasiya dziko lakwawo kupita ku malo otentha, kapena kani, mu Italy.

Italy ndi kumayiko ena

Mu dziko lino ofunda, anayamba kujambula malo. Edward anagulitsa zojambula wake ndi watercolors ndi anthu, ndi ofalitsa, chifukwa m'masiku amenewo chidwi akutali anali wamkulu, ndi zithunzi kulibe. Ndipo m'njira ali ikusonyezera mabuku kuyenda.

Ngakhale matenda ake, iye anali wapaulendo wachidwi. chithunzicho wayenda onse Mediterranean, zilumba zonse za Aegean, Greece, Italy, Palestine, anali pa phiri la Athos, mu Igupto. Iye ngakhale anafika India ndi Ceylon.

Ndipo paliponse Lear anatenga zedi zithunzi ndi mabuku. Mu 1846, inafalitsidwa mu mabuku awiri, zikufotokozeredwa ulendo Italy. Iye anali ndi zaka 34. Ndipo m'chaka chomwecho anafalitsa buku lake loyamba zamkhutu. Ndi chotero osowa m'buku kuti si ngakhale mu British Library. Iwo ukutchedwa, anali kuwerenga kunja, kotero izo zinali opambana. Ndipo m'chaka chomwecho anakhala chidwi Mfumukazi England. Iye anafunsa Edward Lear kumuphunzitsa kudzatunga. 12 Ndipo anapereka maphunziro kwa Mfumukazi, amene adakali wamng'ono: ngakhale zaka khumi sizinakhale pa mpando wachifumu (anakwera pa mpando wachifumu mu 1837). Akatswiri amanena kuti pambuyo kusewera ndi zojambula ake Lear bwino.

Iye wakhala anakhalabe chilakolako kujambula. Iye ngakhale ikusonyezera ndakatulo ndi Tennyson.

limericks

Kodi n'chiyani? Kodi anamanga ndakatulo ndi Edward Lear? Limericks iye anali anatulukira yekha. Zinali wokalamba English mwambo. Izi ndi njira zakale, zimene kunayamba 16 m'ma ditty. Iwo osati adayimba, koma iwo anavina mu nthawi Shakespearean, ndipo kenako. Kusindikiza anagulitsa pa fairs ndi m'makwalala, nthawi zambiri zolemba. Mchinji tichipeza mizere asanu. Awiri yaitali ndi awiri aafupi, ndi lapitali yaitali. Malowo ali kuti:

• Kufotokoza. Munthu wakale pa "H".
• Action. Mwakuti anasiyiratu, munthu wakale.
• Zotsatira. Kodi iye ananena kwa izo, iye anati kapena zimene anachita kwa iye.

"Kalonga wa Nepal." Woyamba mizere iwiri amafotokozedwa Prince boti boti. kanthu tichipeza mu choona kuti iye anagwapo bwato. Ndipo zotsatira ndi yankho losavuta - idagwa, izo zinachoka. Limeneli linali yankho la kazembeyo. Aliyense anali limodzi ndi likutipatsa chitsanzo Mchinji wolemba.

Koma "wachikulire m'malire," amene deftly ndi mphaka kuvina ndi kumwa tiyi kuchokera chipewa. Retell izo zimapangitsa sazindikira. chithunzi A kuti lasanduka tingachipeze powerenga, komanso zotsatira zonse Lira.

Kodi otchulidwa chithumwa Mchinji?

Mchinji ngwazi akhoza tikudzipereka zopusa ndipo nthawi yochitira izo, koma kumaphatikizapo nyimbo ndi malamulo a masewerawo panatenga. Kodi sewero zikuchitika Ndipotu, mu izi Mchinji?

Kumeneko, kuwonjezera pa munthu wakale amene wachita zinthu zosonyeza chotheka, alipobe anthu olongosoka ndipo tisaledzere mozungulira, amene, monga ulamuliro, sindimakonda chimene iye akuchita. Iwo sanali ankadana, kunja kwa mzinda wawo, ndipo amaseka ngakhale iyeyo basi mapaundi.

Izi bwino kwambiri olembedwa Oldos Haksli: ndi za iwo, za ena, amene amatchulidwa mu malo oyamba. Ndipotu, palibe zodabwitsa mu iwo satero, omvera malamulo, ngakhale kutali. Mwachibadwa, adabwa kuti amapangitsa munthu wakale. Anthu amafunsa mafunso kuti zingaoneke mwa malo. Kwenikweni, Mchinji kuimira china chirichonse kuposa wosatha nkhani kumenyana namatetule kapena eccentric ndi achibale ndi ena. Ndicho chimene chimachitika mu Mchinji kwenikweni.

Apa ndi kudzikonda chithunzi cha Lira ndi osadziwika, amene ananena kuti palibe Lear kulibe. Edvard Lir amuonetsa akalowa wa chipewa chake ndi dzina.

Edvard Lir: zilandiridwenso

Pa moyo wake, iye analemba zambiri limericks Edvard Lir. mabuku ake monga nyimbo, m'Chiarabu. Pano pali chitsanzo cha m'Chiarabu wake ndi Mchinji nthawi yomweyo. Iyo imatchedwa "tebulo ndi mpando." Kutumikira ngati zopeka, koma asayambe nyimbo.

Old mpando tebulo anati: "Ndatopa woyima mu ngodya, wotopa ndi moyo ndi zokhoma uthenga wachisoni. Chikununkha ngati yotentha kunja, kuthawa nanu pamodzi: ndi boulevards poshurshat, ndi kamphepo kayaziyazi ". Udindo desiki mpando: "Ine ndikanati, mzanga, inu ndi ine ndinapita, koma sindinali chinsomba, ine ndaima ine ndikuchidziwa momwe." "Palibe," - anati mpando - "Ndikufuna akadali zimapita, chifukwa si kanthu kuti ndife miyendo, wamphamvu ndi wochepa." Ndi chozizwitsa! Pano pali anadabwa: tebulo ndi mpando anapita uko ndipo hobbled mzere, monyinyirika poyamba. Ndiyeno zosewera, frolicked masitolo zakale ndi mipingo anakwera ndi changu chonse, monga kavalo, gallop gallop inde. Koma kupitirira mtsinje, mlatho anayamba kuganiza kuti mtsogolo. Good kunyumba kugwa, mpaka pano, njira wosadziwika! "Bakha, bakha, mzanga wokondedwa, mbewa mu udzu ndi kachilomboka wakuda, kulowa njira yolunjika, zimatengera ife kunyumba." Bakha ndi mbewa ndi kachilomboka anawatsogolera molunjika ku nyumba kumene iwo anayembekezera nkhomaliro. Achita scrambled, ndi zonenepa m'mimba kuimba nyimbo ndi kutsanulira nthabwala doupadu kuvina nkhani bakha ukwati.

Mu ndemanga kukongola izi sayenera.

musicality Lira

Edvard Lir anali woimba kwambiri. Iye ankakondedwa, iye nthaŵi zonse anawonekera ndi anzako. Iye adakhala pansi limba (by njira, palibe amene anaphunzitsa, anaphunzira Lear yekha) ndipo akuyamba kuchita zosiyanasiyana songs, monga Alfreda Tennisona ndakatulo, wotchuka kwambiri ndakatulo za nthawi. Ndipo iye Tennyson, munthu m'malo unsociable ndi wachisoni, anavomereza kuti wakonza zonse nyimbo za ndakatulo zake, iye mukhoza kungomva nyimbo Lira, china chirichonse si zabwino.

Kumapeto kwa moyo wa Lear anakhala mu Villa mu San Remo. Iye sanakwatire, nakhala moyo yoyamba. Edward anafa, ndipo apo, mu San Remo, anaikidwa. Moyo wa ntchito ndi kuyenda, anakhala Edvard Lir. Wambiri mwa ulaliki wathu watha.