Feteleza komanso nitrites. The kuwonongeka ku feteleza lapansi. Ku feteleza chakudya ndi madzi. Ku feteleza - ndi ...

Aliyense wa ife kamodzi pa moyo wake anakumana ndi zotsatira zoipa za ntchito mankhwala ndi ku feteleza. Munthu misonkhano imeneyi anapitiriza pang'ono matumbo matenda, ndi wina anakwanitsa kufika kuchipatala kwa nthawi yaitali anayang'ana pa mosamala zipatso ndi masamba agula kumsika. -Zabodza sayansi njira ndi kupanda kuzindikira unapangidwa chilombo nitrate, amatha ngakhale kupha, koma ndi ofunika timudziwe bwino mfundo izi bwino.

Feteleza komanso nitrites

Nitrite - ndi nitric asidi mchere, ndi mawonekedwe a mibulu. Iwo mosavuta sungunuka m'madzi, makamaka otentha. Mu lonse mafakitale amakonzedwa mwa mayamwidwe mpweya nitrous. Ntchito chopezera utoto monga oxidizing wothandizila m'mafakitale nsalu ndi tizitsulo usawonongeke.

Ku feteleza - mchere asidi nitric, poyamba dzina la nitrate. Iwo analandira pambuyo kukhudzana ndi zitsulo, asidi nitric, ndi mwa iwo okha ali oxidants amphamvu kwambiri. Mosavuta sungunuka m'madzi. nitrate kuwonongeka limapezekanso pa kutentha oposa mazana atatu madigiri centigrade. Ntchito yaikulu ya nitrate - ndi ulimi, koma ena mwa mankhwala ntchito pyrotechnics monga mabomba, komanso zigawo za mafuta roketi.

Nitrate ntchito pa moyo wa zomera

Chimodzi mwa zinthu zinayi zofunika amapanga thupi ndi asafe. Ndi chofunika kwa kaphatikizidwe wa zedi. Ku feteleza - ndi tinthu mchere amene ali zofunika kuchuluka kwa asafe kwa mbewu. Chosakanikirana ndi selo, izo yafupika mchere nitrite. Yotsirizira nawonso, mwa unyolo zochita mankhwala kufika ammonia. Ndipo nayenso, n'kofunika mapangidwe chlorophyll.

zachilengedwe a nitrate

Ndiwo nitrate ndi mu chikhalidwe cha nthaka yeniyeniyo. Pamene zinthu organic uli m'bukuli, mineralizing - anapanga ku feteleza. Liwiro ndondomeko izi zidalira pa ntchito m'dzikomo, nyengo ndi nthaka mtundu. Dziko lilibe zambiri asafe, kotero zachilengedwe si nkhawa ndi mapangidwe kwambiri kuchuluka kwa ku feteleza. Makamaka ntchito ya zaulimi (lalikulu, disking, ntchito okhazikika feteleza mchere) kuchepetsa asafe organic.

Choncho, zachilengedwe sangatengedwe kukhala ndi zoipa zopezeka a pansi ndipo kudzikundikira ku feteleza zomera.

magwero anthropogenic

Conventionally magwero anthropogenic akhoza kugawidwa mu ulimi, mafakitale, ndi zofunikira. Gulu loyamba zikuphatikizapo feteleza ndi zinyalala za nyama, chachiwiri - madzi zinyalala mafakitale ndi zinyalala. zimakhudza awo pa za kuwononga chilengedwe si chomwecho ndi zimadalira mfundo iliyonse chigawo chomwe mufuna.

Khama la nitrate mu zipangizo organic anapereka zotsatira izi:

- maperesenti oposa 50 - chifukwa cha kukolola;
- 20 peresenti - manyowa;
- 18 peresenti ya akuyandikira m'tawuni oyang'anira tauni zinyalala;
- china chirichonse - ndi zinyalala mafakitale.

Mavuto aakulu kwambiri anachititsa feteleza asafe omwe anadzetsa nthaka kuonjezera zokolola. Kuwonongeka kwa ku feteleza mu nthaka ndi zomera, ndipamene okwanira kuchuluka kwa nitrites kwa poyizoni chakudya. Intensification wa zaulimi okha pofuna kukwaniritsa zolinga vuto. Mlingo wokweretsa wa ku feteleza zindikirani m'ngalande zikuluzikulu zomwe amapezera madzi pambuyo kuthirira.

Amene amadza pa thupi la munthu

Feteleza komanso nitrites woyamba kusweka okha pakati pa makumi asanu ndi awiri a. Ndiyeno, madokotala Central Asia olembedwa mliri wa mavende poizoni. M'kupita kwa kufufuza izo anapezeka kuti zipatso ankachitira ndi nitrate ammonium ndipo mwina pang'ono overdone. Pambuyo nkhani imeneyi, akatswiri ndi akatswiri kumvetsa kuphunzira mogwirizana wa ku feteleza ndi zamoyo, munthu makamaka.

1. ku feteleza magazi kucheza ndi hemoglobin, ndi oxidized chitsulo ake constituent. Izi ndipamene methemoglobin, omwe sangathe kunyamula mpweya. Zimenezi zimabweretsa kusokoneza kupuma ma ndi makutidwe ndi okosijeni wa chilengedwe mkati.
2. Kusokoneza homeostasis, ku feteleza ukule wa microflora zoipa m'matumbo.
3. Zomera, ku feteleza yafupika vitamini wokhutira.
4. An ambiri osokoneza wa ku feteleza zingachititse mimba kapena kukanika kugonana.
5. Mu poyizoni aakulu ndi ku feteleza kuchepa kuchuluka kwa ayodini ndi chithokomiro compensatory kuwonjezeka.
6. Ku feteleza - ndi choyambitsa chinthu cha chitukuko cha zotupa a dongosolo m'mimba.
7. ku feteleza kwambiri kumwa mankhwala imodzi kungachititse kuti kugwa chifukwa kuwonjezeka mwadzidzidzi ngalawa yaing'ono.

Kagayidwe wa nitrate mu thupi

Ku feteleza - lachokera ku amoniya, amene kugwera thupi, ndi ophatikizidwa mu kagayidwe ndi kusintha izo. Zochepa, iwo alibe vuto. Chakudya ndi madzi ku feteleza ali odzipereka m'matumbo, kuwoloka kuchokera m'magazi ndi chiwindi ndi excreted ndi impsozo. Komanso, amayi unamwino ku feteleza kulowa mu mkaka wa m'mawere.

Pa kagayidwe ku feteleza kuwasandutsa nitrites, oxidized chitsulo himogulobini ndi kusokoneza unyolo kupuma. Kuti apange methemoglobin magalamu makumi awiri, zokwanira chimodzi chokha milligram wa nitrite ndi sodium. Mwachibadwa, ndi woipa methemoglobin mu madzi sayenera upambana angapo peresenti. Ngati chithunzi ichi limatuluka pamwamba makumi atatu, pali poizoni, ngati ali pamwamba pa makumi asanu - zimangokhala amapha.

Kulamulira mlingo wa methemoglobin mu thupi ndi metgemoglobinreduktaza. Izi enzyme chiwindi kuti m'thupi, kuyambira miyezi itatu moyo.

Chovomerezeka mlingo wa ku feteleza

Kumene, abwino kwa munthu - kupewa feteleza komanso nitrites kugwa mu thupi, koma sizichitika mu moyo weniweniwo. Choncho, ukhondo-AIDS siteshoni, madokotala anakhazikitsa malamulo a zinthu zimenezi, amene sakhoza kuwononga thupi.

Pakuti wamkulu ndi kulemera kwa makilogalamu oposa makumi imatengedwa chovomerezeka mlingo wa mamiligalamu 5 pa kilogalamu ya kulemera kwa thupi. Popanda mavuto aakulu kwa thanzi la akulu chingameze ku galamu theka la ku feteleza. Ana, chithunzi ichi kuposa pafupifupi - 50 mamiligalamu, kaya kulemera kapena zaka. Pa nthawi yomweyo ndi poyizoni khanda adzakhala okwanira, ndi mbali yachisanu ya mankhwalawa.

Njira ya lolowera

Pezani poyizoni ndi ku feteleza kungakhale alimentary njira, mwachitsanzo, mwa chakudya, madzi, mankhwala ndi ngakhale (ngati muli ku feteleza, mchere). Anthu oposa theka la mlingo tsiku la nitrate umalowa munthu ndi masamba atsopano ndi katundu zam'chitini. Yotsala ya mlingo umalowa kuphika, mkaka ndi madzi. Komanso, mbali yaing'ono ndi nitrate ndi kagayidwe kachakudya mankhwala opangidwa endogenously.

Ku feteleza mu madzi - ndi nthawi kulankhula. Iye - ndi zosungunulira konsekonse, kotero lili mchere osati ndi mme- zinthu zofunika pa moyo adalinso, komanso poizoni, ziphe, mabakiteriya helminths, ndiwo ankatumikira causative matenda oopsa. Malinga ndi World Health Organization, chifukwa khalidwe osauka a madzi chaka kudwala biliyoni anthu awiri, ndi mpweya ndi opitirira mamiliyoni atatu.

Mankhwala feteleza munali salt ammonium percolate kudzera nthaka ndi kulowa m'nyanja ya mobisa. Zimenezi zimabweretsa kudzikundikira nitrate, ndipo nthawizina iwo ukufika mamiligalamu mazana awiri pa lita. madzi Artesian kuyeretsa, monga yotengedwa zigawo zakuya, koma mukhoza kupeza poizoni. Anthu a kumidzi ndi madzi bwino kulandira mamiligalamu tsiku makumi asanu ndi atatu a ku feteleza ndi aliyense lita imodzi ya madzi akumwa.

Komanso, nitrate okhutitsidwa fodya kwambiri moti osuta ndi yaitali ubwenzi chifukwa poyizoni aakulu. Izi mtsutso wina mokomera polimbana ndi chizolowezi zoipa.

Ku feteleza chakudya

Pa kuphika kuchuluka kwa ku feteleza mu mankhwala amenewa yafupika kwambiri, koma nthawi yomweyo kuphwanya malamulo a yosungirako angachititse azisiyana. Nitrites, zinthu kwambiri poizoni kuti anthu, anapanga pa kutentha madigiri khumi ndi sate-faifi, makamaka ngati malo osungira chakudya pamene mpweya ndi osauka, ndipo pali kuwonongeka pa masamba kapena anayamba kuvunda. Nitrites inakhazikitsanso masamba thawed, Komano, kwambiri yozizira koopsa kumathandiza mapangidwe nitrites ndi ku feteleza.

Mu momwe akadakwanitsira yosungirako akhoza kuchepetsa nitrate mu mankhwala a peresenti makumi asanu.

nitrate poyizoni

Zizindikiro za poyizoni ndi ku feteleza:

- blueness cha milomo, nkhope ndi misomali;
- kunyansidwa ndi kusanza kungakhale ululu pamimba;
- yellowness cha azungu cha maso, wamagazi chimbudzi;
- mutu ndi tulo;
- noticeable kufupika kwa mpweya, palpitations, ndipo ngakhale imfa ya chikumbumtima.

Kudziwa zinthu zoipa zimenezi ndi wamphamvu pansi zinthu hypoxia Mwachitsanzo kumapiri kapena ndi carbon monoxide poyizoni kapena mphamvu mowa kuledzera. Ku feteleza kulowa intestine, kumene microflora zachilengedwe metabolizes iwo nitrites. Nitrite imatsala mu makope zokhudza zonse ndipo zidzakhudza hemoglobin. Zizindikiro zoyambirira za poyizoni akhoza m'malo ndi ola pa mkulu mlingo koyamba, kapena maola asanu ngati kuchuluka kwa ku feteleza anali ochepa.

Kumbukirani kuti pachimake poyizoni ndi ku feteleza mu mawonekedwe ake ofanana ndi kuledzera mowa.

N'zosatheka kupatukana moyo wathu nitrate, chifukwa ichi zidzakhudza m'mbali zonse za moyo wa munthu ku chakudya kubala. Komabe, tingayese kudziteteza ku mowa mwauchidakwa, zotsatirazi malamulo losavuta:

- Sambani zipatso ndi masamba musanadye chakudya;
- sitolo chakudya refrigerators kapena maofesi mwapadera;
- kumwa mwayeretsa madzi.