German ndege "Messerschmitt-262": mbiri ya chilengedwe, kapangidwe, zithunzi

Mkulu-liwiro turbojet womenya-interceptor Messerschmitt INE-262 Schwalbe ( «Messerschmitt INE-262 kumeza") anaonekera nkhondo yekha mu 1944. Sitingathe motsimikiza, galimoto imeneyi chinali choti ntchito zomwe. Zatsopano ndi ndege anapitiriza ngakhale nkhondo. Iye anali womenya (kuphatikizapo usiku), yoponya mabomba ndi reconnaissance ndege. makina anali wosakwatiwa ndi iwiri, kuphana ndi maphunziro. Iwo anakhazikitsa dongosolo zatsopano za ankafika akhungu, makina ounikira zida anayesedwa zowoneka komanso mfuti ya calibers zosiyanasiyana, komanso zida zambiri experimental. makampani German linatulutsidwa pa Mabaibulo 25 la ndegeyo.

"Messerschmitt-262" anali yoyamba misa limapanga kwakusiyana injini, kutenga mbali mwachindunji mu nkhondoyi. The Germany kuti "kumeza» (Schwalbe), Achimereka ndi British - "Petrel» (Petrel). Mpaka kumapeto kwa nkhondo makampani German 1433 makina zinalembedwa. Choncho, "Messerschmitt INE-262" tinganene kuti kwambiri ambiri ndege ndege ya nkhondo yachiwiri.

Mbiri ya ndege

Mwina palibe ndege chitsanzo kakusintha mavuto ambiri mu ndondomeko ya mapangidwe ake, monga "Messerschmitt-262". Mbiri ya chilengedwe cha makina, chitukuko ndi kubweretsa kwa kuŵeta zovuta osati ndi kuchedwa malamulo komanso kusowa ndalama, komanso zosiyanasiyana mavuto sayansi.

kuwuluka Kwake koyamba, monga akunenera A. Speer - nduna ya manja German, ndege anapanga mwezi pamaso pa matenda asilikali German pa Soviet Union. Mu chitsanzo choyamba, ine 262 ali injini pisitoni ankagwiritsa ntchito. Komabe, iwo sanali mphamvu zokwanira. Chaka chotsatira anaganiza ntchito injini ndege Jumo-004, zomwe zachitika ndipo anayamba kubala kotheratu "Junkers".

mbiri amadziwa zambiri pamene zaluso kubwera lisachitike mtengo wonse wa mbadwo wakale wa zida. "Messerschmitt-262" tinganene kuti mmodzi wa iwo. The ntchito makina atsopano kutsogolo kwa ndege mdani anali zoonekeratu, koma matenda ubwana wa chuma German akhala chopinga chachikulu kwa kuŵeta ake.

Mwa mavuto zazikulu zimene dogged chitukuko la ndegeyo mu mbiri yake monga zotsatirazi: Choyamba, kusadalirika kwa Jumo injini ndege, zomwe zili ndi "Messerschmitt-262". Iwo anagwira ntchito wosadalirika kwambiri mu mlengalenga rarefied ndi chofunika yaitali ndi mosamala elaboration. Chachiwiri, tayala wokwera pa undercarriage gudumu komanso si wosiyana khalidwe. Iwo nthawi zambiri amaphulika pamene tidakocheza, koma ankafika liwiro la ndegeyo anali 190 okha km / h. Pamodzi ndi asilikali zovuta ndi mavuto a za ndale ku Germany ndiponso kulephera kusankha zochita lamulo apamwamba pomanga ndege watsopano, zinthu izi zinachititsa kuti mfundo yakuti "Messerschmitt INE-262" (chithunzi pamwambapa) anaonekera ku munda wa nkhondo mu theka lachiwiri la 1944, ndi kuchedwa theka-pachaka . Iye sakanakhoza kukhala chozizwitsa chida, amene ankaganiza kuti Adolf Hitler, chikanathandiza Germany atengenso mphamvu mu airspace a ku Ulaya. Koma akanatha chinachitika.

Pamene ziwonongeke zonse kukonza, ndi okonza German, zinadziwika kuti onse ntchito makhalidwe za makina atsopano yatsala utsalira magawo a anagwirizana ndege. Anamanga ndege "Messerschmitt-262" akhoza ankaona mwaluso za makampani zoweta ndege.

mafotokozedwe

Atsopano chitsanzo ndege "Messerschmitt-262", pomanga omwe si anafanana ndege makina masiku ano, izo zoyendetsedwa ndi awiri turbofan injini ndi mapiko molunjika zikulilima. The pazipita kayendedwe liwiro anali pafupi 850 Km / h. A kutalika mamita 9000 iye agonjetse 7 Mphindi. Zolemba malire okwera zaka 11, 000 meters. Zida tisaiwale anayi 30mm MK 108 Cannon, aliyense bomba kuti mosavuta kubweretsa pansi yoponya mabomba lolemera. Iwo anakonza awiriawiri aliyense wa mapiko, mmodzi pamwamba pa ena. Panalinso kuthekera khazikitsa mpaka 12 maroketi unguided.

Anagwirizana anachita zikamera wa "Messerschmitt-262"

Kuli azikhala European Sky ogwirizana anadabwa kwambiri ndi maonekedwe a INE-262. Koposa zonse, iyi si anadabwa ngati yoponya mabomba American, anazolowera kuchita anawazunza wogwiritsa masana pa mizinda German ndipo maofesi a asilikali. Zinaoneka pang'ono ndi mwayi zonse mu mlengalenga adzataika.

Koma kuthandiza Anglo-America, Adolf Hitler anadza mosayembekezeka. chakuti poyambirira a ku Germany bwino ntchito ndege "Messerschmitt-262" monga womenya-interceptor. Mtsogoleri kwambiri akufuna ntchito ndegeyo monga yoponya mabomba mkulu-liwiro, angathe si powasamalira omenyana chitsutso, kusokoneza maonekedwe a adani powonekera Loona za nkhondoyi.

oyendetsa German chatsopano m'badwo galimoto

Mu 1943, kuyesa galimoto latsopano kudaoneka kwa panokha mkulu wa womenya ndege ya Luftwaffe General Adolf Galland. The zidindo ananena yochepa akuti: "Galimoto anali kuwulutsa ngati angelo." Malinga ndi woyendetsa wina, Jörg Stsypionski, "Messerschmitt-262" (zithunzi zomwe uli m'nkhani) sanali makamaka kovuta kukwanitsa. Chinthu chachikulu - kuchita chilichonse malinga ndi malangizo, ndiye makina adzadzikuza mwakachetechete ndiponso sadzakhala ayi. Chifukwa mlingo lalitali makamaka mu nthawi kuti akakole pamaso mdani ndege nkhondo. Pankhaniyi, woyendetsa anakhala mfumu malo.

The armament ndege anali amphamvu kuti ananyoza chimodzi chinali chokwanira kuti zonse izo zatha. Komabe, ngakhale oyendetsa odziwa sanali mophweka kulimbana ndi makina Shrew. Panafunika kofunika kukonzanso maphunziro, ntchito yomwe inkafuna nthawi yambiri.

Womenya za "Yagdferband 744 (J744)»

Mmodzi wa otsutsa categorical a Hitler ndi Goering zothetsera ntchito womenya "Messerschmitt-262" monga yoponya mabomba anali mkulu wa Luftwaffe womenya ndege, msirikali wakale wa Nkhondo ya Britain, Adolf Galland. Mu January 1945, pa msonkhano, omwe anali nawo kasamalidwe gulu lonse la ndege ku Germany, iye anasonyeza poyera kukayikira zoti yamtunduwu wa Goering kazembe wa mpweya zombo za dziko. Chifukwa cha ambiri otsutsa inaimitsidwa ku ofesi. Komabe, iye sanafooke.

Pofuna kutsimikizira mfundo zawo, Galland anapereka kupanga kugwirizana wapadera lamulo lake, akuphunzitsa ndege ake "Messerschmitt INE-262." Mapangidwe ogwira, pakati ena analembetsa Gerhard Barhorna (pa nthawiyo anali 301 mlengalenga chigonjetso), Heinz Baer (220 yapambana), Walter Krupinski (197 yapambana), Johannes Shteynhoffa (176 yapambana), Günther Lutzow (108 alionse m'dzikoli pali) ndi Al. pawiri The dzina lake "gawo Wankhondo" Yagdferband 744 (J744) ».

Short yonena "Yagdferband 744 (J744)»

Mu March 1945, likulu la kugwirizana latsopano lili pa ndege Munich-Riem, kumene ndipo anayamba abera armadas wa anagwirizana zoponya mabomba anapanga masana anawazunza Germany. Pa mwezi wa chatsopanochi izi mayunitsi osankhika mpweya kunali kale 45 ndege anawomberedwa pansi anagwirizana ndege. Koma zinatha yaitali. May 3, 1945, iye anagonjetsedwa ndi adani ku Salzburg.

Adolf Galland nayenso sanali amakana helm la ndegeyo. Iye anatenga gawo mu ntchito zambiri kukakumana anagwirizana zoponya mabomba anawazunza. April 25, pamene wina wa iwo anamenyedwa ndi American womenya chivundikiro "Ripablik P-47." Woyendetsa anavulazidwa mu maondo onse ndipo sanathe bwino kuika womenya wake kumunda zinamenyanitsa ndi zimaphala.

Chigonjetso German oyendetsa

Chigonjetso woyamba kumbuyo gudumu la ndege "Messerschmitt-262" adagonja ndi Adolf Schreiber. Izi zinachitika chochitika June 26, 1944. Kuwonjezera oyendetsa awa "Messerschmitt-262" anathandiza kutchuka Franz Schall - pa ine 262, iye yagoletsa 14 yapambana (okwana 137), Herman Buchner - 12 (58), George Peter Ederi - 12 (78), Erich Rudorferu - 12 (222) , Carl Shnorreru - 11 (46), Johannes Steinhoff - 6 (176), Walter Nowotny (okwana 248 alionse m'dzikoli pali), ndipo ena.

oyendetsa German kuti "Messerschmitt-262" ndi invulnerable kuti molimba mtima kumenyana ndi manambala apamwamba kwambiri kuposa za mdani wawo. Mwachitsanzo, March 19, 1945 28 oyendetsa German, pokhala pa helm a "Mesershmittov-262", sanali mantha kukamenyana ndi mtambo waukulu wa ndege American, wopangidwa mwa zoponya mabomba 1,300 ndi 750 womenya chivundikirocho. Ngakhale manambala awo ang'ono, adakhoza overclock chinaima kaye lonse, kuteteza zolengeza pa imodzi mwa malo mu Germany.

Monga ogwirizana nkhondo INE-262

Mu nkhondo mwachindunji ndi "Messerschmitt-262" ndege iliyonse anagwirizana kuti amwalira ndi kugonjetsedwa. Anamwalira liwiro, kuzemba ndi mphamvu zake zankhondo, chigonjetso sankakhoza ngakhale sindingazikwanitse. Koma Achilles chidendene anapezeka. Ngakhale mmodzi. chakuti ndege womenya "Messerschmitt-262" anaonekera kukhala osatetezeka kwambiri pa zinthu zofunika ndi ndegeyo. Pa nthawi imeneyi, ndipo anaganiza wina uliwonse amatsutsana naye.

Mu malo oyamba magulu onse anaponyedwa pa kufufuza a aerodromes, amene zochokera German "kumeza". Pambuyo pake, msewu wonyamukira ndege awo chinaperekedwa ku bombardment opanda chifundo. Izi anali wothira nthaka tsiku lililonse. Zinatha malinga ngati "Messerschmitt-262" lagona pa ndege, osati kuwapititsa ku malo ena.

Tikudziwanso zina chiwonongeko "Messers" Ndegeyi. Choncho, October 7, 1944, mkulu Urban Drew, akuuluka m'dera la mdani, anaona kuti tiyambe ndi ndege angapo Jets. Ntchito mwayi wa msinkhu ndi liwiro, woyendetsa molimba mtima anaukira mdani ndi mfuti pansi awiri, osalola liwiro oyimba.

Zingapo INE-262 anawonongedwa mu nkhondo ya mlengalenga. Choncho, November 8, 1944 mmodzi wa aces wa Luftwaffe Walter Nowotny, amene anawomberedwa pansi pamaso 258 ndege mdani pa kugwirizana kuukira American yoponya mabomba anawomberedwa pansi ndi mmodzi mwa asilikali ake kuphimba "Mustang P-51."

Features "Messerschmitt-262"

M'litali ndege ndi 10,6 m, kutalika - 3.8 m, wingspan - 12,5 m, malo mapiko -. 21,8 mamita Kunenepa magalimoto kanthu anali 3800 makilogalamu, munthu wabwinobwino zofunika kulemera - 6400 makilogalamu, pazipita zofunika kulemera - 7140 kg. Othandiza Nyamulani denga ndi 11 Km kutali. Liwiro pazipita kutalika pazipita anali 855 Km / h. Pa mikono inkakhala 4 mfuti MK - 108 komweko akhoza kukhazikitsa 12 R4M unguided mivi.

Opambana ndege "Messerschmitt-262": adani

Opambana ndege "Messerschmitt" mwa ogwirizana, osati kwambiri. Nthawi zambiri German "kumeza" anawononga pa nthaka, osati kuwapatsa mwayi kuti adzauka. Komabe, anatsitsidwa "Messerschmitt-262" analembedwa chilungamo George. Bendraulta (386 FS), mkulu Mueller (353rd FG), Major H. Connor (78th FG), alonda woyendetsa Bob Cole ( 3 squadron RAF), Lt. Mwanawankhosa (78th FG), Wilson Lt. (401 ine Canada mpweya squadron) ndi ena.

Opambana ndege "Messerschmitt-262": East Front

Kuwonjezera pa European Western zamasewero ku ntchito, panali "Messerschmitt-262" ndipo pa East Front. Komabe, nkhani imeneyi woumira ndithu. Komabe, mndandanda wa Wopambana wa "Messerschmitt-262" mumakhala mayina ndi aces Soviet. Yololedwa mwalamulo downed ndege "Messers" chifukwa lake Ivan Kozhedub Leo Sivko, Ivan Kuznetsov Yakov Okolepov ndi dzina lake Aleksandr Dolgunov. Mwina mndandanda ayenera m'gulu mayina awiri awa: Harry Merkviladze, Pilot 152 TH alonda Regiment ndi Vladimir E. ku 402 TH Wankhondo Mapiko.

Komabe, chitsimikiziro cha zipambano zawo yachokera anapeza.

Pomaliza

Pakuti World nkhondo II onse German makampani inamangidwa anatumizidwa kunkhondo ya ndege mu 1433, "Messerschmitt-262" kuphatikizapo zosintha zosiyanasiyana. Komabe, si magalimoto onse nawo maudani. Kusowa kwa mafuta, kusowa ndodo oyenerera ndi kupanda airfields abwino kunyumba (galimoto chofunika anawonjezera msewu wonyamukira ndege) anachita mbali yofunika kwambiri mu tsoka la woyamba ndege ndege dziko "Messerschmitt INE-262." Koma iye anasiya chizindikiro yofunika kwambiri m'mbiri ya ndege dziko. Ataonekera wake chinali chiyambi cha nthawi ya ndege ndege.