Franz Lefort: yochepa yonena

Petrine zinachitika Russian amakhalabe mmodzi wa wofuna kwambiri mlingo wa kusintha kwakukulu imene imaona njira yonse ya moyo wa dziko lalikulu. Achinyamata mfumu, ngakhale mphamvu zake ndi wolimba mtima, kuyambira kuchiyambi kwa ufumu akufunika thandizo ndi malangizo posankha malangizo, njira ndi zipangizo kuti kusinthika awo. Iye anapeza mfundo mwa anzathu amene anamvetsa bwino lomwe kufunika kwa kusintha, ndi anthu achilendo, moyo ndi maganizo amene waona ena mbali latsopano la dziko, limene anamanga. Franz Lefort anali mmodzi wa mabwenzi okhulupirika Petra Velikogo, mwa kukhoza kwa anatumikira mokhulupirika mfumu ndi nyumba yatsopano.

Banja la amalonda

Makolo a Peter asilikali anafika ku Piedmont - Province kumpoto kwa Italy. labambo awo, woyamba adawomba ngati Lefortti, ndiye, pamene anasamukira Switzerland, anali kusandulika kalembedwe French - Le Fort.

Ntchito yaikulu amakhala ndalama wabwino Lefort anali chandlery (mankhwala banja: vanishi, utoto, sopo) malonda. Malonda ntchito wodikira, ndipo Francois, amene anabadwa mu 1656 ku Geneva ndi kale wamng'ono wa ana asanu Yakoba Le Fort. Pa kuumirira kwa atate wake Frants Lefort pambuyo Geneva Collegium (sekondale sukulu) mu 1670 anapita ku Marseilles kuphunzira ntchito malonda.

Anabadwira ntchito

The wamtali, wooneka bwino, mphamvu, agile ndipo mwamsanga-witted, mokondwera ndi wachinyamata wachangu munthu sangathe kulingalira moyo tsogolo lawo monga adayimilira kumbuyo kauntala kapena atakhala pa tebulo. Franz Lefort, amene mbiri anali kukhala kubwereza kwa njira wolemera wa moyo wa bambo ake ndiponso achibale wapamtima anathawa wamalonda, ndi cholinga chophunzitsa iye ndizosowa bizinezi, mudzi wa Marseilles, pamene iye analowa usilikali ngati cadet a.

Chifukwa chokwiya ndi willfulness mwana wake, Yakobo Lefort umafuna kubweranso kwa mwana wake kunyumba. Mokhwima Calvinist analeredwa salola Franz kusamvera mutu wa banja, ndipo pobwera wake ku Geneva, iye amapita ku ntchito mu shopu.

Panapita zaka zitatu pamaso Franz analandira kuchokera chilolezo bambo ndi banja lake kupita ku utumiki lankhondo la Duke wa Courland. M'chaka mochedwa 1675 iye amayendera Geneva kutenga nawo mbali mu ntchito kunkhondo ku bwalo la zamasewero la Franco-Dutch nkhondo.

Pa pempho la tsar Russian

nkhondo European a nthawi imeneyo zinali zambiri "mercenaries" makamu, anaitana olamulira ambiri mabungwe ang'onoang'ono boma akumeneko. "Msilikali wa mwayi» XVII zaka anakhala Franz Lefort. Mwachidule yonena za akatswiriwa nkhondo zambiri ndi mndandanda wa maulendo pofunafuna moyo wabwino.

nkhani mtendere inayamba mu Holland. Disinherited pambuyo pa imfa ya bambo ake, Lefort avomera kuitana kwa Dutch msilikali wamkulu Van Frostena, kudzisonkhanitsa timu pa kuyitana kwa Russian Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich, ndi kumapeto kwa 1675, iye ali Arkhangelsk, ndipo chaka chamawa - mu Moscow.

German kuthetsa

Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich ndi nthawi imene anamwalira, mpando wachifumu anali mwana wake - Fyodor. zaka zitatu Panapita Lefort analandira usilikali ndi udindo wa mkulu. Pa nthawi iyi, iye anakakhala ku likulu la Muscovy, anakakhala kotala German, anzanga ndi azungu, amene ankakhala mu Moscow kwa nthawi yaitali. Mmodzi mwa anthu amene amafuna kuphunzira zilankhulo, pofuna kumvetsa miyambo ndiponso anakhala Franz Lefort. Mtundu alendo okhala kuthetsa anali zosiyanasiyana. Special makonzedwe a Franz anali ku Scotland Patrick Gordon, Peter Mtsogolo ambiri. Iye ngakhale anakwanitsa kukwatira mwana wamkazi wa ochokera England msilikali wamkulu Sug - Elizabeth.

Kumapeto kwa 1678 Lefort (France Ya - monga anadziwika mu Muscovy) anaikidwa mkulu wa kampani, membala wa Kyiv asilikali, analamula Gordon. Kwa zaka ziwiri ali utumiki pambali asilikali mu Kiev, anatenga gawo mu yokopa ndi anthu Crimea. Lefort anasangalala malo Prince Vasily Golitsyn, wotchuka ovomereza-Western maganizo.

Mu 1681 Lefort linatuluka pa tchuthi kunyumba. Mu Geneva, banja anayesa kumukopa kuti asabwerere kwa dziko zachilendo ndi kupitiriza kutumikira mu Europe. Koma Francois tavomera bwino Moscow, anabwerera ndi kuthetsa German.

Crimea yokopa

Atabwerera ku Moscow anapeza kusintha boma la Russia. Atamwalira Tsar Fedor pa ufumu anali korona wachifumu abale Ivan ndi Peter, pansi pa regency ya mlongo wawo - imperious, wofuna Sophia. Prince Golitsyn anali kum'konda kwambiri wake, ndiponso kulimbikitsa ulamuliro wa mfumukazi zothandiza awiri ndi Crimea Turkey. Onse msonkhano analephera chifukwa kukonzekera osauka, koma Lefort, limodzi nakhala mtsogoleri wamkulu, anakhala msilikali skilful, ndipo posakhalitsa analimbikitsidwa kuti msilikaliyo.

Kwa olemba mbiri ena akukhulupirira kuti kulephera kwa wachiwiri Crimea kampeni (1689) akukokomeza, monga mmene zingakhalire, koma atangochoka mphamvu Sophia potsiriza zinaleka: mu Moscow anaimirira latsopano mfumu - Petr.

Peter rapprochement

Chonyezimira European, anzeru ndi wokongola, wophunzira ndiponso wodziwa kapitawo Franz Lefort posakhalitsa anakhala singasiyanitsidwe bwenzi achinyamata mfumu. Iye Petro kupeza mayankho a mafunso ambiri ndi dongosolo la boma, ndi yokonza asilikali imayenera, ndi pa kusintha kwa moyo m'njira European.

Chifukwa kugwirizana anakhazikitsa Geneva, Franz nayamba pa pempho la achifumu wina mwachangu anaitanidwa Muscovy la akatswiri, shipbuilders, gunsmiths ndi akatswiri ochokera ku Ulaya, imene Petulo anamva sangathe kwambiri.

Nyumba Lefort kotala German anali mmodzi wa ulemerero bwino ndi anthu ndipo anali malo abwino kwambiri kukumana ngati okonda makampani ambiri amene Petulo anali atamuzungulira. Iye ananena kuti ndalama kwa chipangizo m'nyumba Lefort holo lalikulu, limene mfumu wamng'ono akhoza kuchoka malo ndiwofatsa a boma la Russia kuti ataye nthawi njira European.

Pa nthawi ya kubadwa kwa wolowa nyumba mu 1690 mu Moscow analengeza zisomo ambiri mundandanda wa Petro. Osati sanasankhidwe ndi Lefort. Franz Yakovlevich anakhala Major General.

Lefortovo Sloboda

Pa pempho la Lefort ankafuna kulenga mu Moscow khamu zonse, kumanzere banki ya Yauza kuonetsetsa danga kwa kampu ya asilikali. Apo panali bungwe lalikulu perete pansi, lomwe ndinkakhala nalo ndi kubowola kwambiri ndi maphunziro mwatsatanetsatane, m'chipindacho anamangapo ndi nyumba akuluakulu. Pang'onopang'ono apo chinapangidwa malo okhala m'mizinda, tsopano wodziwika ndi dzina la Lefortovo.

Major General Lefort ndi mphamvu anayamba kukonzekera mtundu watsopano wa asilikali Russian. Kukonza ntchito ya udindo pa chitsanzo European adafuna mwambo okhwima chilango ndi mkulu bwino wa asilikali ndi alonda. Pa ayendetsa - "zoseketsa maulendo" - anasonyeza mtima munthu payekha, anali pang'ono anavulala.

Maulendo kuti Azov

Mu 1695 ndi 1696 a nkhondo kum'mwera, adali cholinga chofuna kupindulapo mwayi kwa Black Sea ndi Turkey kuopseza kutsekereza malire a kum'mwera kwa Russia zidalengedwa. Franz Lefort ndi Peter 1 pa mabizinezi izi mu mgwirizano zonse ndi pafupi. Pa itachita ya linga la Azov Lefort anali kutsogolo pomenyana ndi ngakhale panokha analanda mdani mbendera.

Pa yokonza gawo lachiwiri la kum'mwera nkhondo Lefort anakhala asilikali a zombo. Peter pa udindowu sanabwere kuchokera kwambiri flotovodcheskih Franz luso iye analibe. Iye anali akhama pa ntchito n'kofunika, mphamvu, nzeru, kuona mtima Lefort, kudzipereka wake kwa Mfumu. Iwo ankafunika kumanga zombo kwa achinyamata Russian zombo, maphunziro a oyeretsa. Pa nkhondo yachiwiri Lefort anasankhidwa mkulu wa asilikali apanyanja.

akazembe kwambiri

M'chaka cha 1697 mu Moscow ntchito za mgwirizano wa mayiko a anthu 250 anapita ku Ulaya. Mutu wa anthu amene anatumidwa anali Lefort, Peter misonkhano ndi munthu payekha. Cholinga cha "Great ofesi ya kazembe" anali kukwaniritsa mogwirizana ndi mayiko a ku Ulaya ndi ku Turkey Ufumu, ndi mfumu wamng'ono anafuna kukwaniritsa chidwi yekha njira Loona za moyo, nkhondo yatsopano ndi umisiri wamba.

Pa ulendo European, Lefort anali nduna mkulu wa ofesi ya kazembe. Iye anatsogolera yogwira nkhani za mgwirizano wa mayiko, anatsogolera madyerero, zinagwirizana ndi andale European, anayankhula ndi anthu amene ankafunitsitsa kuyamba utumiki Russian. Iye adagawana ndi mfumu okha yonse ya ulendo wanu ku England.

M'chaka cha 1698 ku Mosca analandira uthenga za musketeers chiwembu kuti anapanga Petulo ndi anzake kuti abwerere yomweyo Russia.

imfa kwambiri

Atabwerera ku Lefort likulu monga mfumu nawo mayesero a zigawenga oponya mivi pamene pali umboni za matchalitchi chiwembu likhale la kupereka misa, nawo limene ndinakanitsitsa.

Kumveka ulendo ku Ulaya pa Yauza inamangidwa pa nyumba Lefort ali nazo, kunapatsidwa kwa iye ndi Peter. Koma mkulu wa asilikali omwe anali kukondwerera zapamwamba housewarming. Chakumapeto February, thanzi lake mofulumira sakuyenda. Kuleza mtima kwake adzazunzidwa zotsatira za kugwa kwa kavalo amene anali naye pa nthawi ya kampeni Azov. Kumapeto kwa February 1699 iye anali ndi ozizira, akudwala malungo ndi 2 March chaka chomwecho anafa.

Iyo inali imfa yaikulu kwa Mfumu Peter. Iye ananena kuti wataya bwenzi lathu lenileni la anzawo wokhulupirika, amene tsopano n'kofunika kwambiri.

Mabwenzi enieni, komanso adani oopsa, ndipo anali Lefort. Franz Yakovlevich, kanthawi yonena omwe ndi ofanana ndi chiwembu cha pa ulendo buku, ena achititsa ndi ulemu waukulu, ena - udani moto. Ambiri mwina, iye anali E yaikulu ya kusintha Petrine, zikuwoneka gawo la mbiri yakale. Koma kupanga iye yekha geyi mnzake wa mfumu, monga ena amanenera, nayenso, amadera kuponderezedwa. Patsogolo pathu - moyo wa munthu yowala, ndi msempha uliwonse wa mtima wanga ine ndikukhumba kulemera kwa dziko, amene anakhala kunyumba yake yachiwiri.