Tselinnik - ndani izi? Zaka chitukuko cha m'mayiko namwali

Nikita Khrushchev mu 1953, kukhala dongosolo, kwambiri kuwonjezeka ulimi wa Soviet Union kuti kuchepetsa njala anavutika ndi anthu a dziko. Komabe, chiyembekeza osati kudzaza amafuna zofunika, koma nayenso amayesetsa upambana ntchito a m'mayiko a Azungu pa kugula mbewu tirigu.

Kukhala ndi ndondomeko yeniyeni kusintha kupanga

Mu September chaka chomwecho kupita Plenum m'Komiti ya Central, ndi thandizo la m'kupita koma Khrushchev yekha, othandizira awiri, akonzi zingapo "Choonadi" ndi Katswiriyu wina, kuti aone kuopsa kwa mavuto a ulimi. Kale Georgy Malenkov analandira ngongole kwa kusintha kuti athetse vuto agrarian mu dziko. Izo zimayenera kuchepetsa msonkho ndi kulimbikitsa ziwembu ulimi payekha.

Tsopano Nikita Khrushchev anapereka dongosolo limene anadalira pa chitukuko cha m'mayiko namwali mu Kazakhstan. mahekala mamiliyoni khumi m'dziko kale nakulitsa ankayenera kuti analima nakulitsa. dziko ili m'mphepete lamanja la mtsinje wa Volga pa malire a North Caucasus, Western Siberia ndi kumpoto Kazakhstan.

Kapena zotsutsa chitukuko cha dziko latsopano

Kazakhstan mtsogoleri chipani Shayahmetov mwapadera underplayed zokolola angathe m'mayiko namwali. Iye sanafune m'dera Chikazaki anali pansi pa ulamuliro Russian. Anthu ambiri akutsogolera wa chipanichi, monga Molotov, Malenkov ndi Kaganovich, anali ndi chitukuko cha dziko lapansi latsopano, ndipo anafotokoza maganizo olakwika. Celina Pakufunika ndalama yaikulu, dongosolo sikunathandize yosafuna ku nkhani amazionera.

Koma Khrushchev analimbikira kuti ndalama yaikulu m'dziko latsopano ukulimidwa - ichi ndi njira yokha ene yakwendera kuwonjezeka kwambiri zokolola mu nthawi yochepa. A landers namwali - awa ndi anthu omwe azitsogolera ulimi wa mayiko mlingo watsopano.

Timapepala miliyoni makumi atatu ofunika ulendo

M'malo kuonetsetsa ndalama kwa anthu wamba ntchito m'dera Khrushchev anayamba njira yapadera kukopa antchito atsopano kuti adziwe. Anayang'ana malonda ili ngati ulendo zokomera kuti wachinyamata Soviet. Kampeni unachitikira ku sukulu, mwa ana a makalasi maphunziro komanso mabungwe maphunziro. Ndipo woyamba namwali landers - zikwi zana Komsomol odzipereka. M'chaka cha 1954 anapita ku mayiko latsopano.

Pambuyo yokolola woyamba Nikita Sergeevich Hruschev adakula zolinga koyamba, ndipo tsopano akulima anapatsidwa si 13 miliyoni mahekitala wa dziko ndi za 30. Mu nthawi kuchokera 1954 mpaka 1958 (zaka ndi chitukuko cha m'mayiko namwali) boma anakhala miliyoni 30,7 rubles kwa kulima latsopano dziko.

Kunabweretsa dziko yokolola namwali

Cacikulu khasu ulimi pa nthaka namwali kuchuluka kupanga mbewu ndi kuchepetsa njala mu m'malo yochepa. Chotero pamlingo waukulu ndi bwino koyamba kwa msonkhano anali kunena kufunika kwa chintchito mbiri. Koma, koma, yaikulu yopanga mbewu fluctuation chaka ndi chaka ndi kutha kwapang'onopang'ono zokolola sayesedwa wolungama ziyembekezo za Nikita Khrushchev mu kufufuza kuposa deta kusonkhanitsa mbewu US ndi 1960.

Ndi chiyambi cha 1955 200 zikwi mathirakitala kutumizidwa m'mayiko namwali, analenga 425 minda boma, ndipo okwana mahekitala 30 miliyoni a m'dzikolo anali ukulimidwa, amene 20 anali zosungikira zokolola. Chifukwa cha dziko lino namwali Kazakhstan zifukwa khama, okwana tirigu kupanga m'dziko chaka chino anali ndi maperesenti 60 kuposa zokolola za tirigu zapakati pa 1949 mpaka 1953.

nyengo, kapena anadabwa, amene anali kuperekedwa ndi namwali. chithunzi

Koma chifukwa cha chilala, ndipo amapezeka m'madera a Kazakhstan, m'madera analima alandira yokha chakhumi ndi chokwanira cha mpweya za tirigu chaka chamawa yokolola anagwa ndi 35 peresenti. Pa nthawi imeneyo, Khrushchev anakakamizika kuvomereza zotuluka pa mfundo zina yotsutsana ndi maganizo kukhala ndi m'mayiko namwali ndipo ngati kufufuza m'mayiko ena ambiri. Koma, ngakhalebe, iye anapitiriza kunena kuti chifukwa cha dongosolo mukapambana ndipo reimburse ndalama.

1956 kunapezeka kuti bwino kwambiri mbewu chaka. Zokolola mbewu ndi m'mayiko namwali peresenti 180 poyerekeza ndi makhalidwe yapita pafupifupi. Atalimbikitsidwa ndi bwino anayamba ndi zomwe zagwiridwa kale ndondomeko, Nikita Sergeevich Hruschev ngakhale anabwera ena zigawo za dziko namwali, imene alimi anali kuperekedwa zosiyanasiyana mphatso ndalama, mphatso, ndipo ndalama ofanana.

The vuto lalikulu, kapena kuchepa ntchito

M'dera limene mayiko namwali chinazikidwa, wopangidwa makamaka a midzi akumidzi ndi anthu yaing'ono. Tselinnik - anali anthu amene makamaka kukopedwa pa chitukuko cha m'mayiko ena. Makamaka chifukwa cha kumidzi yosauka, ana amasiye ndi Komsomol okonda. zinthu losauka, zapangitsa anthu ambiri kale mu miyezi yochepa pamodzi ndi kusiya aziopa dera.

Chifukwa emigration zonse anakhalabe kusowa zoopsa za anthu oti. Komanso, chifukwa chakuti anthu anali kubwera mnyamata wachibwana, iwo analibe luso ntchito yabwino monga mathirakitala ndi Chili, komanso malo ena a ulimi. Pa dziko namwali 24 000 akatswiri osiyanasiyana anatumizidwa ku madera a Kazakhstan pa chitukuko cha m'mayiko ena, koma 14,000 wa pafupifupi nthawi yomweyo anasiya ntchito chifukwa cha zinthu losauka.

Chosowa zipangizo ndi zida zosinthira

Sungani ndi mavuto ena kuti sapeka zinthu yabwino kwa chitukuko cha ulimi, ngakhale khama la Nikita Khrushchev mu yobereka m'mayiko namwali zida za ulimi. Anatumiza pafupifupi hardware kumene kumasulidwa ku mafakitare Russian Koma chosowa zipangizo m'madera anayamba adakali bwinobwino anamvera. Pa 1959 ku Kazakhstan iliyonse mahekitala 218 m'dziko nkhani thalakitala chimodzi chokha.

Dziko sanathe kutulutsa chiwerengero cha makina zinatengera mogwirizana ndi patsogolo mwadzidzidzi m'madera afesedwa. Komanso, mbali ya zipangizo anafunikira kukonza ophweka, komanso anakhalabe chofunika. Chifukwa cha zimenezi, ambiri a thalakitala si ntchito, ndi chifukwa mulibe mbali zokwanira yopuma kuchotsa kuwonongeka elemental.

Nyengo ndi nthaka makhalidwe

Khasu ulimi sali woyenera kuti kulibe m'madera louma. Mbali dziko namwali analandira millimeters okha 200 350 a mvula pa chaka. Ndipo kawirikawiri, anagwa mu July ndi August, pamene tirigu ndi kucha, kapena nthawi yokolola. chilala anadza masika, pa nthawi imene achinyamata mwana mphukira ali akuvutika kwambiri chinyezi.

Komanso, nthawi zomera anali wamfupi kwambiri. mphepo yamphamvu inachititsa kukokoloka kwa nthaka, chomwenso ndi yodziwika komanso okhutira mkulu mchere. Ambiri mwina, chifukwa ndi yaikulu kuchepa pang'onopang'ono zokolola tirigu m'mayiko namwali pambuyo 1959.

Oika ntchito zinthu, kapena ankatha anthu Soviet

Anthu amene ankagwira ntchito zabwino za dziko, kukhala ulimi pafupifupi osayenera dera - ndi landers namwali. Photo lamanzere nthawi zikusonyeza kumwetulira awo lachisangalalo zithunzi zina mungathe kuwona momwe iwo amaitcha kapena mphoto. Koma ngati anthu amenewa ndikudziwa kuti ambiri a khama lawo inaonongeka?

Ndipotu, pamaso pa kulengeza Nikitoy Sergeevichem za mapulani anu chitukuko m'dziko, pali yosungirako pang'ono kwambiri Kazakhstan mbewu. Choncho, kukolola koyamba, yambiri anatsala kuvunda m'munda. Komanso, kuchepa kwa malo osungira kukakamiza alimi kukolola mwamsanga pakachitika nyengo yabwino.

Zimenezi zinachititsa kuti zimene zacha ndipo mbewu zosapsa nthawi zambiri osokonezeka, ndipo unachititsa mkulu chinyezi wokhutira, ndipo monga chotsatira cha kuwonongeka kwa mbewu. Ngati zokolola Kazakhstan pakuchitika matani pafupifupi 22 miliyoni mphamvu yosungirako zitha akomere 10. yekha Kuchokera tikhoza kudziwa tanthauzo loyenera.

Kodi landers namwali? Izi koposa zonse, anthu amene ali mu kwambiri zinthu pafupifupi anayesa osati kukwaniritsa ndondomeko kupanga mbewu, wokwera Nikitoy Sergeevichem Hruschevym, koma kuposa, monga mmene anthu ankachitira m'nthawi ya ulamuliro wa Soviet. Ndipo, mwachizolowezi, anthu Soviet anakwanitsa ngakhale zimene koyamba anayang'ana ngati zosatheka zosaneneka.