Gulu la magulu a dothi

Pamwamba wosanjikiza miyala, amene kwambiri poyera, amatchedwa "phunziroli". katundu wake ali mwachindunji amadalira makhalidwe osiyanasiyana akunja kuti zikhoza mankhwala komanso kukokoloka kwa nthaka thupi, kuwonongedwa kwa mpweya, kukokololoka kwa madzi, komanso kusintha kutentha. Mbali ya ulemu kwa nthaka, imene umamumvera chikoka zina za zinthu zosiyanasiyana zamoyo otchedwa nthaka. Mphamvu ya nthaka pomanga nyumba ndi misewu ndi lalikulu kwambiri. Malinga mtundu ndi katundu wa mtendere osiyana ndi durability umisiri lapansi chivundikirocho ndi kumanga kamangidwe.

Ndi digiri chiwonongeko cha dziko lapansi ndi miyala integuments, kusiyanitsa zotsatirazi magulu waukulu wa dothi:

1. Neskalnye.

2. Rock.

Gulu loyamba, nayenso ali m'magulu angapo monga mlingo wa kugawikana: coarse, dongo ndi dothi mchenga.

Coarse gulu nthaka limapangidwa osakaniza unbound tinthu wokulirapo kuposa 2 mm, ndi chiwerengero chawo oposa 50% ndi kulemera. dothi Sandy ndi osakaniza youma chochuluka particulate okwana misa alibe ductility chokwanira.

Clay dothi magulu ali trenching chimakwirira, osati kudutsa madzi omwe mwina monolithic kapena youma chimauma chikhalidwe, koma pulasitiki mu chikhalidwe wasambitsa. The zili miyala argillaceous ayenera kukhala osachepera 3% ya kulemera okwana.

dothi Rock gulu anawagawa metamorphic, igneous ndi nyanja. Iwo ali okhwima ubwenzi yokwanira pakati pa tirigu osakaniza ndi tinthu mchere, amene akhoza kunama mu wosanjikiza losweka kapena lomenyera mosalekeza.

Igneous apanga miyala akuchokera mapiri gulu ake makamaka: effusive Mwachitsanzo, diabase ndi basalt, ndipo mozama, monga syenite ndi lubwe.

Zikuimira miyala metamorphic kuti adziwa kutentha ndi kuthamanga Mwachitsanzo, nsangalabwi, quartzite kapena gneiss. zinthuzi ndi mkulu mlingo wa mphamvu.

Mapangidwe a nyanja dothi gulu chifukwa miyala ya particles kuchokera slurry kutsogolera zomwe kenako ndi n'kukhala wosanjikiza monolithic. Mwina chifukwa cha mankhwala nthunzi mafunsidwe, kapena zosiyanasiyana njira organic. Mofananamo kuoneka marl, dolomite, gypsum, miyala ndi peat.

zinthu sedimentation anayambitsa gulu zambiri aeolian, madzi glacial moraine, mtsinje ndi nyanja.

miyala Clastic akupanga subgroups awiri, omwe analekana ndi chikhalidwe cha zimene zimachitika pakati pa tinthu zogwiritsidwa (dongo) ndi sakukhudzidwa (mchenga ndi miyala).

The katundu wa gulu lililonse la nthaka zimadalira maonekedwe a mwala, koma iwo angakhale osiyana kwambiri mankhwala ndi mineralogical zikuchokera, chikhalidwe cha kugwirizana, mawonekedwe ndi tinthu kukula.

Choncho, phunziroli ndi omwazika multiphase dongosolo m'boma zachilengedwe iwo ali mbali zitatu: zigawo zikuluzikulu mchere wa thanthwe, madzi ndi mpweya.