IEC 61850: Mabwalo ndi ubwino muyezo

Ndi chitukuko cha umisiri digito mmbali sanakhale ndi opanga magetsi zipangizo. Ngakhale pamaso pa gulu lonse la ISO, mu Russian izo anayamba yake IEC 61850 muyezo, ndi udindo dongosolo ndi maukonde substations.

A mbiri pang'ono

Development makompyuta sichinayambe sanawononge magetsi maukonde machitidwe kasamalidwe. Ambiri amavomereza lero IEC 61850 muyezo poyamba unayamba mu 2003, ngakhale akuyesetsa kuti atchule pa mfundo imeneyi machitidwe anali kumbuyo mu 60s Mu zaka zapitazo.

Kwenikweni ake inali ntchito ndondomeko yapadera, ulamuliro Intaneti magetsi. Kuchokera pa iwo tsopano, ndipo anapanga kuyan'anila ntchito kwa mtundu uwu Intaneti.

Ngati kale lolunjika yekha kukulitsa ndi makompyuta omwe amalamulira mphamvu ya magetsi, ndi kukhazikitsa malamulo, mfundo ndondomeko monga IEC 61850, zinthu zasintha. Ntchito yaikulu ya alendo anayamba kupereka polojekiti kwa kudziwika yake ya malfunctions chipangizo.

IEC 61850 protocol ndi analogues ake

ndi protocol yokha kwambiri mwachangu anayamba kugwiritsidwa ntchito cha m'ma 80s. Ndiye Mabaibulo oyamba mayeso a kusinthidwa ntchito IEC 61850-1, IEC 60870-5 Mabaibulo 101, 103 ndi 104, DNP3 ndi Modbus chotsimikizira kuti kwathunthu untenable.

Ndipo chitukuko koyamba anapanga maziko a protocol ano UCA2 umene uli pakati pa 90s wakhala bwinobwino ntchito kumadzulo kwa Ulaya.

Kodi ichi chimagwira ntchito

Kutembenuza nkhani ya kugwira ntchito, ayenera kufotokoza chimene protocol IEC 61850, kuti "Dummies" (anthu amene okha kumvetsa ndizosowa ntchito ndi kumvetsa mfundo za kulankhulana ndi makompyuta).

Mfundo ndi yakuti pa substation kapena magetsi anaika microprocessor Chip kuti angathe kupatsira deta pa udindo wa dongosolo lonse mwachindunji osachiritsika chapakati, akukwaniritsa ulamuliro zofunika.

Data kutengerapo, imene imakhudza GOST R IEC 61850 kudzera kugwirizana liwilo. Ziri kulankhula, Chip ndi opangidwa kumanga kwa LAN yapafupi.

A deta kupeza dongosolo Das (Data Kupeza System) amagwiritsa osachepera kutengerapo 64-bit, pamodzi ndi ziwalo ma aligorivimu kubisa Nawonso achichepere.

Koma, ikusonyeza kumapeto, ndipo kachitidwe amakhala pachiopsezo kwambiri. Tinkaonera mafilimu American, pamene pachithunzi wina wazimitsa magetsi kuti chipika lonse? Ndi zimenezo! Magetsi gululi Management yachokera pa IEC 61850 akhoza mgwirizano kuchokera zochokera kwina (hereinafter, adzakhululukidwa anamvetsa chifukwa chake). Pakali pano, tiyeni tikambirane zofunikira dongosolo.

Standard R IEC 61850: amafuna kachitidwe kulankhulana

Ngati kale izo anamvetsa kuti mbendera ayenera amachita ntchito mzere telefoni ofesi kulankhulana ali ankadumphira patsogolo. Ophatikizidwa tchipisi amatha kupatsira pa Mbps 64, pokhala kwathunthu palokha wa angapatse utumiki ndi muyezo.

Ngati tikulingalira IEC 61850 muyezo kwa "dummies", malongosoledwe ndi losavuta: mphamvu Chip amagwiritsa ntchito ndi kampani ukuthamana protocol, m'malo ochiritsira TCP / IP muyezo. Koma si onse.

Muyezo yokha ndi IEC 61850 deta ndi kugwirizana otetezeka. M'mawu ena, kugwirizana Intaneti, Intaneti mafoni, ndi zina zotero. E. Pangani m'njira yeniyeni. Mu zoikamo, monga ulamuliro, kugwiritsa ntchito makina tidzakulowereni, chifukwa ngati (ngakhale pafupifupi) ali otetezeka.

Chithunzi onse a

Zikuonekeratu kuti malinga ndi zofunika zimene zimavumbula Standard IEC 61850, kukhazikitsa zida za mtundu uwu mu mwachizolowezi thiransifoma thandala sizigwira ntchito (kompyuta Chip sitingakhutitsidwe place).

Ntchito chipangizo zimenezi sadzatero konse chikhumbo. Iye akusowa osachepera koyamba athandizira / linanena bungwe dongosolo mofananira BIOS, komanso kulankhula chitsanzo lolingana deta HIV (opanda zingwe, yikidwa mawaya, ndi kugwirizana kwambiri otetezeka. D.).

Koma pakati pa ulamuliro wa onse kapena m'dera mphamvu gululi, mukhoza kulumikiza pafupifupi ntchito mphamvu. Mwachitsanzo, ngakhale zabwino, ife tikhoza kusintha filimu "pachimake Earth» (The Kore), pamene owononga kumathandiza chiwonongeko cha dziko lathuli ndi wachangu destabilization gwero kupereka ndi "yopuma" zosinthika Kukwezeleza wa pakati Dziko Lapansi.

Koma ichi uli wangwiro zongopeka chabe, mwinanso chitsimikiziro pafupifupi zofunika IEC 61850 (ngakhale si mosapita m'mbali). Komabe, ngakhale kwambiri wosazindikira kutsanzira IEC 61850 zikuwoneka mwanjira imeneyo. Koma kodi ngozi zambiri akanatha kupewa?

Yemweyo chachinayi unit wa ku Chernobyl mphamvu za nyukiliya mbewu, ngati inakhazikitsidwa zida matenda chogwirizana ndi IEC 61850-1 osachepera, mwina, sibwenzi chakumene. Ndipo ife tingakhoze kokha madalitso kwa chomwe chinachitika mu 1986.

Cheza - ndi amenewa kuti zinthu mwachinsinsi. Mu masiku oyambirira, miyezi kapena zaka za zizindikiro za matenda cheza mwina adzawonetseredwe, osanenapo hafu ya moyo wa ureniamu ndi nyukiliyazo basi chifukwa kuti lero, anthu ochepa kulabadira. Koma kuphatikiza yemweyo Geiger owerengera mu amagetsi akhoza kuchepetsa chiopsezo kukhala m'dera limeneli. Mwa njira, protocol yokha limakupatsani kusamutsa deta ngati kuti mapulogalamu ndi hardware nawo zovuta.

Njira mawerengeredwe ndi kutembenuka kuti ndondomeko weniweni

Pakuti kumvetsa zosavuta mmene ntchito, mwachitsanzo, IEC 61850-9-2 muyezo, ayenera kuti palibe waya chitsulo simungathe kudziwa malangizo a deta pogonana. Ie akusowa repeater yoyenera angathe kupatsira deta dongosolo boma, ndi encrypted.

Kulandira chizindikiro, ngati likukhalira, ndi wosavuta. Koma tsopano kuti awerengedwa ndi decoded ndi wolandila, adzakhala ndi kwa thukuta. Kwenikweni, kuti decode mbendera ukubwera Mwachitsanzo, pa maziko a IEC 61850-2 pa pulayimale mlingo kufunika kogwiritsa ntchito makina monga SCADA ndi P3A.

Koma potengera chakuti dongosolo amagwiritsa malo waya kulankhulana, ndi ndondomeko zofunika amaonedwa tsekwe ndi MMS (osati kusokonezedwa ndi uthenga wa lamya). kutembenuka ici ulikubala muyezo IEC 61850-8 ntchito motsatizana MMS poyamba, ndiyeno tsekwe, zomwe pamapeto pake limalola kuwonetsera mudziwe umisiri P3A.

The mitundu ikuluikulu ya substation kasinthidwe

substation aliyense amene amagwiritsa protocol ayenera osachepera akonzedwa kochepa wa zida kufala deta. Choyamba, izo nkhawa zipangizo kwambiri thupi olumikizidwa kwa maukonde. Kachiwiri, aliyense wagawo zoterezi akhale mmodzi kapena angapo zigawo maganizo.

Pankhaniyi, chipangizo palokha amatha kuchita ntchito ya likulu, ndi chipata, kapena mtundu wa mkhalapakati kwa HIV zambiri. Okha monga mfundo zomveka ndi cholinga yopapatiza ndipo magulu awa:

• "A" - basi machitidwe ulamuliro;
• "M" - muyeso dongosolo;
• "C" - telemetry ulamuliro;
• «G» - zigawo ntchito wamba ndi zoikamo;
• «Ine» - kukhazikitsa njira kulankhulana ndi njira ntchito deta Archive;
• «L» - zigawo logic ndi zigawo zikuluzikulu dongosolo;
• «P» - chitetezo
• «R» - kugwirizana zigawo zodzitetezera;
• «S» - masensa;
• «T» - tiransifoma, meters;
• «X» - chipika-mzati switchgear;
• «Y» - mtundu mphamvu tiransifoma;
• «Z» - china chirichonse sali m'gulu m'magulu pamwambapa.

Akukhulupirira kuti protocol IEC 61850-8-1 Mwachitsanzo, akhoza kuonetsetsa zochepa ntchito mawaya kapena zingwe, amene, ndithudi, ali ndi ubwino pa chomasuka kasinthidwe wa zida. Koma vuto lalikulu, ngati likukhalira, si Ngopambana onse angathe pokonza deta analandira ngakhale pamaso pa phukusi zoyenera mapulogalamu. Tikukhulupirira kuti izi ndi vuto zosakhalitsa.

ntchito pulogalamu

Komabe, ngakhale mu zinthu za kusamvetsa mfundo thupi la mtundu wa mapulogalamu kanthu kutsanzira IEC 61850 angathe kuchitidwa mu dongosolo lililonse opaleshoni (ngakhale lamya).

Akukhulupirira kuti ogwira zikugwira ntchito kapena integrators amacheza nthawi kuli pa processing deta akubwera kuchokera substation lapansi. Kamangidwe ka ntchito ngati mwachilengedwe, mawonekedwe ndi yosavuta, monga processing onse ali okha oyamba deta isanafalikire ndi yobereka basi wotsatira wa zotsatira.

The sangathe la machitidwe amenewa akhoza zimachitika mwina kuti zida overbilling P3A (machitidwe microprocessor ofotokoza). Choncho ndikosatheka tanthauzo lake misa.

Mavalidwewa

Izi zisanachitike, tatchulazi onse mwachibale kwa IEC 61850 protocol okha ongolankhula zambiri. Kodi ntchito mu ntchito?

Tiyerekeze tili ndi dongosolo zosagwiritsa (substation) ndi magetsi atatu gawo ndi zolowetsa chingwe awiri. Kudziwa mfundo zomveka wagawo ntchito MMXU dzina. Kuti IEC 61850 kungakhale ziwiri: MMXU1 ndi MMXU2. Aliyense mfundo zimenezi kwa chizindikiritso zosavuta akhoza muli komanso manambala oyambirira zina.

Mwachitsanzo, amatsatira pamaziko a XCBR mfundo. Iye kuzindikiridwa ndi ntchito zina ntchito zikuluzikulu:

• Loc - kudziwa malo m'dera kapena kutali;
• OpCnt - ochuluka njira anachita (kuphedwa) ntchito;
• Pos - ndi woyendetsa kuyang'anira malo ndi magawo ofanana Loc;
• BlkOpn - loko kutsegula lamulo la lophimba ndi;
• BlkCls - loko lophimba;
• CBOpCap - opareshoni mode kusankha lophimba.

Chotero gulu chifukwa kufotokoza makalasi deta CDC zimagwiritsa ntchito machitidwe 7-3 kusinthidwa. Komabe, ngakhale mu nkhani iyi, kasinthidwe zochokera ntchito makhalidwe angapo (FC - zofooka zinchito, SPS - ulendo boma wagawo, sv ndi cha ku Switzerland - katundu permutation kachitidwe, DC ndi EKS - kufotokoza ndi tanthauzo magawo yaitali).

Pankhani tanthauzo ndi malongosoledwe a SPS kalasi mfundo unyolo zikuphatikizapo katundu stVal, khalidwe - Q, ndi magawo a nthawi yapano - T.

Choncho kusintha amachitidwa pa ntchito deta Efaneti kugwirizana luso ndi protocol TCP / IP mwachindunji chinthu MMS variable chomwe pambuyo yekha amadziŵika ndi dzina ntchito yake, zomwe zimachititsa phindu lenileni la aliyense nawo pa izi index nthawi.

Komanso, IEC 61850 protocol wangokhala zowombetsa mkota ndi ngakhale chitsanzo chabe. Koma ofotokoza anapanga malongosoledwe a dongosolo la mbali iliyonse ya dongosolo mphamvu, amene amalola microprocessor tchipisi ndendende kuzindikira chilichonse chipangizo nawo m'dera lino, kuphatikizapo amene ntchito njira zamakono mphamvu yopulumutsa.

Theoretically mtundu protocol zikhoza kusinthidwa kwa mtundu uliwonse deta, zochokera MMS mfundo ISO 9506. Koma woyang'anira bwanji, ndiye, anali osankhidwa a IEC 61850 muyezo?

Iwo amagwirizana yekha ndi zodalirika magawo ndi ndondomeko zosavuta ndi ntchito maina zovuta kapena dongosolo la utumiki.

Ndi ntchito popanda alowererepo protocol MMS kwambiri ntchito-kwambiri, ngakhale mu mapangidwe pempho lathuli "kuwerenga lemba, mawu". Ayi, kumene mukhoza kutembenuka kwa mtundu uwu, ngakhale UCA zomangamanga. Koma, ikusonyeza kumapeto, ndi kugwiritsa ntchito IEC 61850 amalola kuchita zimenezi popanda khama ndi ndalama nthawi.

Mafunso a yachinsinsi deta

Komabe, dongosolo si handover lapansi. Ndipotu, ophatikizidwa machitidwe microprocessor angafotokozerane deta osati pa okwerera ndi machitidwe chapakati ulamuliro. Angathe kugwira deta pamodzi ndi zipangizo zoyenerera.

CHITSANZO losavuta: pa Chip pakompyuta amatumiza amperage kapena voteji mu gawo udindo. Choncho, wina aliyense boma dongosolo pamaziko a dontho voteji amatha kapena zongolimbana zina dongosolo magetsi. Zonsezi zinachokera pa malamulo muyezo wa sayansi zamagetsi Komabe, zimadalira panopa. Mwachitsanzo, tili ndi muyezo voteji a 220 V. Mu Europe - 230 V.

Ngati inu mukuyang'ana pa mfundo zolakwika, mu USSR lija +/- 15%, pamene m'mayiko olemera European, si oposa 5%. N'zosadabwitsa kuti Western kuwasindikiza zida monga amalephera chifukwa cha kukakhala mphamvu.

Ndipo mwina Sikuti kuti ambiri a ife nimudikire dongosolo m'bwalo mawonekedwe a oweterako thiransifoma, anamanga mu masiku a Soviet Union. Kodi mukuganiza pangakhale kompyuta Chip akonzedwa kapena kugwirizana zingwe kuti mudziwe za mmene thiransifoma ya? Pano pali chimene icho chiri ayi!

The makina atsopano zochokera IEC 61850 muyezo chilolezo ulamuliro wathunthu wa magawo onse, koma n'zoonekeratu kuti sungathe ambiri kukhazikitsa ntchito yoyenera sichisangalatsa ngati "malonda mphamvu" mwa mawu chinkhoswe cha ndondomeko wosanjikiza.

Palibe zodabwitsa mu. Companies kuti kugawira magetsi pakati ogula amangokhala kutaya phindu kapena phindu msika.

m'malo zotsatira

Nthawi zambiri, protocol pa dzanja limodzi, ndi ophweka, koma ena - zovuta. Bvuto siloti ngakhale chakuti chibwenzi, palibe pulogalamu koyenera, ndi kuti lonse la dongosolo magetsi ulamuliro tinalandira kwa Soviet Union, izi sitingazipeze pena anakonza. Ndipo ngati inu kuganizira Choyenereza otsika ya ndodo, ndiye funso sangakhale kuti munthu akhoza kulamulira kapena kuthetsa vuto m'njira yake. Ife awiriwo anachita? Vuto? De-umapatsa nyonga oyandikana nawo. Ndizo zonse.

Koma ntchito mfundo imeneyi kupewa mtundu uwu wa zinthu, osanenapo mitundu yonse ya midima kugudubuzika.

Choncho, tikhoza kujambula mfundo imodzi. Kuti mapeto wosuta ali kugwiritsa ntchito IEC 61850? M'lingaliro losavuta - ndi mosadodometsedwa mphamvu kuwonjezera kupanda mphamvu kulephera. Dziwani kuti ngati kompyuta osachiritsika kapena laputopu si anapereka ntchito za uninterruptible magetsi kapena voteji yang'anira, kusiya kapena kulumpha lingachititse yomweyo dongosolo shutdown. Chabwino, ngati inu muyenera kubwezeretsa pa mlingo mapulogalamu. Ndipo ngati uzitenthe RAM n'kupanga kapena chosungira sichitha, ndiye zoyenera kuchita?

Izi, ndithudi, ndi nkhani osiyana kuphunzira, koma mfundo okha, tsopano ntchito ogulitsa mphamvu ndi lolingana "chitsulo" ndi mapulogalamu diagnostics amatha kulamulira magawo onse a Intaneti, kuteteza zinthu mkubwela kwa zolephera yovuta yomwe ingathe osati kuwonongeka kwa zipangizo banja koma kulephera kwa Kulumikizana lonse banja (amadziwika, lakonzedwa zosaposa 2 kW pa muyezo voteji a 220 V). Choncho, pa nthawi yomweyo kuphatikizapo firiji, makina ochapira kapena kukatentha madzi Kutentha madzi, ndikuganiza zochuluka kwambiri monga wolungama.

Ngati buku la deta protocol nawo, zoikamo subsystem idzagwira ntchito basi. Ndipo mu digiri wamkulu izo nkhawa kudzipheralo yemweyo 16 ampere lama fuyusi, limene anthu a nyumba 9-storey zina kukhazikitsa chawochawo, anyalanyaza utumiki, ndi udindo uwu. Koma mtengo wa nkhani, monga likukhalira, ndi apamwamba kwambiri, chifukwa amalola kuzilambalala ena zofooka kugwirizana ndi tangotchulawo muyezo ndi malamulo ake m'munsili.