Jaba Ioseliani ndi wakuba. Jaba Konstantinovich Ioseliani, mbiri yake ndi chithunzi chake

Anali m'ndende pansi pa Stalin ndi Khrushchev, Brezhnev ndi Gorbachev, Yeltsin ndi Gamsakhurdia. Atakhala pafupifupi theka la moyo wake m'malo omwe sali kutali kwambiri, Jaba Ioseliani anakhala munthu wochita zachiwawa, ndale komanso sayansi ku Georgia. Pokhala mbava m'chilamulo, wotchedwa "Dub", iye anali wolamulira weniweni wa dziko kuyambira 1991 mpaka 1995.

Ubwana ndi achinyamata omwe ali ndi zigawenga, zoyambirira

Jaba Konstantinovich Ioseliani, yemwe mbiri yake imatchulidwa m'nkhaniyi, anabadwa mu 1926 mumzinda wa Khashuri wa Georgia. Bambo wa mnyamatayo ankagwira ntchito pa sitimayo, ndipo mayiyo anali mphunzitsi. Uwu wa utsogoleri wamilandu wamtsogolo udaperekedwa muumphawi. Anamasiye okalamba, adakulira ndi msewu ndipo adamupha ndi kuba. Ioseliani adalandira nthawi yoyamba ali ndi zaka 16. Poba chifukwa cha kuba, Khoti Lalikulu la ku Molotov ku Tbilisi linamulamula kuti akhale m'ndende zaka zisanu.

Mu 1948, mnyamatayo anamasulidwa msanga. Atasamukira ku likulu la kumpoto, pa chiphaso chokwanira (sanamalize sukulu ya sekondale nthawi imeneyo), Jaba analowa ku yunivesite ya Leningrad. Pushkin ku Faculty of Oriental Studies. Pokhala ndi nzeru zaluso, adakhala mmodzi mwa ophunzira abwino kwambiri. Aphunzitsi, omwe sanasiye kuyamikila luso laumulungu la okhwimitsa awo komanso ochita zionetsero, adadabwa pamene mwadzidzidzi anazindikira kuti nthawi yake yaulere anali kuchita zoletsedwa. Mu 1951 Jaba Konstantinovich anamangidwa ku Leningrad ndipo anaweruzidwa kuti akhale m'ndende kwa chaka chimodzi chifukwa cha chiwawa.

Chiyambi cha ntchito zolemba

Pasanapite nthawi yaitali, gawo lachitatu linatsatira. Panthawiyi, Ioseliani anagwidwa ndi zida zankhondo ndi kupha ndipo adagwidwa m'ndende zaka 25. Pamene ali m'ndende, iye mosiyana ndi anzake, omwe amatha kusewera makadi, anayamba kulemba. Nkhani za Jaba zidalembedwa bwino kwambiri, ngakhale kuti anali kumalo osakhala kutali kwambiri, anayamba kusindikizidwa m'magazini olemba mabuku. Ioseliani Jaba Konstantinovich anadandaula kuti adatchula ntchito yake ya nthawi ya ndende "chipinda chokhalamo". Zotsatira za akatswiriwa, anatchuka kwambiri ndi anthu otchuka a chikhalidwe cha Georgian SSR. Atapempha pempho mu 1965, Ioseliani anamasulidwa pasanakhale nthawi.

Moyo wa Ioseliani m'ma 60 - theka la makumi asanu ndi limodzi

Atapatsidwa ufulu, Jaba wa zaka 38 anaganiza zoyambitsa moyo watsopano. Analandira maphunziro a sekondale ku sukulu yamadzulo, kenaka adalowa mu Tbilisi Theatre Institute, poyamba adateteza Ph.D. ake, kenako adokotala ake. Pokhala pulofesa, iye ankagwira ntchito ku sukulu ya masewera monga mphunzitsi. Kuwerenga zokambirana kwa ophunzira, sindingathe kuiwala za Jaba Ioseliani yemwe anali wolakwa. Wakuba mu lamulo adagwirizanitsa ndi zipatso zosavomerezeka za zipatso ndi ndiwo zamasamba za ku Georgian ku malonda osawerengeka a Soviet Union. Chifukwa cha ntchito yake, mkaidi wakale analandira ndalama zambiri, zomwe zinamuthandiza kuti akhale ndi moyo wosangalala. Komabe, izi sizinamulepheretse kusonyeza kusakhutira ndi gawo lomwe adagwera chifukwa cha ntchito yake yonyansa komanso yoopsa. Malingaliro ake, "sanali molingana ndi malingaliro", ndipo chigawenga chawo chinayesetsa kutsatira mwamphamvu. Ioseliani anali wojambula kwambiri komanso wokongola kwambiri m'zaka za m'ma 70s wolemba mbiri wotchuka wa ku Georgia, dzina lake Nodar Dumbadze, anamusonyeza kukhala wolimba mtima wa "White Flags" wake wa Limon Devdariani, pambuyo pake ndi ulemerero wa mbalame yowona mtima.

Buku Lopanga Chilengedwe

Kuphatikizapo kuphunzitsa ku chipatala chachitetezo ndi zolakwa, Ioseliani Jaba Konstantinovich anapeza nthawi yochita zolemba. Iye analemba nkhani za sayansi, zojambulajambula ndi zojambulajambula. Mlembi wa wakuba mulamulo ali ndi masewero 6, omwe pambuyo pake anagawidwa pamagulu a zisudzo za Tbilisi. Kuchokera ku nthano, malemba ake "Phunzitsani No. 113", "Land of Limonia" ndi "Zitatu Zazikulu" zinali zotchuka kwambiri. Olembedwa mchilankhulo chokhwima komanso champhamvu, amatenga chidwi cha owerenga m'masamba oyambirira ndipo samamasula mpaka mapeto.

Kulowa mu ndale, kulengedwa kwa Mkhedrioni

Pakati pa zaka za m'ma 80s Jaba Ioseliani, omwe chithunzi chawo chimawoneka mu nkhaniyi, adalandiridwa mowolowa manja ndi nkhani za chiyambi cha perestroika. Atasiya ntchito yake yophunzitsa ndikusiya kulemba, adayamba kutenga nawo mbali mu ndale ya Georgia. Mu 1989, adayambitsa mtundu wa Makhedrioni ("Horsemen"). Amembala ake adadzitcha okha oloŵa m'malo mwa asilikali apakati pazaka zapakati pa nkhondo akulimbana ndi adani a Turkey ndi Perisiya. Iwo analumbira kuti adzateteza malo a Chijojiya ndi anthu okhala mmenemo. Anthu a Mkhedrioni amavala zithukuta, jeans, jekete ndi magalasi a magalasi, omwe sanachotsedwe ngakhale m'chipindamo. Aliyense "wokwera" pa khosi lake anapachika medallion dzina lake ndi mtundu wa magazi kumbali imodzi ndi chithunzi cha George Wopambana pa winayo.

Bungwe lopangidwa ndi Jaba Ioseliani, makamaka, linali gulu lachigawenga loletsedwa, lomwe linali ndi zigawenga, osokoneza bongo ndi ana omwe alibe pakhomo. Pasanapite nthawi mamembala a Mkhedrioni adalowa m'bwalo lamilandu la Georgia. Gulu la Juba Konstantinovich linalowerera m'nkhondo zambiri zomwe zikuchitika m'dera la Georgia. Koma kupambana kwakukulu kwa "okwera" ndikuti iwo adagonjetsa ulamuliro wa Zviad Gamsakhurdia ndipo adathandizira kuti afike ku Eduard Shevardnadze.

Yesetsani kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu

Mu 1990, chisankho chamagulu amitundu iwiri chinachitika ku Georgia, kumene a Communist anagonjetsedwa. Bungwe Lalikulu la Republicli linatsogoleredwa ndi Zviad Gamsakhurdia, komwe Ioseliani anali wosakonda. Wakuba mulamulo amamutcha "fascist" ndipo akuimbidwa mlandu wotsutsana ndi ufulu ndi ufulu waumunthu. Kumayambiriro kwa chaka cha 1991, Jaba Konstantinovich anayesera kulowetsa asilikali a Mkhedrioni ku Tbilisi, komwe adagwidwa ndi asilikali a chipani cha mkati.

Kumayambiriro kwa chaka chomwechi, dziko la Georgia limalandira udindo wa boma, ndipo Gamsakhurdia amakhala purezidenti wawo. Pambuyo pa zochitika zonsezi ndinayang'ana kundende Jaba Ioseliani. Wakuba, wozoloŵera kukhala ndi malingaliro, analibe mphamvu panthawi imeneyi ndipo sankakhoza kumuletsa mdani kuti asabwere.

Kuwombera nkhondo

Lamulo lotsatiridwa ndi Gamsakhurdia silinaganizidwe molakwika ndipo silinagwirizane, chifukwa chake mwamsanga anataya thandizo la anthu. Mu August 1991, atagonjetsedwa ndi boma ku Moscow, adalamula Komiti ya National Emergency kuti iwonongeke ku bungwe la State Emergency Committee, motero ichita cholakwa chosakhululukidwa. Oyang'anira alonda, kukana kulowetsa mu Dipatimenti Yachikhalidwe, kuyanjana ndi Mkhedrioni ndipo mu December 1991 apanga chigamulo cha abatesi ndi kugonjetsa Gamsakhurdia ndikumasula Ioseliani m'ndende. Atatulutsidwa, Jaba Konstantinovich pamodzi ndi msilikali wamkulu wa asilikali a Tardsz Kitovani amapanga Military Council, yomwe idasandulika kukhala State Council. Komabe, boma latsopano silinasangalale ndi kuthandizidwa ndi anthu, ndipo Ioseliani akuitanira udindo wa tcheyamani wa bungwe lolamulira la boma Edward Shevardnadze. Malinga ndi aphungu, iye anali woyenera kwambiri kutsogolera dzikoli.

Ioseliani kumapeto kwa zaka 90

Kuchokera pamene Shevardnadze anayamba kulamulira ndipo mpaka 1995, wolamulira weniweni wa Georgia anali Jaba Ioseliani. Zolemba zake zikuwonetsa kuti nthawi yonseyi adakhudza ndondomeko ya dzikoli, kudalira thandizo la gulu la asilikali lomwe adalenga. Ngakhale kuti Ioseliani mwiniyo adabweretsa Shevardnadze kuti amuthandize kukhala purezidenti, sadakondwere ndi zomwe adachita monga mkulu wa boma. Kugwirizana pakati pa ndale kunapangitsa kuti mu August 1995 a Mkhedrioni amenyane ndi mtsogoleri wawo adatsutsidwa kuti ayesetse Edward Shevardnadze. Zotsatira zake, Jaba Konstantinovich anamangidwa ndipo pambuyo pa mlandu wautali anaweruzidwa zaka khumi ndi chimodzi m'ndende. Gulu lomwe iye adalenga linali loletsedwa.

Zaka zaposachedwa

Mu 2001, Eduard Shevardnadze mosayembekezereka anakhululukira mnzake amene kale anali msilikali. Atachoka, Ioseliani wazaka 75 anaganiza zobwerera ku ndale. Anathamangira abwanamkubwa potsatira chisankho ku nyumba yamalamulo ya Georgia, koma anagonjetsedwa kwambiri. Popanda kukhala wokhazikika, Jaba Konstantinovich anabwerera ku ntchito yophunzitsa. Atangotsala pang'ono kumwalira, anapita ku Moscow limodzi ndi mabuku ake omasuliridwa m'Chirasha. Wakuba mu lamulo anafa pa March 4, 2003 kuchokera ku stroke. Anamuika ku Tbilisi m'dera la Didube la anthu otchuka a Georgia.