"Jasmine utasintha". Amene anayamba "Jasmine utasintha"? Kodi anali "Jasmine utasintha"? Imene dziko?

"Jasmine utasintha" amatanthauza otchedwa "kusintha mtundu". Kodi mawu amenewa? Baibulo olondola a zodabwitsazi amatchedwa kanthu Unyinji wa chitsutso, zomwe kawirikawiri zimabweretsa kusintha kwa boma. Kupatulapo kwa zaka zonse kuli coups awa, anakwanitsa ndipo analipira kuchokera kunja, ndi zipolowe odana ndi boma China mu 1989, lotchedwa "Tiananmen." Kukwera sizinachitike. kusintha zina zonse akhala "kupambana kwakukulu".

Akamanena za kusintha mtundu

Kodi si olondola ndale kuitana outrages awa, kwenikweni iwo ali US ndi polojekiti UK kulanda boma lovomerezeka ku Soviet Union, mayiko Warsaw pangano ndi mayiko lachitatu dziko, monga mayiko mu Africa, Asia, Latin America ndi ku Middle East. Woyamba makamaka "mtundu" Kukwera zinachitika mu Lisbon mu 1974 ndipo anaitanidwa "Carnation utasintha". Pambuyo "Kukwera yellow" mu Philippines, umene unachitika mu 1989. Ndiyeno basi mitundu ndi ulemu wa mbewu iliyonse osati wotchedwa analipira kunja zochitika wamagazi, ananena kuti "chifuniro cha anthu ..."

lililonse osobennorsti

"Jasmine utasintha" umene unachitika ku Tunisia kaŵiri, nyimbo - makamaka gawo lachiwiri la izo - zakhala chakale malamulo. Awa, poyamba pa zonse, analengeza monga "yopanda magazi" kusintha mphamvu, amene nthawi zonse ankayimiridwa ngati nkhanza kapena kuti boma. Mu malo yawo ikadzawadzera, ndithudi, demokalase. Mbali chapadera cha kusintha mtundu ndi kutsegula kwa ndalama zosiyanasiyana ndiponso mabungwe ena, kuphatikizapo akazembe, ukulipirira ndi "boma". Zochitika zimenezi nthawi zonse kuyamba ndi "mtendere" misonkhano ya anthu oponderezedwa timakambira, makamaka chapakati, chifukwa chimene dziko kenako yokutidwa ndi zipilala za anthu amene kusokonekera izi.

zizindikiro zoyambirira

"Jasmine utasintha" anali nazonso. Dzinali anapatsa maluwa, ndiwo chizindikiro mtundu wa dziko lino - Jasmine. Choyamba chinali chopanda magazi kosangalatsa wa 7 November 1987 Habiba Burgiba - pulezidenti woyamba wa dziko la Tunisia. Chifukwa, kudali mphamvu anatumizidwa masabata 6 okha izo zisanachitike, nduna Zine El Abidine Ben Ali. Iye anakhala pulezidenti okhazikika, ndipo iyi inali chimodzi mwa zifukwa zazikulu yachiwiri, kapena "chachiwiri Jasmine zisinthe" yemwe anachitika oyambirira (January-February) 2011.

poyambira

'amtundu kusintha "Onse ngakhale chizindikiro chokwanira cha njira ndi dongosolo la zinthu zina zikhoza kukhala zosiyana kwa kusakhutira ndi zigawo munthu wa anthu mphamvu alipo ndi mfundo kuyambira Ndipo zimenezi, kuyamba zachiwawa. "Jasmine utasintha" (yachiwiri) anayamba ndi kuchita zofuna-immolation anachita m'tauni ya Sidi Bouzid (chapakati Tunisia) wamalonda masamba, 26 wazaka Mohamed Bouazizi, wogwira digiri yunivesite. mchitidwewo anali katswiri Dec. 17, Jan. 4 Bouazizi anafera m'ndende chifukwa amayaka kwambiri. Iye zionetsero mwankhanza ndi apolisi ndi umphawi. Policewoman analandidwa katundu kwathunthu, ndipo izo zisanachitike zachipongwe poyera ndi kumumenya wogulitsa. Nkosafuna kunena, kenako amugwire, iye mlanduwo chifukwa chakuti panalibe umboni. "Jasmine utasintha" m'dzikolo anayamba kuchokera pamene imfa ya Bouazizi.

Inde yopanda magazi zokhumba

Tikumbukenso kuti mbali ya dziko lino, yomwe ili kumpoto kwa Africa, ndi mkulu mlingo wa maphunziro, ndipo anali otsika kwambiri pansi Pulezidenti woyamba komanso ziphuphu. Koma pa nthawi ya kuchotsa ku ofesi moyo pulezidenti Habib Bourguiba zinali zaka 84, amene anapereka lamulo lalikhulu ladziko bwino wofuna Ben Ali kupanga chiwembu yopanda magazi, kunena Nkhani 57 ( "asapatsire"), lamulo zoyamba za dziko.

Ichi ndi chiyambi chabwino

Mu ulamuliro wa Ben Ali, malinga ndi UN, sankawabisira 10 khola kuwonjezeka ndalama national pa munthu wachita tchimo 14 3.8% ya chiwerengero cha anthu osauka, dziko pasukulu kwa WTO. Ndiyamika moyo watsopano (kuyambira 2003) pulezidenti anayamba nyengo yatsopano ya Choonadi - lamulo ukutitsimikizira chofunika kupeza aliyense Tunisian sekondale. anthu 9 miliyoni mu dziko anali sukulu 5000, pamene anthu opeza anali 60% mlingo wa anthu Tunisian. N'chifukwa chiyani "Jasmine utasintha" anayamba pamlingo izi? Dziko 2010 anali GDP wofanana 39, biliyoni 6 mumauro. Koma pamene malonda a wachita samopodzhog Bouazizi.

Internet mu utumiki wa bungwe la za "kusintha mtundu"

Nkhani analandira lonse olengeza kuyamika Internet, ndipo tsopano likukhalira kuti m'dziko nambala yaikulu anthu ophunzira wamng'ono sali pantchito, pali kufufuma chachikulu, ndi, Chofunika kwambiri, m'chigawo cha ziphuphu transcendental. Information za mwanaalirenji mipikisanoyo yekha ndi banja pulezidenti anakhalanso pagulu - anthu wamba anadabwa kwambiri. Kwambiri "Jasmine utasintha" inayamba, anatenga mkazi wachiwiri Leila Trabelsi Pulezidenti, chifukwa amene akuononga dziko amachuluka.

Osati zachiwawa ndi Kuukira

Pambuyo pa imfa ya mnyamata malonda a masamba wosimidwa maphunziro anatenga kwa misewu, zikwi za anthu, choyamba Sidi Bouzid, kenako kudutsa dziko, chifukwa boma kwambiri anapondereza zisudzo choyamba - panali ambiri anavulazidwa, awiri anafa cha zilonda zake mu chipatala. zofuna Economic kusintha kwa ndale. Tsopano, ankalimbana ndi apolisi anthu 50 anaphedwa padziko m'dera lapakati. "Jasmine utasintha" mu Tunisia kunakopa. Ndipo ngakhale chete zochitika chapakati TV, chifukwa Internet anthu ankadziwa zimene zinali zenizeni. Ndipo pamene pulezidenti anakamba adiresi televised mtundu, amene analonjeza kulenga ntchito 300,000, sikulinso anamva.

Chikondi kudana

Kodi si kuthandiza kumasula lonjezo la Kutsekeledwa chifukwa cha zipolowe ndi kusamutsidwa kwa malo mkati mtumiki Rafika Belhadzha Kacem onse. Iwo sanaime oyamba misa nthawi yofikira pakhomo ndi asilikali mayunitsi kuti litsatidwe. The chiphiphiritso "Imfa kuti Ben Ali!" Kodi ikupita patsogolo. Iwo anatenga pasanathe milungu iwiri pulezidenti, amene analamulira dziko kwa zaka 23, anali pa mpando ndi mavoti ku mtengo nthawi 5 ndi index 99% thandizo kwa anthu, mofulumira anazimiririka ku Tunisia ndi banja lake. January 14 pa 17:00, analengeza kuti Zine El Abidine Ben Ali anathawira kunja kwa dzikoli. Mphamvu wadutsa mu manja a asilikali.

Onse limodzi ndi nkhani yemweyo

Chotero yovomerezeka wolamulira kuchepetsa nthawi kumabweretsa zina za pa chimene chiri "Jasmine utasintha", amene anayamba ndipo anapitiriza kutsogolera kanthu zinachitika. Inde, zochitika wotsatira kumatsimikizira kuti akulembayo anthu wamba khalidwe pang'ono alipo weniweni ndi zimene zikuchitika ali ngati zabwino kwambiri ndi kanthu chisanadze anakonza. Pokhumudwa khamu sankasangalala. Mohammed al-Hanus, pulezidenti wakale ndi kudzaima pa utsogoleri, analonjeza anthu othamanga kusintha demokalase. Koma ngati gulu anayamba kumachita ukupha magulu. Population poyankha makomiti anthu analengedwa. Powonekera, Constitutional Court, potsiriza mosatsata mphamvu zonse ndipo anapulumuka pulezidenti ndi nduna yaikulu al-Hanus.

chisokonezeko ankalamulira

Zosakhalitsa boma ulamuliro wadutsa mu manja a wolankhulayo Fuada Al-Mobzaa. Yoti kusankha pulezidenti watsopano, iwo kupita kwa masiku 60. Kumachita pulezidenti amalangiza zonse yemweyo al-Hanus akhazikitse boma la mugwilizano wadziko. Analengeza Amnesty akaidi onse ndale, walola onse phwando kale yoletsedwa. Inde, chiyambi cha kufufuza poyerekezera ndi chivundi cha oimira boma kale. A zimapangitsa kuti chisankho ndi wina kuposa nduna yaikulu kale. Ndi "Jasmine utasintha" akupitiriza kachiwiri. M'dziko limene pakhala mantha ngati kuti kutsogolo kulimbana ndi ziphuphu za ulamuliro yapita panali anthu amene anathandizira ukuyenda ake?

mwezi wina yaikulu amakhulupirirabe mpando wake

M'misewu likulu Tunisian, zionetserowo kamodzinso kubwera zofunika za kuchotsedwa kwa mphamvu ya anthu mphaka onse ankalamulira dziko pansi pa boma lakale. Yaikulu ogwira ncthito limati osati kuzindikira wogwirizira boma Transitional. Ndipo zonsezi zimachitika mu sabata loyamba pamene ndege ya mutsogoleli wadziko. January 23 akuyamba wina mtendere, koma tsopano usiku, ndi makandulo, kusonyeza kuti m'mawa inasanduka hooliganism misa ndi smashing a mawindo a nyumba boma, moto wa magalimoto ndi zina chikhalidwe magawo "mowiriza" zionetsero za nzika. Zionetsero aziwapatsa yosiya wa al-Hanus kupeza mphamvu, ndi kale pa February 25 misewu ya anthu oposa 100 zikwi. 27 manambala iye wasiya.

Zotsatira za Kukwera

Nduna Beji amakhala Quaid-Essebsi, komanso mtumiki kale. Malinga ndi bungwelo "Jasmine utasintha" kumawonongetsa dziko mayuro biliyoni 1.6, dziko wataya mu anapha anthu 219, ovulala 510. kumbuyo kwake ngati chisangalalo kunasesera pa mayiko ena apafupi - zochitika zimenezi zimatchedwa "Arab Spring" .tak zimene kwenikweni umatanthauza "Jasmine zisinthe", pomwe kugonjetsa kwake? Malinga ndi akatswiri, ndi zomvetsa zamalonda m'mayiko onse anakhudzidwa ndi "kasupe Arab", anakwana madola mabiliyoni 225. Mwachindunji ku Tunisians, koma kunyada, "Iwo anali woyamba," palibe bwino. Ndipo, kuweruza ndi kutsatira mofulumira kwambiri kusokonekera kwa mitundu ya chikoka mu dera, tikhoza kulankhula kwa kanthu bwino makonzedwe, pansi pa amati ndi kupereka "pa mowiriza misa nkhondo ulamuliro wankhanza."

Akatswiri ena amaganiza kuti chifukwa choona zinthu zimenezi anali kulimbana muzochitika za chikoka pakati pa Anglo-Saxon ndi China m'munda wa yopanga chimasanduka - mafuta ndi gasi.