Khansa magazi: zizindikiro mu akazi. Zizindikiro za khansa magazi akuluakulu

khansa magazi likukhudza kupanga ndi ntchito ya maselo magazi. Zilonda ndondomeko zambiri kumayambira m'mafupa. Mafupa maselo tsinde okhwima ndi osauka, kupeza makhalidwe maselo a magazi mmodzi wa mitundu itatu: maselo ofiira, leukocytes kapena othandiza magazi kuundana. Pamaso khansa yachibadwa ma citukuko anawawidwa chifukwa kukula kusalankhula maselo nthenda magazi. maselo Izi khansa, kuteteza kukhazikitsa ntchito zikuluzikulu za magazi. Makamaka, linaphwanya zimagwirira kuti adziteteze ku kachilombo ndi kuteteza amataya magazi.

mitundu

Pali mitundu itatu waukulu pathologies khansa, atavala ambiri lotchedwa "khansa magazi." Zizindikiro (zizindikiro), mankhwala ndi konzanso matenda zosiyanasiyana ndi mtundu ndi gawo la matenda.

• Khansa. Mu matenda, maselo a khansa akupezeka mu magazi ndi mafupa. Mbali yaikulu - kudzikundikira mofulumira nthenda maselo oyera (WBCs). Kuwonjezera chiwerengero chawo ndicho kulephera kulimbana ndi matenda, komanso kumathandiza chitukuko yachibadwa maselo a magazi ndi maselo othandiza magazi kuundana.
• Lymphoma. Mtundu wa khansa amakhudza dongosolo lymph, amene ali ndi udindo kwa excretion wa madzimadzi owonjezera m'thupi ndipo yopanga maselo mthupi. Lymphocytes - choyimira cha maselo oyera, kuteteza matenda. lymphocytes nthenda kusandutsa m'zipinda lymphoma kuti achulukane ndi kudziunjikira mu mfundo za lymph ndipo zimakhala ena. M'kupita kwa nthawi, khansa izi kuononga chitetezo cha m'thupi.
• Myeloma. Choncho otchedwa khansa ya maselo plasma - maselo oyera udindo yopangira akupha matenda. Cancer Zimalepheretsa chitetezo cha m'thupi, zofooketsa thupi.

khansa

Khansa - khansa ya zimakhala magazi n'kupanga, kuphatikizapo mafupa ndi dongosolo lymphatic.

Pali mitundu yambiri ya matenda. Ena a iwo ndi zambiri kwambiri kwa ana, ndi zina - akuluakulu.

Zizindikiro za khansa magazi akuluakulu (khansa) yosiyana malinga subtype matendawa. Komabe, munthu akhoza kudziwa angapo makhalidwe ofanana, mwa amene anawerengedwa:

• malungo kapena kuzizira;
• kutopa ndi kufooka;
• pafupipafupi kwambiri kapena matenda;
• osadziŵika kuwonda;
• chofuna lymph mfundo, anaonjezera chiwindi kapena ndulu;
• chizolowezi magazi ndi kufinya;
• pafupipafupi nosebleeds;
• maonekedwe a mawanga ofiira pa khungu (petechiae);
• kuchuluka thukuta, makamaka usiku;
• ululu fupa;
• Chimaona mafupa.

Onetsetsani kuti kukaonana ndi dokotala ngati mukufuna kudziwa aliyense zizindikiro zakumwamba.

Khansa Zizindikiro kawirikawiri alibe momveka ndi kulunjika. Iwo mosavuta analekerera kapena zimachitika matenda wamba - monga fuluwenza.

Nthawi zina, kusanthula wakhala m'manja kwa matenda a matenda ena, limatchula khansa magazi. Zoyambitsa, zizindikiro (zizindikiro), mankhwala ndi kukhazikitsa mu Zikatero ndi khalidwe payekha.

Zina mwa zifukwa

Pali zinthu zimene zimawonjezera chiopsezo kukhala mitundu ina ya khansa. Zikuphatikizapo zinthu zotsatirazi:

• Chithandizo khansa ya mtundu wina. Khansa ungathe kusokoneza odwala amene akhala akukonza njira zonse za radio- kapena mankhwala amphamvu.
• Majini kuvutika. Kuchuluka chiopsezo kukhala khansa limodzi ndi matenda majini ngati syndrome Down.
• Kukhudzana ndi mankhwala ena. Ngozi makamaka ndi benzene, zomwe ndi mbali ya mafuta.
• Kusuta. Kugwiritsa ntchito fodya kumaonjezera ngozi ya osauka pachimake myeloid khansa.
• Khansa ndi mbiri banja. Ngati ambiri a matenda, khansa bwino zimayamba ndi chibadwa.

Komabe, si anthu onse adwale ndi pa matenda magulu khansa. Tikawonetsetsa odwala angathe oncologists nthawi zambiri sazindikira kuti alonjezedwa ndi khansa magazi. Zizindikiro mu akazi ofanana kwambiri zizindikiro za kulephera m'thupi kapena matenda.

myeloma

Myeloma (kuphatikizapo angapo) - khansara maselo plasma. maselo kuthandiza kulimbana ndi matenda mwa kulenga chitetezo kuzindikira ndi kuwononga tizilombo toyambitsa matenda.

Myeloma amachititsa kudzikundikira maselo nthenda mu m'mafupa, kumene pang'onopang'ono m'malo maselo wathanzi. M'malo mwake kupanga zothandiza chitetezo khansa zotupa kubala mapuloteni nthenda, kenako kuchititsa mavuto ndi impsozo.

Myeloma sikutanthauza mankhwala yogwira, ngati wodwala safuna amadwala zizindikiro. Ngati pali zizindikiro zoyenera, dokotala n'kukulemberani njira ndi mankhwala kuti atsogolere mawonetseredwe a zizindikiro za matenda a khansa ya m'magazi a mitundu.

Mu magawo oyambirira a matenda zizindikiro za khansa mwazi wa akulu, amakhala kwina. zinthu izi zingachitike ina:

• kusafuna kudya;
• kutopa;
• chizungulire kapena disorientation mu nthawi ndi malo;
• ululu fupa, makamaka kapena pachifuwa;
• nseru;
• kudzimbidwa;
• Matenda kawirikawiri;
• kuwonda;
• kufooka kapena dzanzi mapazi;
• kwambiri ludzu.

Zina mwa zifukwa

zinthu zotsatirazi azitaya myeloma:

• Age. Nthawi zambiri matenda amawapeza odwala zaka 60-70.
• Male jenda. Zizindikiro (zizindikiro) khansa magazi akazi zimachitika kamodzikamodzi kuposa amuna.
• Negroid. Mu akuda chiopsezo myeloma ndi kawiri kuposa kwa Caucasians-odwala.
• Pamaso pa zochitika za matenda matenda "monoclonal gammopathy wa etiology wosadziwika". peresenti wodwala ndi nthenda ya maselo plasma kenako akudwala khansa magazi.

lymphoma

Lymphoma - khansa ya dongosolo lymphatic, oyesa kuteteza matenda.

Dongosolo lymphatic zikuphatikizapo lymph mfundo (lymph zopangitsa), ndulu, thymus (thymus) England ndi mafupa. Cancer zingakhudze zinthu izi zonse, komanso ziwalo zina za thupi lathu.

Pali mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya matenda, koma mu malo oyamba, izo lagawidwa mitundu iwiri:

• Hodgkin a Lymphoma.
• Non-Hodgkin a lymphoma.

Chithandizo kumatengera mtundu ndi siteji ya khansa, komanso wodwalayo akufuna. Kawirikawiri ntchito wailesi ndi mankhwala amphamvu, mankhwala kwachilengedwenso mankhwala ndi maselo kupatsidwa zina, amene amathandiza kuletsa khansa magazi. Zoyambitsa, zizindikiro ndi mankhwala a matenda anatsimikiza anthu paokhapaokha.

lymphoma Hodgkin a

Kale matenda otchedwa matenda Hodgkin a. Pamene mtundu wa khansa matenda mu kukula nthenda ya maselo a dongosolo lymphatic kuti ingafalire kupitirira. Monga matenda ili m'kati luso kutanganidwa thupi kulimbana ndi matenda.

njira nzeru matenda ndi matenda a Hodgkin lymphomas kupereka odwala ichi chiyembekezo matenda apeze zonse. Panopa Mapa akupitiriza bwino.

Pofuna kudziwika yake ndi chithandizo cha matenda ayenera kusamalira kwambiri zotsatirazi zizindikiro zazikulu khansa magazi (Hodgkin a lymphoma):

• Sabweretsa chisoni kutupa lymph mfundo pakhosi, armpit kapena groin.
• Ndi kumva kutopa.
• Malungo kapena kuzizira.
• Thukuta usiku (cheza nocturnal otentha).
• Osadziŵika kuwonda (chakhumi kapena zambiri thupi).
• Kusafuna kudya.
• Kuyabwa.
• Kuchuluka kudziwa mowa ndi ululu mwanabele pambuyo kumwa.

Zina mwa zifukwa

Zomwe zikhoza kuyambitsa khansa magazi? Zinthu zimene azitaya lymphoma Hodgkin a, monga zinthu zotsatirazi:

• Age. Mtundu wa khansa matenda odwala zaka zapakati pa zaka 15 mpaka 30, komanso amene afika zaka 55.
• Lymphoma ndi mbiri banja. Ngati wachibale atapezeka ndi la mtundu uliwonse (onse Hodgkin ndipo sanali Hodgkin a), wodwalayo ali pangozi, monga ndilandire khansara magazi. Zizindikiro mu akazi zambiri yodziwika ndi kulunjika okwanira ndi kulola matenda posachedwapa.
• Paulo. Anthu, matenda kumachitika penapake zambiri kuposa akazi.
• matenda kale Epstein-Barr HIV. The matenda oyamba ndi Epstein-Barr HIV (monga mononucleosis opatsirana), azitaya lymphoma Hodgkin a.
• Kufooka kwa chitetezo cha m'thupi. chiopsezo ndi apamwamba ngati wodwalayo ali anapezeka ndi HIV / AIDS kapena ngati wodwala zowawa limba kupatsidwa zina, chimene chimafuna ntchito mankhwala kupondereza ayankhe m'thupi.

Non-Hodgkin lymphoma a

Pamene lymphoma sanali Hodgkin ndi zotupa kukhala ku lymphocytes - maselo oyera.

Matenda zambiri wamba kuposa lymphoma Hodgkin a. Malinga ndi kafukufuku, ndi subspecies ambiri a khansa magazi akakufunsani lalikulu B-selo lymphoma (DKKL) ndi follicular lymphoma.

Pa malo zotengera malingaliridwe izo Sizotheka kuti yomweyo kudziwa khansa magazi. Zizindikiro mu akazi monga amuna, zotsatirazi:

• Sabweretsa chisoni kutupa kwa mwanabele pakhosi, armpit kapena groin.
• Ululu kapena kutupa mu pamimba.
• Chifuwa ululu, chifuwa kapena kupuma movutikira.
• Kutopa.
• Kuchuluka thupi kutentha.
• Thukuta usiku (cheza nocturnal otentha).
• kuwonda.

Zina mwa zifukwa

Zina mukhoza azitaya lymphoma sanali Hodgkin a. Pakati pawo:

• Kumwa mankhwala omwe nkhawa chitetezo cha m'thupi. Mankhwala a mtundu uwu ntchito kupatsidwa zina chiwalo.
• Matenda amene amayamba chifukwa cha mavairasi zina ndi mabakiteriya. Mavairasi kugwirizana ndi kukula lymphoma sanali Hodgkin zimaphatikizapo HIV ndi Epstein-Barr HIV. Pakati mabakiteriya oopsa kwambiri, makamaka ndi Helicobacter pylori, zomwe zimabweretsa zilonda zam'mimba ndi zilonda mmatumbo.
• Kukhudzana ndi mankhwala. Ena zinthu, kuphatikizapo ntchito kupha tizirombo ndi namsongole, mu nthawi zina, chifukwa khansa ya m'magazi. Zizindikiro mu akazi zambiri zimachitika mofulumira kuposa amuna.
• Achikulire zaka. lymphoma Non-Hodgkin a angayambe pa m'badwo uliwonse, koma nthawi zambiri ndi matenda odwala wamkulu kuposa zaka 60.

Chiwerengerochi wowopsa

Mu US, matenda a "khansa magazi" aikidwa alionse mphindi zitatu. Aliyense mphindi khumi kuchokera khansa, myeloma kapena lymphoma wakupha munthu American - za 152 anthu patsiku.

anthu oposa 310.000 mu US tikukhala ndi matenda a "khansa", pafupifupi 731 000 kuchitira Hodgkin a lymphoma kapena lymphoma sanali Hodgkin a, 89.000 akulimbana ndi myeloma. The Mapa bwino kwambiri kwa anthu a mtundu European.