Khatyn: mbiri ya m'mudzi Chibelarusi tsoka

History of Wamkulu zosonyeza kukonda nkhondo, mwatsoka, wolemera mu zinthu zoipa kugwirizana ndi kupha wopanda chifundo wa anthu wamba. Mudzi wa Khatyn, nkhani ya kwe adakali kukumbukira anthu Chibelarusi monga kuchita zosaneneka za chotsutsana anthu. Kwambiri wowopsa ... wowopsa ... Izo zikhoza kukhala Khatyn tsoka ... History adzakhala mwachidule m'nkhaniyi.

Khatyn: amene watentha?

History, makamaka munthawi yake maganizo pambuyo kugwa Soviet Union zambiri amakhala phunziro la mphekesera zosiyanasiyana zandale. Mwachitsanzo, lomwe m'mudzi Chibelarusi wa Khatyn anatenthedwa posachedwapa ndi nationalists Chiyukireniya amene nkhondo ndi Red Army. Komabe, aliyense Baibulo ali ndi ufulu kulibe, koma mabuku a mbiri yakale kusonyeza groundlessness la kumasuka izi. chakuti magulu ena a UPA (battalions "Nachtigall", "SS-wotchedwa Galicia") kwenikweni kumenyana kumbali ya Nazi, koma amadziwika kuti magulu a nationalists Chiyukireniya m'dera limeneli sanali.

Choncho, palibe zina zimene mungachite, koma kuti mudzi wa Khatyn unawotchedwa ndi Germany ndi apolisi.

Zimayambitsa tsoka la Khatyn

Usiku woti anthu osauka tsiku zomvetsa chisoni March 22, 1943 m'mudzi anagona olimbanawo detachment. Palokha mfundo imeneyi akhoza enrage Anazi ndi apolisi. Nditakhala usiku, zigaŵenga zankhondo anagwidwa m'mawa motsogozedwa m'mudzi Pleskovic. Apa ndi pamene chochitika zinachitika chimene chinapangitsa kutha kwa mudzi pansi ndi mapu. Pa njira, zigaŵenga zankhondo yathu ankamenyana ndi gulu la apolisi, amene anayenda alonda German, kuphatikizapo ngwazi Olympic mu 1936, Hans Velke. Chowomberedwa ndi mfuti, pamene partisans ake ndipo anapha ambiri a ku Germany, kuphatikizapo alonda. Pakati pa akufa anali ndi anati ngwazi Olympic.

Kumene, zigaŵenga zankhondo anachita zabwino, kuti ndewu ndi detachment ichi, chifukwa kugunda mwachindunji ndi mdani mu njira zosiyana zinthu sizingatheke. The Germany anawaona kuti ndi lamulo la Nazi zimene zinachitika n'zakuti m'deralo pali lalikulu olimbanawo detachment. mauthenga ngati kaŵirikaŵiri kumayambitsa ndi aggravation za moyo m'dera la m'deralo, kumene zigaŵenga zankhondo akhala anawona.

Kuti anabwera ndi Germany?

Chotero kufika magulu zigawenga zambiri zinatha chisoni malo ozungulira a midzi kugunda. Pambuyo pa nkhondo ndi chochitika msanga pomyanuv akufa, Germany yomweyo anayamba kuganizira za kubwezera. Mu kumuwombera izi German chinachitika kukhala mmodzi wa mwankhanza koposa Chilango German - Sturmbannführer SS zinathandiza kuti apewe. Choncho, zofewa-zimene si kuyembekezera. The Germany anaganiza kuchita kwa iwo njira mwambo: kuwotcha pafupi posachedwapa nkhondo malo. Iwo kunapezeka kuti mudzi wa Khatyn, mbiri ya zomwe tsokalo imadziwika kulikonse mu dziko kutukuka, ndi chitsanzo upandu lowopsya la Fascism German ndi umunthu wonse ndi anthu Chibelarusi, makamaka.

Kodi kuphedwa kwa anthu wamba?

Mudzi wa Khatyn - tauni ochepa mu Belarus. The Germany kukawononga March 22, 1943. Wamba m'mawa wa tsiku limenelo anaimirira n'kuyamba kuchita munda wake, popanda kudziwa chilichonse za zimene ambiri a iwo uyu adzakhala tsiku lomaliza moyo. asilikali German anaonekera m'mudzi mosayembekezera. choti chichitike, anthu zinaonekeratu pamene iwo anayamba kuyendetsa koposa m'dera yachibadwa chokumanako, ndipo mu khola woyambawo yolima (by njira, ena akunena ndi zomwe barani sanali pa munda, ndipo mmodzi wa anthu a Khatyn Iosifa Kaminskogo). Mercy ndiribe aliyense, popeza ndidazunza ngakhale anthu odwala amene zinkandivuta kudzuka pabedi. Kwa anthu oterewa oukira nkhanza ngakhale pamaso kuwotcha, chifukwa mmene anthu onse odwala kukhetsa kulasa limodzi ndi butts mfuti kumbuyo. Ana komanso kuvutika. Mwachitsanzo, yemwe amakhala Khatyn Chikhulupiriro Yaskevich zinachititsa kuti khola ndi mwana wake m'manja. Iye anali ndi milungu 7 kokha! Ndi angati azaka anaphedwa ndi moto wa lopondereza ...

Choncho, Germany anagwidwa ndi m'midzi yonse mu khola, barani chitseko chinatsekedwa ndipo chamangiriridwa. Apo, kuzungulira kukafika kutsogolo kwa khola anaika udzu phiri ndi kuziika izo pa moto. Yokhetsedwa ndithudi zinali matabwa ndipo anagwira moto pafupi pomwepo. mwayi anthu kupulumuka mu moto anali kochepa chifukwa barani anali zipinda zitatu ankasiyana partitions yamatabwa mitengoyi wandiweyani. Amenewa ndi tsoka chisoni mudzi dzina Khatyn. Amene watentha m'mudzimo tsopano, mwachiyembekezo, zikuonekeratu ... kupenda zinthu zonse zitheka, kuphatikizapo mapepala German nkhondo ndi manyuzipepala Soviet nthawi, kotero German njira chabe zoonekeratu.

Kodi anthu ambiri anafa?

Amadziwika kuti nkhondo isanayambe, mudzi anali nyumba 26. Zochokera chakuti ambiri mabanja mawu ano ana ambiri, n'zotheka kudziwa kuti anthu a m'mudzi zingakhale za anthu 200 kapena kuposa. Mofananamo, kuti chiwerengero cha akufa, lero, ndi zosatheka, chifukwa zinthu zosiyanasiyana kupereka uthenga wosiyana ndi mzake. Mwachitsanzo, ku Germany amanena kuti anthu 90 aphedwe. Mu zina manyuzipepala Soviet analemba kuti m'mudzi Khatyn, nkhani ya tsoka la chimene chinaperekedwa kamodzi padziko lonse USSR, anataya anthu 150. Ambiri mwina, chithunzi yamasika molondola kwambiri. Koma Mulimonsemo tili posachedwapa zimavuta kudziwa mmene anthu ambiri anafa m'mudzi: history, mwina kamodzi dontho ine mu ngozi imeneyi. Ife zimadziŵa kuti kubweretsa timayamba kukonda choonadi akhoza zakale pa malo a moto pa.

Kodi zikutanthauza kuti apulumuke Katyn?

Munthu aliyense wokonda moyo ndipo amayesetsa kutsatira ngati n'zotheka ndi kulera ana awo. Anthu amene ankafukiza mu khola, kumenyana okha. Iwo ankadziwa kuti ngakhale amatha kuthawa, ndiye Mwina kupulumuka ndi otsika, koma aliyense ankafuna kuti athawe ndi kuthawa ku nkhalango ku lopondereza zipolopolo ndi mfuti. M'mudzimo anakwanitsa kunyenga khomo la okhetsedwa, ndi ena a iwo ankatha kutha m'tchire. Chithunzi zinali moipa: anthu kuyatsa zovala zawo zinali ngati kuthamanga pamoto munda. Punishers kuona kuti izi hatyntsy osauka anaweruzidwa kuti aphedwe ndi moto, koma anawomberedwa ndi mfuti.

Mwamwayi, ena okhala Khatyn anapulumuka. ana atatu onse anatha kupewa kugwera okhetsedwa ndi chikopa mu nkhalango. Awa ndi ana a banja Yaskevich (Vladimir ndi Sophia, onse mwana wobadwa mu 1930) ndi Alexander Zhelobkovich anzawo. Akusowa briskness ndi liwiro kunawapulumutsa tsiku limenelo.

Amene ali mu khola komanso anapulumuka ngakhale anthu 3: mwiniwake wa "mwazi wokhetsedwa" Iosif Kaminsky, Baranovsky Anton (zaka 11) ndi Zhelobkovich Victor (zaka 8). Nkhani a chipulumutso ndi yofanana, koma yosiyaniranapo. Kaminsky anatha kutuluka khola, kumene m'mudzimo anagwetsa chitseko. Pafupifupi onse kutenthedwa, pomwepo Ndinakomoka ndipo anatsitsimuka usiku pamene maulendowa Chilango kale anachoka kumudzi. Vitya Zhelobkovich mayi ake anamupulumutsa iye, chifukwa pamene iwo anathawa barani, iye anagwiritsitsa icho pamaso pake. Anawombera ake kumbuyo. Atalandira bala chivundi, anagwa pa mwana wake, amene anavulazidwa mphamvu pa nthawi yomweyo. Victor ndi bala anayimitsa kunja mpaka ku Germany kusiya, ndi kwa iwo okhala m'mudzi wina wapafupi. Anton Baranovsky anavulala mwendo, anagwa pansi ndi kunamizira akufa.

Khatyn mbiri anawononga Chilango

Ziribe kanthu angati akuluakulu mwa anthu, ayenera kukhala ndi ana ndi amene sanabadwe. Fotokozani mwatsatanetsatane. Malinga ndi kafukufuku boma mu khola unawotchedwa ana 75. Aliyense wa iwo, ngati iwo adakali ndi moyo, kuti akhale ndi ana. Popeza kusamuka pakati pa midzi panthawi imeneyo sanali wokangalika, ndi mabanja utha kulengedwa pakati pawo. Soviet dziko wataya pafupifupi 30-35 khungu la anthu. Aliyense banja ndi ana angapo. M'pofunikanso kuganizira kuti mu nkhokwe anatentha ndithu atsikana (anyamata onse anatumiza kwa asilikali), ndiye imfa angathe anthu akhoza kukhala yokulirapo.

Pomaliza

Kukumbukira ambiri Chiyukireniya ndi Chibelarusi m'midzi, kuphatikizapo mudzi wa monga Khatyn, amene mbiri inatha March 22, 1943, ayenera kukhala m'deralo. Ena mphamvu zandale, kuphatikizapo Soviet Union, amayesa kupereka zifukwa milandu Nazi. Sitiyenera kupita mu anadzuka a magulu Wachiwiri-lopondereza, chifukwa Nazism ndi malingaliro ake sadzamva kuyambitsa coexistence ndi wololera a mitundu padziko lonse.