Kusamutsa matauni dipatimenti kwa Vladimir kwa Moscow (tsiku)

Kusamutsa matauni dipatimenti kwa Vladimir kwa Moscow - sitepe lofunika chitukuko cha boma Russian ndi kuwuka kwa Moscow. Wapadera malo Hrs, kukula chikoka wa Moscow ukulu mu limati kumpoto-kum'mawa ndi kulumikiza mfundo ya Moscow akalonga mwamsanga Moscow likulu latsopano la mphamvu Russian.

ANAKULIRA okwera

Mbiri olembedwa atamwalira Andreya Bogolyubskogo akamatchula wa Moscow, mzinda limene iwo akukhala Muscovites - okhala Moscow. dzina la mzindawo chikupezeka mu mbiri ya zochitika ambiri ankhondo a nthawi. Moscow wakhala mfundo mapu pamene abwenzi kukumana ndi kusonyeza alimbane adani. M'tauni yaing'ono yatsala kukhala posachedwapa mzinda wapadera munthu ulamuliro. Kusamutsa matauni dipatimenti kwa Vladimir kwa Moscow sakanakhoza kutenga malo ngati pakati pa zaka zana lakhumi, yotsirizira analibe kukula kofunika ndi chikoka.

Mapangidwe latsopano pakati Orthodox

Ivan Kalita anapanga wotchuka mzinda wa Moscow, osati moyo ndale komanso chipembedzo. Lisanaperekedwe, likulu la kulambira ndi malo okhala okhazikika a Metropolitan Vladimir anali pa Klyazma. Ndime ya nthawi ndi machenjerero yosatha pakati pa opanduka akalonga Chitata zidole ndi opanduka awo lyudom yafupika mtengo wa Vladimir. Nkhondo ya udindo wa Russian pakati Orthodox nkhondo pakati pa Moscow ndi odana wake wosatha - Tiberiya.

Kulimbana kwa Metropolitan

Posamutsa kuchokera ku Dipatimenti ya Metropolitan Vladimir anali limodzi ndi kulimbana kowawa pakati Moscow ndi Tver. Akalonga a dziko vied anayesetsa kuchita zokondweretsa za Chitata Khan, Pokopa Mongolia wamphamvu zonse kumbali yawo. Nthawiyi, mmodzi wa Chimonko wa Tver mchitidwe umenewu mu Constantinople analemba dandaulo kwa Metropolitan Peter. mfundo chisimoni (kufalitsa maofesi mpingo) anasonyeza ndi maudindo kunyalanyaza mpingo.

Pakuti mbuye wa zonse Russia pali owononga kuti mafunsidwe a. Koma chinthu choterocho sizikanakhala zotheka popanda chilolezo cha atsogoleri ambiri Russian, ndi mu zochitika za mpingo Chitata khans ndi amkhalapakati awo safuna kanthu. cofunika kwambili anali misonkho msonkho, nthawi zonse anabweretsa ndi akalonga Russian. Ndi mbali zauzimu Khans adalipo osati kukambirana ndale ndi mpingo ulibe phindu.

chitunda Petro ku mpando wachifumu wa Metropolitan sanali wopanda mphamvu ya Moscow akalonga. Kupeza ulamuliro wa uzimu pa Orthodox, Peter sanaiwale za potumikira ndi limathandiza olamulira Muscovite. Anakhala ku Moscow, mu malo omwewo ndipo anamwalira, naikidwa m'manda. nsembe ambiri ndi opempha wa Moscow akalonga anachita ntchito yawo - mochedwa Metropolitan Petro canonized pansi pa dzina la Moscow woyamba ndi Wonderworker wa Russia. Posamutsa kuchokera ku Dipatimenti ya Metropolitan Vladimir pa Klyazma mu Moscow anali kale theka mwachita zambiri.

The wolowa ntchito chozizwa

Peter anasiyira ndi kumene amatchedwa Greek Fiognost. Kumapeto kwa 1327 kholo lakale la Constantinople Yesaya anamuika kukhala Metropolitan wa Kiev utumiki okhazikika Moscow.

Mu 1328 Fiognost anapita kumpoto, kum'mawa Russian m'mayiko, zomwe anapempha akalonga Chigalashiya ndi Chilituyaniya, wakhala allocated ndi archdiocese osiyana. Koma Fiognosta sankasangalala malo a kholo la mzinda wodzichepetsa zigawo. Cholinga chake chinali kugwirizanitsa kumpoto ndi kum'mawa Russia pansi chimodzimodzi Orthodox mtanda. Ndi pamene izo potsiriza anakhala n'zotheka kusamutsa dipatimenti matauni kwa Vladimir kwa Moscow. Tsiku la mwambo adziwitse wakhala anagwirizana ndi Constantinople. Fiognost kanalalikira kuposa mizinda yonse kudziwika Russian ndi kupanga Moscow malo wamba dziko Orthodox.

Upo likulu

Mwina kulanda Dipatimenti ya Metropolitan Vladimir kwa Moscow ndi Prince Kalita ndi sakanakhoza kutenga malo ngati anali thandizo yogwira wa Metropolitan latsopano. Tikukonza wake wa Mpingo Mfundo inatha, ndipo mu 1328, mipingo iwiri yosema adamangidwa - ndi zachilendo luso chifukwa likulu. Mpingo wa St. Peter Mtumwi ndi St. Ivana Lestvichnika anakhala chinthu china kulimbitsa kufunika kwa Moscow.

Kulanda mwamwambo

Cha m'ma 30s wa atumwi 14 Theognost yogwira ntchito pa ofesi Metropolitan anabweretsa woyamba zotsatira kwambiri. The ntchito canonization chozizwitsa anakopeka Peter ku Moscow zambiri amwendamnjira ndi atsogoleri achipembedzo. Permanent kuchita ziwawa achipembedzo sudzatha amaona mabishopu a Constantinople - mphamvu ya Metropolitan latsopano kuwonjezera ku mayiko onse Russian.

Amaudindo apamwamba anayamba kukambirana kulanda Dipatimenti ya Metropolitan Vladimir kwa Moscow. 1326 inali nthawi ya chisankho chomaliza. Full kukondweretsa Moscow akalonga, kale zakutha mutu wa "Russia onse", thandizo kwa kholo la Constantinople ndi malamulo a si kuwasokoneza wa Golden gulu kumaliza ntchitoyo. Kusamutsa matauni dipatimenti kwa Vladimir kwa Moscow inatha.

Zotsatira za kusamuka

chochitika ichi chinali chinthu chapamwamba kwa Prince wa Moscow. Iwo wachulukitsa udindo wa akuluakulu aboma amaligwirizanitsa ndi zauzimu. Fiognost anali kwathunthu pa mbali Ivana Kality, kuthandiza yotsirizira mu inalowa a m'mayiko oyandikana ku Moscow ukulu. Mwachitsanzo, ambiri Fiognost mwayi apapa wokakamiza ndi kuchotsa temberero osati anthu, koma ngakhale mu mzinda ndi dziko. Kotero iye anayika themberero pa anthu a Pskov ndi m'madera chifukwa chakuti anakana kusiya mkulu wa Tver Khan Ulugbek, motero n'zothandiza mwini wake wa Golden gulu mu anawazunza watsopano ndi chiwonongeko. Anathema anapereka zotsatira chogwirika - kalonga Tverskoy dzina lake Aleksandr Mihaylovich anasiya Pskov ndipo anapita Grand Duchy la Lithuania. Patatha izi, temberero adapachikidwa.

Mapangidwe Moscow monga likulu la dziko Orthodox

N'zovuta kupereka kuwunika zonse za ubwino onse amene anabweretsa likulu latsopano la dipatimenti zoyendera wa Metropolitan Vladimir kwa Moscow. Deti la chochitika ichi (1326) umaonekera ambiri mbiri ndi mbiri monga kunasintha moyo wa Moscow ukulu.

Malinga ndi pakati wakale wa chilengedwe chipangizo, ndi ulamuliro wa dziko lapansi ndi wauzimu ndi ofanana ndi ogwirizana. Choncho, mfundo yakuti mu ufumu wa mzinda nthawi yomweyo anakhala ndi mfumu, ndi Metropolitan, anali masoka ndi zofunika.

Ndale ndi Mpingo

Mfundo izi, ndi akunja ndi mphamvu yauzimu anafunanso opindulitsa kwa kulanda Dipatimenti ya Metropolitan Vladimir kwa Moscow. Chaka 1328 anali losaiwalika chikondwerero olemba mpingo kuti amalembedwa makamaka bwino nthawi imeneyi.

Iyo inali nthawi ya coexistence mtendere wa Moscow ukulu ndi Golden gulu - Moscow anakula olemera ndi wotukuka. bwalo kalonga ndi bwalo la Metropolitan ili pafupi, ndi chimwambo ndi chuma osati wolephera mzake. akuguba zobiriwira ndi kulambira pa nthawi ya ulaliki ndi mabishopu anasonkhana likulu la nthanzi la akuluakulu a tchalitchi ndi alendo udindo waukulu kuchokera kum'mawa m'mayiko Russian ndi Constantinople yokha. maphwando onse lalikulu inachitika ku Moscow ndi pamodzi anthu. Kodi ndikutsutsa zonena Moscow ku dziko loyandikira, koma ulamuliro chipembedzo wakuti: kunyalanyaza Metropolitan wa Moscow anachenjezedwanso ndi achotsa.

N'chifukwa chiyani kuchitika

Imodzi mwa mfundo zofunika kwambiri, chifukwa cha zomwe kulanda Dipatimenti ya Metropolitan Vladimir kwa Moscow unagwiritsabe, zinali kupereka zosiyanasiyana ubwino zofunika ndi gawo. Poyerekeza ndi amene analandira mwa nthumwi za akuluakulu a Mpingo mu maukulu wapafupi ubwino anali zodabwitsa, ndi zopereka - yaikulu. Moscow akalonga anaika kanthu - malo awo anali moti akhoza kusankha ndi chidaliro mwa mabishopu okhulupirika kwambiri. Yofunika ankaimba ndi wapadera malo Hrs wa Moscow, ndi ubwenzi ubale ndi Constantinople. Mtsutso lofunika kwambiri linali chakuti Metropolitan wa Russia alibe kungapondereze zinthu aliyense mwa akuluakulu a tchalitchi Choncho, anafunanso okhulupirika kwa mabishopu onse. Metropolitan Petulo anayamba kukhala ukulu wa Moscow Orthodox, ndipo m'malo mwake woyenera yomalizidwa kusintha kwa Moscow ku likulu Chikhulupiriro Orthodox.