Kodi iye amakhala ndi kugwira ntchito kwa Pol Gogen? The zaluso, sapatsidwa a m'nthawi yake

Iye anafa mu umphawi, sakukukondani ndi Osadziwika a m'nthawi yake. Chithunzicho, amene alemekezedwa nyengo pambuyo impressionism kupenta, pamodzi ndi Van Gogh ndi Cézanne - Pol Gogen zojambula zomwe lero ali m'gulu la mndandanda wa zojambula kwambiri mtengo anagulitsa pa yobetcherana ya anthu onse ndi yobetcherana kutsekedwa. Amangonena kuti "chaotayika Gauguin", ndipo ankaona yekha unlucky kuyambira ubwana ndi kuwanenera Mulungu "zinthu zopanda chilungamo komanso nkhanza." Inde, kuwerenga mbiri ya wojambula waukulu, mungaganize kuti tsoka zoipa utapachikika zonse moyo wake: zoyesa, zolephera ndi matenda limodzi ndi njira yake lonse lapansi, limapangitsa kuti kulenga ndi osalola kuti kukoma kutchuka ndi kuzindikira.

"Lokongola ubwana" ndi mnyamata wa wojambula tsogolo

Kodi mapangidwe ake monga wojambula, mmene kuyamba ndi chomwe Gogen Pol? yonena wake ndi chidwi kwambiri ndi chikugwirizana ndi kuyenda zonse. Kusintha malo, ndi loto la moyo mu m'mbali unspoilt choyambirira - chilakolako china chachikulu pamodzi ndi kuwerenga kuti ndidziwe kujambula. Ndipo panali chikondi kwa zosowa mu ubwana wake, pamene iye ankakhala mu dziko la amayi ake Peru, ndipo tsiku lililonse anaona mitundu yowala ya zovala dziko, wolemera zachilengedwe zomera ndi kusangalala ndi moyo osasamala mu kotentha.

Pamene pang'ono Paulo sadzachitanso chaka chimodzi, bambo wake - mtolankhani Klovis Gogen, ndi Republican - pambuyo analephera kulanda boma antimonarhistskogo zokakhala ku France kuti Peru, kumene mkazi wake anabadwa. Komabe, msewu wafa ndi matenda a mtima. zaka Paulo zisanu ndi ziwiri anakhala ndi anakulira Lima mu chuma cha bambo akewo. Pambuyo pake, iye ndi mayi ake anasamukira ku Paris, komwe mwanayo mwamsanga anaphunzira French ndi bwino maphunziro a sekondale. Komabe, kuphunzira sizinamusangalatse, ndipo maganizo onse anali paulendo nyanja. Pomaliza, m'mene anafika zaka 17, Gauguin, analephera mayeso kusukuluyi, kupalasa monga wophunzira woyendetsa. Pafupifupi zaka zisanu ndi chimodzi, ziri mu mosalekeza kuyenda panyanja, iye anabwera America South ndi Europe, kusambira mu Mediterranean ndi North Pacific.

Wogula kapena wojambula?

Atadziwa za imfa ya mayi ake, mu 1872, Pol Gogen anabwerera ku Paris ndipo, mothandizidwa ndi bwenzi banja Gustave Arosa, analowa utumiki monga stockbroker. Ndithudi, izi si zimene nthawizonse akulakalaka Paulo. Komabe, nthawi zina wamaliza kukhala "moyo weniweni": adzakwatira Dane, ndi ana. Banja amakhala mosangalala, ine ndi nyumba wabwino. Mu malo chapadera ichi mu nyumba amatenga ake ogwirira ntchito. Gauguin, poyamba kokha kusonkhanitsa zojambula, iye akuyamba kulemba yokha. mitunda wake woyamba anali ndi zaka 1873-1874. Pa nthawi yomweyo, anakumana ndi Impressionists ndipo kuyambira 1879, mtsikanayu zisudzo luso. Tsopano wake tengani monga wojambula. A udindo wapadera mu ntchito yake yolenga ankaimba Edgar Degas, amene anali kwambiri anakakamizika Pol Gogen. Zojambulazo, umene akupereka, iye amagulidwa ndi Degas ndi kuchilimbikitsa kuchita wamalonda Impressionist zojambula. Pang'onopang'ono ntchito wogula akuyamba akamenyane Gauguin kuti kupenta, pali nthawi yochepa kwambiri. Choncho, 1885, Paulo wasankha anasiya ntchito, masamba banja lake Denmark ndipo anapita Paris. Kwa kanthawi iye anakhala Brittany, komwe analemba ndi analankhula ndi amisiri wa Symbolist lapansi. Ilo likuti ngati zojambula otchuka monga "Masomphenya pambuyo muulaliki" ndi "Swineherd. Brittany" (chikusonyezera miyoyo ya anthu, osati asokoneza ndi chitukuko).

Kuthawa chitukuko ndi kuyanga mu ntchito za Gauguin

Moyo mu France si angakwanitse kuti Gauguin, amene akufuna kudzipereka kwa kulemba. Mu May 1889, pomenya chionetsero cha chikhalidwe kum'maŵa ndi ouziridwa ndi ntchito yowala ndi zokongola utoto anasonyeza, Paulo wasankha kupita ku Tahiti. N'kumene luntha lake ndi kudzoza anafika kuzindikira apamwamba. Paradaiso chilumba zinalengedwa mwa zojambula wotchuka ndi wopambana. Pomaliza amasonyeza mmene wojambula Pol Gogen. Painting, mu kotentha, yodziwika ndi mitundu yowala ndi ofunda. Paulo imamveka loderako thupi wamkazi kuchokera wobiriwira ( "Chitahiti Women ndi Mango zipatso") ndi golide-pinkish mchenga ( "Kodi inu nsanje?"). Pa 1892 analemba yokwana 80 zojambula! Akusiyana osati mitundu Mosiyana ndi nyimbo malo amodzi, koma yowala kukongoletsa. Zitsanzo kupenta, lomwe linalembedwa chaka chomwecho Pol Gogen - "Chitahiti pastorale" - Lero anasonyeza mu Hermitage.

Latsopano nkhonya mu moyo wa Paulo Gauguin

Patapita nthawi pang'ono ulendo Paris (chifukwa matenda ndi kusowa kwa ndalama), pomwe chithunzicho anali ndi kulephera wogonjetsa (chionetsero sanagwirizane) mmalo mwa kuzindikira sikhala, iye atabwerera ku Oceania. Apa akupitiriza ntchito, osati monga wojambula komanso wolemba, mtolankhani, ziboliboli. Komabe, sikuti kotero mokondwera monga zaka zam'mbuyo. Zojambulazo zimasonyeza nkhawa komanso kukhumudwa, anakakhala mtima wa Gauguin: ". Nevermore" "Mayi" Mu 1897, iye analemba imodzi mwa ntchito wotchuka kwambiri, "Kodi tinachokera kuti? Ndani ife? Tipite?". Atamaliza maphunzirowo, anapanga zinalephereka kudzipha, kutopa matenda ndi chisokonezo ambiri (ngakhalenso mu "m'paradaiso padziko lapansi", iye ankaona zinthu mosaganizira ndi wosadziŵa).

"Godsend" mmalo mwa imfa anakhumba

Iye anapemphera kwa Mulungu kuti imfa, koma anapulumuka. Anabwerera matenda, anapeza ndalama (ku Paris anatumiza franc 1,000, ngakhale ena zithunzi sagula), ndiyeno munthu amene anali wokhoza bwino kugulitsa zojambula za chithunzicho. dzina lake anali Ambruaz Vollar, iye anapereka zimene moyo wake onse m'moto wa Pol Gogen. Zojambulazo, analemba, Vollard akhoza kupeza 25 pa chaka (kungakupatseni), Choncho unkayenera Zikatero, kupereka wojambula ndi malipiro apamwezi (franc 300).

wosasangalala mathero

Zinaoneka kuti tsoka anamwetulira Paulo, koma posakhalitsa. Matendawa adayamba apeze patsogolo, ndipo panali mavuto akuluakulu (a m'deralo anakokera Gauguin - tsopano osati kokha wojambula komanso mtolankhani - ndale). Paulo anayamba morphine, Opium tincture, kuti dzanzi ululu. Posakhalitsa, anapezeka akufa (izi zinali imfa yachibadwa kapena mwadala poizoni, si kudziwika).

Pol Gogen ndipo anathandiza kuti zaluso

Ngakhale moyo yovuta, akumenya mosalekeza (matenda, mavuto, anthu), Pol Gogen akugwirabe ndi zimene anaona maitanidwe - zilandiridwenso. zojambula zake zapanga amathandiza kwambiri kuti luso ano. Naŵa zojambula wotchuka, amene anapereka dziko Pol Gogen: "mzimayi atanyamula Zipatso", "The Yellow Khristu", "Mkazi ndi maluwa", "Kutola Zipatso" "Komabe Moyo ndi Parrot", "Kupita Kokasangalala mzimu woipa," "Zake Vayramuati amatchedwa "zina.