Mesopotamiya luso: zinthu zofunika

Mbiri ya chitukuko inayamba mu Middle East. Zoposa zisanu ndi theka zaka zikwi zapitazo m'chigwa cha mitsinje iwiri, mtsinje wa Firate ndi Tigirisi, anayamba kupanga likulu la chikhalidwe dziko. Tsopano m'dera limeneli ndi Iraq. Pamenepo Mesopotamia - dziko, limene anthu Ababulo, Asiriya, Aperisiya, Sumerians, Akkadians, Akasidi. Culture ndi luso la Mesopotamia akwaniritsa chitukuko chachikulu kwa nthawi zimenezo. Anthu a dziko analenga mzinda akachisi yaikulu ndi kulemba katswiri.

Chiyambi cha chikhalidwe Mesopotamiya

Mwina chitukuko cha luso ndi chikhalidwe chinathandiza kuti ambiri anthu osiyanasiyana mu dera limodzi. chikhalidwe Chisumeriya anayamba atagwa achepetse, ali nawonso anakopeka ndi Aperisiya awo ndi Asiriya. Icho chinali Sumerians anayambitsa mabuku dziko. Zolemba kunathandiza kwambiri luso Mesopotamia, chifukwa mothandizidwa ndi kalembedwe imeneyi kulemba zinalengedwa osati kwa mapepala onse, ndi Mfundo sayansi, komanso ntchito za luso, chipembedzo ndi ndakatulo malemba ena amene anapulumuka lero.

Sumerians anaika maziko a chitukuko sayansi boma, anawaika machitidwe ulimi malinga. Kwa zaka zikwi ziwiri BC, Mesopotamiya luso anayimiridwa mwa ntchito za ntchito ndi chabwino, mabuku ndi nyimbo
zolemba.

Nyumba Mesopotamia

nkhondo zonse zomwe zachititsa kuti mfundo yakuti malangizo waukulu wa zomangamanga ankaufulula kulenga linga. Maonekedwe osiyana ndi a mizinda Mesopotamiya anali amphamvu chipata, analimbitsa zitseko ndi mafelemu, mizati lolemera. Mkuwa mikango anayikidwa pa chitseko, anabweretsa Ababulo. Komanso, pali njira mapulani monga nsanja ndi domes, ndi arches. Zinalili mumzinda wa dongo ndipo njerwa, pakati pa mzinda, monga ulamuliro, anali nsanja yaitali ya kachisi.

Akachisi, ziggurats ankafuna okhulupirira amene akhoza kubwera apo ndi kubweretsa mphatso kwa Mulungu. Ndi luso kamangidwe ka Mesopotamia analenga munthu wa akachisi wotchuka m'mbiri - Nsanja ya Babele. Zinali pomanga nsanja seveni ili pamwamba pa ena, ndipo pamwamba anali malo opatulika a mulungu Marduk. nyumba ina yofunika - chipata cha mulungu wamkazi Ishtar. Babulo, amene anali ndiye mzinda waukulu kwambiri m'chigawo, anadzazidwa ndi zambiri zachifumu, akachisi, koma wamphamvu chipata chokongoletsedwa ndi matailosi buluu ndi zithunzi za ng'ombe zamphongo, ndi zimbalangondo, anaima pakati zina nyumba mapulani.

glyptics

Mesopotamiya luso anasunga kuti masiku athu glyptics. otukukira kunja Izi anamaliza ziboliboli kudula, kawirikawiri pa mwala (yosindikiza, mphete, Miphika, mbale, anatsalira) chopangidwa ndi malamulo. chithunzi anthu nthawi zonse amasonyezedwa ndi mphuno mu mbiri, miyendo mbali, ndi maso kutsogolo. Art akuganizira si zoona, ndipo analandira ovomerezeka, mwambo wina wa luso. Mapiri ndi mitengo amadziwikanso akuonetsedwa wachibale symmetrically. Ntchito satsanzira payekha Mlengi, ndi mphamvu kulenga chosema mogwirizana ndi ambiri ovomerezeka. Choncho, tiyenera zitsanzo glyptic angathe kuweruza choyambirira chikhalidwe Chisumeriya lonse, osati ena ambuye ake.