Ndalama kupanga pamapeto pake, chikhalidwe chawo ndi yaikulu phindu

Kwa nthawi yaitali ntchito pa zifukwa zosiyanasiyana, zikhalidwe za kumalo a ntchito, dongosolo gwero yake inasintha. Zitsanzo za kusintha zimenezi zingakhale yosiyanasiyana, mwachitsanzo, motsimikiza angasinthe voliyumu ya ulimi, kugulira zipangizo zatsopano, kubwereka ufulu kupanga ubongo. Zonsezi njira imodzi kapena mphamvu ina pa mtengo kupanga pamapeto pake. The lonse kusintha anapangidwa kampani Mzimuyo, motero, ndipo zosiyanasiyana mitundu ya ndalama.

Pali chitsanzo kotsimikizika kwa kudalira wa ukulu wa ndalama za kusintha kwa. Mwachitsanzo, Kuwonjezeka mphamvu bwinobwino kumatanthauza kuwonjezeka pafupifupi ndalama okwana. Mukamakambirana nthawi yaitali, ndalama pafupifupi amakonda zosiyanasiyana malinga makulitsidwe, pamene kolowera awo osachepera limasonyeza mulingo woyenera kukula zokolola. Pali chizindikiro osachepera, amene amasankha mtengo wa ulimi wa kampani. Bwaloli buku osachepera kupanga zimene kampani akhoza kuchepetsa ndalama zake pafupifupi kupanga pamapeto pake. Efficacy mu chimake izi anatsimikiza ndi ubale: kwambiri kampani umabala mankhwala, chindichepere adzakhala ndalama pafupifupi.

Kukhazikitsa phindu akadakwanitsira ndalama kupanga pa amene adzaperekedwa kupereka olimba bata msika ndi imodzi mwa ntchito zazikulu za ntchito yake malonda. Kuti mphatso imeneyi ayenera wene, m'pofunika timvetsetsetse chikhalidwe cha ndalama, kuimira gulu dongosolo lawo ndi kudziwa momwe vzaimootnosyatsya ndalama kupanga ndi phindu la kampaniyo.

Mu mawu osavuta kwambiri, ndalama kupanga ndi zinthu zimene anthu amadya ndi ogwira ntchito kapena m'kati kupanga mankhwala malonda. M'nkhaniyi, onse ndalama kupanga mu yaitali ayenera kuonedwa ngati malipiro a ntchito mfundo za ulimi. Zikuphatikizapo depreciation, kupereka zipangizo, malipilo a wogwila ntchito kapena zambiri. Pa kukwaniritsidwa kwa malonda, revenues kampani, amene gawo amapita nazo zithandizire pa mtengo wokhudzana ndi kupanga, ndi gawo lina la chimaposa analamula kuti zimene yopanga ndi bungwe.

Modern chuma-ofufuza kuganizira ndalama kupanga mu yaitali kuchokera amazionera a wazamalonda, osati momwe akuyenera Mwachitsanzo, kutanthauzira Marxist. Malinga ndi njira zamakono, ndalama izi zimasiyana ndi kugwirizana ndi pasadakhale likulu, ndipo zikuimira ndalama zimenezo kuti mkatimkati mwa kupanga mankhwala makamaka.

Kufalitsa ndalama ndi ndalama kugulitsa katundu. Iwo wachinsinsi monga woyera (amene mwachindunji zokhudzana ndi ndondomeko malonda), ndi zina (zokhudzana zomangamanga, imene mankhwala amaperekedwa ndi kukhazikitsa). Onani kuti zina, monga, musati kuwonjezera phindu mtengo ndipo sangathe kuwomboledwa pokhapokha kugulitsa mankhwala malonda zichokera kwa phindu la kumalo a ntchito. Komanso, ndalama zimenezi zimatchedwa chifukwa iwo ndi cholinga mafuta phindu ukonde. Mbali atsopano a chitukuko cha zachuma amachokera chakuti kampani kapena olimba amafuna ndalama kwa ndalama chilichonse chimene akhale mu njira ya unathandiza kuti kupereka kungakupatseni zinthu zosangalatsa za bizinesi ndi mtendere wa m'misika pa nkhani ya mpikisano kukula.