Kodi mbali kumbuyo kwa mwezi? Kodi otsika ili mbali ya kuseri kwa mwezi? Kodi mbali mwa nyanja ya mwezi?

Mu umodzi zikwi mazana asanu ndi anayi makumi asanu ndi chinayi chaka Union of Soviet mayiko Socialist kwa nthawi yoyamba mu dziko kusonyeza anthu kuti ali kumbali kumbuyo kwa mwezi. zithunzi anatengedwa ndi zodziwikiratu interplanetary siteshoni "Luna-3» (Lunik-3). Mu airless danga spacecraft anapezerapo October 4 mothandizidwa ndi chonyamulira roketi "Vostok-L."

Chenjezo! Zipewa!

Zithunzi wapadera AMC "kutumidwa" pa firii koloko m'mawa October 7, 1959. Kulandira chizindikiro opangidwa Simeiz Observatory (tsopano gawani Crimea Astrophysical Observatory). Mitundu ya "mbali yakumwamba ya mwezi", natisunthitsa pansi, kuphimba mtunda 483 000 Km.

Kuyang'ana zithunzi amaona, ambiri ndinadabwa "pa malopo": ndi pa mbali ya mwezi? Inde, fano khalidwe ndi osauka, koma akhala ncho! mtsogoleri USSR Research analandira ufulu wonditcha poyera padziko malo apafupi Kanema.

Dziko lonse mukudziwa chimene nyanja ili pa mbali ya kuseri kwa mwezi - Moscow. Gawo la izo, jutting kwambiri m'dziko, yotchedwa Gulf of chombo. The Chigwa ndi 60 miles (96.5 km) kwa iye linali dzina la Professor Konstantin Tsiolkovsky, mpainiya cosmonautics yemwe anamwalira mu 1935. Ridge pafupi equator monyadira wakewu Union. Mdima malo pafupi ndi malire a mbali zooneka ndi zosaoneka wa Moon anali Nyanja ya Maloto. eyiti mitundu ikuluikulu akhala sakudziwika.

The pachilichonse wachibale

Wapampando wa Bungwe la Academy of Sciences, Professor Alexander Mikhailov (1888-1983) zakuthambo, kulankhula pa Radio Moscow, anati pachilichonse wachibale wa mbali zaku mwezi. Iye anandiuza kuti zakuthambo ndi Akatswiriwa kufotokoza chodabwitsa, zomwe, mosakayikira, chifukwa cha funso za chiyambi cha zimachititsa chilumbachi mwezi.

Total wa 6 ndi 7 October Kamera basi interplanetary siteshoni "Luna-3" anapanga 29 zithunzi. Zipangizo zonse, kuphatikizapo video, ntchito monga chizindikiro ankalamulira ku Earth, ndi mwa kundipatsako kwa zipangizo adakwera. kuwombera nthawi anasankha malinga ndi malo dzuwa. Okonzekera chithunzi mphukira AMC ndi pakati nyale, Moon. Ndiye ine anakwanitsa kuchotsa 70 peresenti chobisika kwa gawo anthu.

Lisanaperekedwe ikuchitika awiri Launch more: Kanema ya "Luna-1" anaulukira zakale ndi anasowa mu malo lotseguka. "Luna 2 'anagwa padziko" Mfumukazi ya Usiku. " Ndi okwerera awa sali dongosolo zovuta kwambiri zinayenda ntchito monga zipangizo linanena bungwe kwa kanjira interplanetary, njira kukhala wailesi, ndi zina zotero. D. Chirichonse chidachitika kuti ntchito iwo akhoza kuuza anthu ndi chidaliro kuti kumbali kumbuyo Moon.

zinsinsi kuululidwa

"Luna-3" anali kwenikweni latsopano kapangidwe: zida za zipangizo lathu tsopano, mwinamwake, adzatchedwa "Glonass dongosolo"; AMC ntchito pa mapanelo dzuwa. Launch tsiku anali anapima kuti tsiku la ndege la woyamba yokumba Earth Kanema linatuluka mu kanjira October 4, 1957. Panali kusintha kwenikweni mu kufufuza malo anapanga dziko lalikulu la USSR.

"Phunzitsani" ilili vuto kuti ali kumbali kumbuyo kwa mwezi, ofufuza chithunzi amafuna kutenga ndalama zoposa 29. Mwa njira, njira zosiyanasiyana za zithunzi fano, ngakhale osati kwambiri quality, angathe kupeza okha ku kamera ndi spotlighting. Kutumiza mndandanda woyamba wa mtengo wapatali "zithunzi", siteshoni mwadzidzidzi idaleka popereka mauthenga.

Izi zinali zambiri chifukwa chakuti pa kufala kwa mudziwe, mabatire ali akufa (kapena mwina panali kugunda ndi kugwa kwa miyala yochokera pa?). Mwina tinganene anatenthedwa mu mlengalenga m'chaka cha 1960 (koma ndi kupulumuka mpaka 1962). Komabe, chinsinsi wakhala kuthetsedwa.

kolasi ya kasinthasintha

N'chifukwa chiyani dziko kuonekera Earth nthawizonse mbali imodzi yokha? Chifukwa cha ichi, n'zosatheka kudziwa zimene zili mbali ya kuseri kwa mwezi! chifukwa kwagona kuti Selena amachita kanjira padziko lapansi mu nthawi yomweyi imene Earth akutembenukira nguli. Ofananira ndi yozungulira kasinthasintha ndi masiku 27,3. Magalimoto kalunzanitsidwe zinachitika biliyoni 4 zaka zapitazo.

Koma mawu akuti "mbali yoipa ya mwezi", ndi zooneka (losaoneka choncho kale loipa). Ndipotu, dzuwa zounikira wathu "chikondi mnansi" kuchokera kumbali zonse wogawana. Ilo nthawiina ankaganiza kuti synchronism kasinthasintha wa Lapansi ndi Moon - chodabwitsa wapadera.

maphunziro Recent asonyeza kuti pafupifupi makina aakulu a mapulaneti kutembenukira njira iyi. Iwo akumuuza "wapabanja" mbali imodzi. Izi zikusonyeza dongosolo khalidwe la chikhalidwe cha chitukuko wamba lamulo la mphamvu m'chilengedwe chonse. kuphwanya awo angakhale ndi zotsatira sizimadziwika.

Moray pang'ono

Mbali ya Moon, pali? The nyanja! Ambiri amaganiza choncho. Ndipotu anthu a m'gulu looneka la "zenga" amenewo kuwerenga! Iwo sayenda kuyang'ana pa dziko - ichi ndi chachikulu wakale chiphalaphala utuluke. Kumbali pepala iwo ali ang'onoang'ono kwambiri, ngakhale zikuoneka, danga ayenera kuwonjezera pa nkhope yonse ya dziko, monga ngati belting izo (Franz chiphunzitso).

Komanso anatsegula mu 1959 mu Moscow Nyanja (agwilitse dera la Region Moscow) ndi maloto ndi wodzichepetsa kwambiri kukula. ofufuza anadabwa: Kodi malo a zipani zosiyana? Chifukwa chiyani?

Kuti tipeze mayankho, anafunikira kuphunzira mozama. Research anapitiriza mu 1965. Station "kafukufuku 3" anapita pamwamba mwezi. Ake basi "diso" ankayamikira kale yokutidwa danga, yemweyo 30 peresenti. The asymmetry pamagulu mokwanira anatsimikizira.

Mapiri ndi zimaphala ambiri

Choncho, pa "nkhope" wa Selena chogwidwa ndi nyanja, ndi kuti mbali kumbuyo kwa mwezi? Pali chimakhala chogwidwa ndi mapiri ndi zimaphala. Dissimilarity ena kufotokoza chiphunzitso cha miyezi iwiri, ndi coexistence mtendere umene unatha pokhala pang'ono bumped kupita ku chachikulu.

Pambuyo Integrated mbali ziwiri Zithunzi processing wa mwezi kujambula mbe kuti owoneka kuunika dera "amachepetsa" (iwo - kumpoto ndi m'maiko kum'mwera) anatseka overleaf. Izi zikutanthauza kuti pali yunifolomu chokhala ndi chishango. Nyanja - chinthu mkati lonselo, nadzaza matendawa, kuya ndi kutumphuka kwambiri mwezi.

Tikaonanso illuminance zinsinsi za chikhalidwe - Selena, ndi Dziwani kuti pali nooks kumene nthawizonse mdima. Mwachitsanzo, chotero zimaphala kwambiri kuti dzuwa chete pansi awo. N'zotheka kuti mu mdima wosatha wa anasonkhanitsa madipoziti yaikulu ayezi kuti anthu akhoza wachinsinsi monga NC (kotunga mwadzidzidzi).

mwezi Observatory

N'zotheka kuti muli zachilengedwe akhoza kusungidwa mpweya okwanira ndi mafuta roketi. The mbali kwenikweni kwa Moon mwachibadwa kutetezedwa mphepo dziko lapansi - malo abwino kwambiri kwa Observatory radiosensitive kufufuza zimaphala mthunzi.

Koma yankho la funso lokhudza zimene ali kumbali m'zigwa za mwezi? South West! Choncho, mabuku a Chigwa dziwe South Pole - Aitken. The chodabwitsa kwambiri chikho woboola pakati maganizo padziko Selene - pa Chigwa Aitken, zikuwoneka ngati mapiri. Iwo ali ndi lathyathyathya pansi, atazunguliridwa ndi wozungulira woboola pakati anakweza kutsinde. Chinthu akutambasula makilomita 2250 kuya ku malo osiyana makilomita 8-16.

Pankhani kutsogoza la Soviet Union mu dzina la mitundu mwezi mtunda, dziko lalikulu anachoka mu chikumbukiro mibadwo ya earthlings zotsatirazi maina: zimaphala: Kurchatov, Mendeleev, Popov, Sklodowska-Curie, Gagarin, Korolev, etc. Chabwino, Moscow Nyanja Maloto ..