magazi chiyani, aliyense amadziwa. Timaona kuti kuwononga khungu Mwachitsanzo, ngati kudula kapena analaswa. Tikudziwa kuti ndi wakuda ndi wofiira. Koma chomwe izo ziri mu magazi? Sudziŵa aliyense. Nthawiyi, matabwa ake ndi zovuta ndi sakanikira. Izi si madzi ofiira. Mtundu izo amatipatsa si plasma, ndi tinthu yunifolomu mu izo. Tiyeni tiwone, kodi magazi athu.
magazi ndi chiyani?
Buku lonse la magazi m'thupi la munthu akhoza kugawidwa m'magulu awiri. Kumene, mugawo ili ndi makonzedwe. Mbali yoyamba - zotumphukira, kuti ndi amene akuyenda ku mitsempha, mitsempha ndi capillaries, wachiwiri - magazi omwe ali ziwalo magazi kupanga ndi zimakhala. Mwachibadwa, mosalekeza akufalitsa m'thupi, ndi chifukwa kulekana ofunda. magazi a anthu wapangidwa ndi zigawo ziwiri - plasma, ndi particles anapanga ali momwemo. Izi maselo ofiira, maselo oyera ndi maselo othandiza magazi kuundana. Amasiyana mzake osati dongosolo, komanso amachita ntchito mu thupi. Ena particles zambiri zina zochepa. Kuwonjezera zigawo yunifolomu, chitetezo zosiyanasiyana ndi tinthu zina zopezeka mu mwazi wa munthu. Mwachibadwa, magazi phindu. Koma mu njira pathological ya chikhalidwe opatsirana n'zotheka kudziwa mabakiteriya ndi tizilombo tina. Choncho, kodi uli mmwazi, nanga kufanana ndi zigawo? Funso limeneli yaitali afufuza, ndi sayansi ya kanjedza enieni. Mu wamkulu plasma anthu yokha kuchuluka ndi 50 mpaka 60%, ndi zigawo anapanga - kuchokera 40 mpaka 50% a magazi lonse. Kodi nkofunika kuti mukudziwa? Kumene, kudziwa kuchuluka kwa maselo ofiira a magazi kapena woyera achiyesa maselo a magazi, mukhoza kuwunika thanzi la munthu. The chiŵerengero cha particles anapanga kwa okwana buku magazi amatchedwa hematocrit. Nthawi zambiri, si lolunjika pa zigawo zonse, ndi kokha maselo ofiira a magazi. index Izi anatsimikiza ntchito maphunziro galasi chubu mu mwazi aikidwa ndipo anali centrifuged. Choncho zigawo katundu kumira pansi, ndi madzi a m'magazi, m'malo mwake, limatuluka. Magazi monga exfoliates. Pambuyo kuti amaphunzitsidwa zitha kuwerengetsa gawo amatenga imodzi kapena mbali inayo. Mu mankhwala, zoyesa ankagwiritsa ntchito. Tsopano iwo akuchita pa basi analyzers hematology.
madzi a m'magazi
Madzi a m'magazi - madzi ndi magazi chigawo chimodzi, amene ali inaimitsidwa maselo, mapuloteni ndi mankhwala ena. Malinga ndi iye, iwo kwa ziwalo ndipo zimakhala. Kodi madzi a m'magazi? Pafupifupi 85% - ndi madzi. Otsala 15% ndi organic ndi zochita kupanga mankhwala. Komanso, mipweya mu madzi a m'magazi. Izi, kumene, mpweya woipa ndi oxygen. Pa zinthu zochita kupanga chifukwa cha% 3-4. Izi anions (PO 4 3-, HCO 3- KOTERO 4 2-) ndi cations (mg 2+, K +, Na +). The organics (pafupifupi 10%) anawagawa asafe-free (mafuta, shuga, lactate, phospholipids) ndi asafe munali zinthu (kwa amino zidulo, mapuloteni, urea). Anapezeka ku madzi a m'magazi zinthu biologically yogwira: michere, mahomoni ndi mavitamini. Iwo mlandu 1%. Kumbali ya histology plasma - ichi sichina ngati madzimadzi intercellular.
erythrocytes
Choncho, kodi magazi a munthu? Kuwonjezera plasma momwemo ndipo zooneka particles. maselo ofiira, kapena erythrocytes, mwina gulu lalikulu kwambiri zigawo izi. maselo magazi Red mu boma okhwima mwauzimu osati pachimake. Mu mawonekedwe iwo amafanana zimbale biconcave. nthawi moyo wawo ndi masiku 120, kenako iwo aonongedwa. Izi zimachitika mu ndulu ndi chiwindi. Maselo ofiira muli mapuloteni zofunika - hemoglobin. Iwo ali ndi mbali yaikulu mu ndondomeko ya kuwombola mpweya. Mu particles awa, zoyendera mpweya ndi mpweya. Ndi mapuloteni hemoglobin zimapangitsa magazi wofiira.
othandiza magazi kuundana
Kodi mwazi wa munthu, kupatula madzi ndi maselo ofiira? Lili othandiza magazi kuundana. Ndi zofunika kwambiri. Ang'onoang'ono maselo sanali nyukiliya ndi awiri a 2-4 micrometer kumathandiza zovuta thrombosis ndi homeostasis. Othandiza ndi mawonekedwe litayamba ngati. Iwo zimafala momasuka m'magazi. Koma mbali awo zimasiyanitsa ndi luso kumva choipa mtima. Kuti ndi ntchito yawo yaikulu. Pamene kuvulala kwa mpanda magazi chotengera olumikiza mzake, "anapatsa" kuwonongeka, n'kupanga aumirira wandiweyani kwambiri amene kumathandiza otaya magazi. Othandiza anapanga pambuyo kugawikana kwa akapolo anzawo akale zikuluzikulu megakaryocytes. Zikupezeka m'mafupa. Total megakaryocyte anapanga ku imodzi 10 tysyach othandiza magazi kuundana. Ichi ndi chiwerengero mwachilungamo lalikulu. The moyo wa maselo othandiza magazi kuundana ndi masiku 9. Kumene, iwo kupulumuka ndi zochepa monga kufa pa blockage mu kuwonongeka magazi chotengera. Achikulire othandiza magazi kuundana apasuke mu ndulu ndipo m'kati phagocytosis ndi chiwindi kudzera maselo Kupffer.
leukocytes
maselo magazi White, kapena leukocytes - wothandizira wa chitetezo cha m'thupi. Izi ndi tinthu okha a anthu omwe ali mbali ya magazi, zimene kusiya m'magazi ndi kulowa zimakhala. Luso limeneli kuthandiza nawo pokwaniritsa ntchito yake yaikulu - chitetezo wothandizira yachilendo. Leukocytes kuwononga mapuloteni tizilombo ndiponso mankhwala ena. Iwo nawo zochita m'thupi, n'cholinga choti T-maselo anazindikira mavairasi, mapuloteni ena ndi zinthu zina. Komanso lymphocytes olekanitsidwa B maselo kubala chitetezo ndi macrophages kudya zikuluzikulu maselo tizilombo. Nkofunika kwambiri matenda a matenda a zindikira magazi. Chinawonjezeka chiwerengero cha maselo oyera mu izo zikusonyeza kutupa akufotokozera.
Ndimapanga ziwalo
Choncho, kupenda kapangidwe ndi ntchito ya magazi, anasiya kulingalira kumene particles ake pakati anapanga. Ali ndi lalifupi alumali moyo, kotero muyenera zonse kusintha iwo. Thupi kusinthika kwa zigawo magazi zochokera njira chiwonongeko cha maselo akale ndipo chotero, mapangidwe atsopano. Kumachitika mu ziwalo hematopoietic. Ofunika kwambiri a iwo a munthu ndi mafupa. Iwo lili fupa yaitali ndi mafupa a chiuno. magazi ndi osasankhidwa mu ndulu ndi chiwindi. Matupi anagwiritsanso ulamuliro wake immunological.