Kubzala ndi kukula mtedza

Walnut akhoza kukula kwa mbali yaikulu ya m'dziko la Russia. Adzaupereka kwa mitundu mtengo kwambiri. Malinga ndi kuchuluka kwa katundu zabwino mtedza ndi pafupifupi Palibenso pakati pa mamembala ena a ufumu mbewu.

Tree amalima mofulumira, zipatso wowolowa manja ndipo ndithu nthawi yaitali. Kulima mtedza amalola thanzi ndi kupereka thupi ndi mankhwala apamwamba zonse. Wokwanira mitengo 2-3 pa malo, kuti chiwerengero ofunikira zokoma, thanzi ndi wathanzi yokolola. Pamaziko a mtedza zipatso akhoza kuphikidwa mbale zosiyanasiyana ndi condiments, komanso kupanga mankhwala ogwira.

wamaluwa ambiri amachita chidwi ndi mmene kukula mtedza kuti izo cholimba ndipo zimasangalatsa mibadwo yambiri ya mtunduwu. M'nkhani ino tikambirana njira kuswana ndi kulima za mtengo umenewu.

Walnut mu Moscow: kukula

Walnut - mkulu kufalitsa mtengo umene uli masamba lalikulu kwambiri, wotumbululuka makungwa imvi ndi otchuka pa dziko lonse zipatso.

Today n'kovuta kwambiri kupeza malo wakunja kwatawuni, n'cholinga kukula walnuts. Mu dela la mzinda kulima mtengo uwu ali ndi mavuto. Apa obzalidwa kwambiri yozizira-Hardy ndi maonekedwe oyambirira a mitundu zipatso. Izi wodzichepetsa ndi cholimba chikhalidwe limakula bwino ndi kubala zipatso mu osiyanasiyana nthaka ndi mtunda osiyana. Komabe, mu mchenga kwambiri ndi dziko bwino mpweya wokwanira ndi bwino kukula mtedza. Pansi ayenera udzakhazikitsidwe pa akuya osachepera 1.5 m. M'madera louma awonetsetse kuthirira.

kubalana walnuts

Ambiri amachita chidwi ndi funso mmene kukula walnuts. Iwo akhoza zimafalitsidwa m'njira ziwiri: mbewu ndi vegetative (by kumezetsanitsa).

mbewu kafalitsidwe

Kulima mtedza mbewu ndi akafuna kubalana. mbewu kukolola yekha ku zodalira madera mtedza. Anasankha wathanzi, popanda kuwononga kwambiri yozizira nkhuni testis, amene ali kukula bwino, ndipo ali pachaka mkulu zokolola (osachepera 20-25 makilogalamu youma mtedza). Zipatso za mtengo ayenera kukhala lalikulu. Ngale - mwachita bwino mosavuta kuchotsedwa. Nyengo yokolola mbewu anatsimikiza ndi maonekedwe awo, ndi kukhwima kwa pericarp (mankhusu). Ngati wobiriwira kale osokoneza kapena mosavuta anapambulwa pa ang'ambe thupilo, n'zotheka kukolola mbewu.

Sayansi ya kukula mtedza mbewu motere: woyamba wa mtedza onse anasonkhana lidzayeretsedwa ku pericarp ndi mkati mwa sabata mu dzuwa zouma, kenako pansi pa denga pa maalumali mauna. kuyanika Final ndi kusunga ikuchitika mu chipinda youma pa kutentha + 19-20 ^° C ankafika yekha anasankha wathanzi, nthawi zonse mtedza mawonekedwe.

Kufesa mbewu mu kugwa. Njira yaikulu kukonzekera ndi stratification awo, popanda zomwe yokutidwa mtedza zimere kwa nthawi yaitali. Komanso, sizingatheke kupeza alimbane mfundo n'kupeza.

Nthawi akafuna stratification zimadalira makamaka pa makulidwe Mwachidule:

• Tolstokorov mbewu - za 90-100 masiku pa yozungulira kutentha 0-7 ° C;
• mtedza ndi pakati zitani zipolopolo, - masiku 35-45 pa 16-18 ° C.

Komabe, ngakhale anthu mtedza anthu osunga stratification ali m'goli kumera nthawi - naklevyvanie awo zingatenge masiku oposa 20. chitani motere chifukwa mofulumira unsembe.

Pamaso ankafika mtedza kugwira anali kwa kanthawi pa kutentha 15-18 ° C zapeskovannymi mpaka iwo naklyunutsya. Kenako zosankhidwa pa Zidamera ndi utakula ndi yokutidwa payokha.

Ngati kuchuluka kwa mbewu zochepa, zingakuyendereni bwino pa kutola wa mbewu. Stratification imagwiridwa 10 March 15 pa kutentha 14-18 ° C.

mtedza kumera kumayambira mochedwa April. Ntchito chifukwa chodzala mbande ndi masamba awiri. Madzi ikuchitika mawu atatu. Pamaso kubzala, mbewu iliyonse kutsina mapeto a taproot lapansi.

Mbewu ndi mbande pricking kukonzekera ntchito dothi chonde, analimbikitsa 10 ° C. A mtunda mizere - za 10-15 cm.

mtedza Large obzalidwa kuti akuya masentimita 10, ang'ono ndi sing'anga - 7-9 masentimita mphukira kwa mbande kufika molunjika mu okonzeka dzenje mtedza kufalitsa mmbali, pa m'mphepete ..

Pa zaka zoyambirira za m'nthaka lotseguka mbande limakula pang'onopang'ono. Kukula katundu, yalula kwa zaka 3, ndi kulima mbewu mtedza oyenera kubzala m'munda, zingatenge 5-7 Pet.

Choncho, njira yabwino kwambiri akuti ndi kukula mbande mu filimu kutentha. Pankhaniyi, patapita chaka linanena bungwe rootstocks muyezo ukufika 55-60%, ndi 2-kukula pachaka 90% ya mbewu ndi zoyenera oyamba m'munda pa zonse.

mbande zipatso kuyambira mu za 8-12 zaka.

Industrial kulima mtedza kumezetsanitsa

Imodzi mwa njira zikuluzikulu za vegetative kafalitsidwe wa mtedza ndi ikuphukira kutchire. ikuphukira nthawi Uwerenge zikutanthauza kutentha tsiku (kuti akhale pamwamba 10 ° C). Kutalika mulingo woyenera budding - masiku 12-16, mlingo kupulumuka ndi 60-90% ya maso.

Walnut kupanga ngati akafuna kubalana ndikofunikira kusunga makhalidwe abwino a zipatso mayi mtengo.

Popeza mtedza ali ndi impso m'malo lalikulu, pamene inoculation amatenga zikuluzikulu khumudwitsidwa kutumphuka kuti pa maso nthawi prizhivaniya adzapereka kuchuluka kwake chofunika wa madzi ndi zakudya. katemera danga m'chiuno polyethylene kapena PVC filimu.

Komabe, ngakhale mu nyengo si ozizira kwambiri pafupifupi 90% ya masamba anakhazikitsa kugwa chifukwa chosadziwa hardiness afa. Choncho okulirovannye mbande kugwa, pambuyo yothothola masamba, kukumba ndi kusunga pa masika mu chapansi kapena yosungirako zina pa kutentha pafupifupi 0 ° C.

Mu April, nthaka pambuyo Kutentha kwa 10 ° C, okulyanty mwachindunji anabzala mu nazale. Pofika kumapeto kwa chaka choyamba cha zaka chomwecho amakula masentimita 102-168. Tsopano iwo ali oyenera kubzala m'munda.

Katemera angathe kuchitidwa mu yozizira ndi kutentha kwa. Kuti tichite zimenezi, rootstocks ali anakumba m'dzinja ndipo anapitiriza pa ziro kutentha prikopalis chapansi kapena kuuluka sitolo iliyonse.

Mu njira yomweyo, ndi cuttings imapachikidwa mtedza kukolola mu kugwa. Mu mwezi wa March, pa 15 masiku isanafike katemera, rootstocks obzalidwa mu matumba cylindrical pulasitiki (m'mimba mwake 10-15 cm, kutalika 20-25 cm), wodzazidwa ndi lachonde ndi kunditumiza ku kutentha kumene kutentha 24-25 ° C.

Cuttings kwa masiku angapo pamaso katemera ndi kusungidwa kutentha mu utuchi lonyowa ndi steamed.

Pamene kukula kwa Scion akuyamba, zomera musaumitse, potero accustoming iwo kunja ozizira mpweya ndi drier. Pambuyo kutsekedwa kasupe frosts mwachindunji anabzala mu nazale.

Ankafika pa zonse ndi mbewu yabwino ndi zaka 2. zomera ndikamezetsanidwemo kuyamba kubala zipatso kale pa chaka 3-4th mutabzala.

Space mtengo

Asanayambe kupanga mtedza, inu muyenera kuganiza mmene adzapatsidwa malo m'tsogolo. Kumbukirani kuti mtengo udzabala mkulu zokolola okha kuwala bwino, kotero inu angakhale ndi nsembe zina mitengo pafupi kukula. 25-30 wazaka mtedza ali m'mimba mwake kwa chisoti 8-12 mamita (malinga ndi mtundu wa mitengo ndi chonde).

Kubzala ndi kukula

Ngati mwaganiza chomera m'munda wa mtedza mtedza, kubzala, kulima ndi mapangidwe mitengo achinyamata ayenera idzachitika motere:

• Sankhani malo abwino oyenera kubzala.
• Anakumba dzenje pafupifupi 1 mita mwakuya.
• Earth otsalira pambuyo yomanga, wothira humus chawola mu kuchuluka kwa 8-10 makilogalamu ndi feteleza yeniyeni. Izi zachitika ntchito yobweretsa bwino nkhuni.
• Mbeu yaikidwa pa akuya masentimita 15. M'pofunika kuonetsetsa kuti chipatso sapereka mbali lakuthwa ndi ulusi mmwamba. Apo ayi, mtengo kwa nthawi yaitali siyingabale zipatso.

zomera ayenera anabzala kuti kolala muzu chidafundidwa ndi dziko lapansi zosaposa 4-5 cm.

Kodi mitengo wamng'ono

Yovomerezeka korona mtundu 3:

• bezyarusny,
• Chapamwamba-tiered.
• cupped.

Nkofunika kupanga Bookmark nthambi chigoba mu gawo loyamba, ndipo m'kupita kwa mtengo adzatha mwangwiro kulenga yokha. Ngakhale kuwongolera longline-mtundu korona pambuyo chodzala mtengo pang'ono adzafupikitsidwa pa kutalika kwa 130-140 cm. M'tsogolo, nthambi zanthete pafupi thunthu (pa kutalika kwa 90-100 cm) m'pofunika kusiya. Anapitiriza mu zone korona 3 kapena nthambi 4 mbali imene kukula mu madera osiyana, ndi wochititsa chapakati (kasupe lotsatira kufupikitsa ake 70-100 masentimita kupanga gawo lachiwiri).

yokonza Komanso ikuchitika yekha ndi kuchotsa kukula mkati korona ndi nthambi kuonongeka. Nthawi zambiri zinachitidwa mu kasupe.

kuthirira

Walnut kupanga kumafuna kuthirira mitengo achinyamata m'chaka ndi chilimwe, pamene iwo ayenera mokwanira wambirimbiri madzi. Pa mtengo uliwonse adzatenga za 3 ndowa ya madzi pa 1 sq. mita wa nthaka. Tree madzi nthawi 2 mwezi. Mitengo pamwamba 4 mamita mu msinkhu ndi madzi zochepa intensively.

kuchititsa kudya

Mitengo ayenera manyowa nthawi 2 chaka - mu kasupe ndi yophukira. M'chaka, kupanga nayitrogeni fetereza, ndi kugwa - potashi wapadera ndi mankwala. mitengo wamkulu muyenera makilogalamu 7-8 wa ammonium nitrate, makilogalamu 9,8 wa superphosphate ndi 2 kg ya mchere potaziyamu.

Sungani zipatso

Takambirana kale zimene zimaonetsa mtedza. Kukula ndi kusamalira mitengo iwo akhala anafotokozedwa ndi ife. Tsopano tiyeni tikambirane za zokolola.

Nthawi deta ya mtedza anatsimikiza pa pericarp wobiriwira. Akayamba osokoneza, mukhoza kuyamba kumanga. Pambuyo mbewu ndi kukolola, chipatso bwino kugwira kwa sabata m'chipinda chapansi pa nyumba. Pambuyo pake kudzakhala kosavuta kuyeretsa ndi anasintha chifukwa mankhusu linada.

Kotero kuti pa yoyeretsa ya mtedza sali wauve manja anu, muyenera kuvala magolovesi. Zipatso muli zambiri ayodini, kotero manja ndi wakuda. Pambuyo kukonza mtedza ayenera chizitsukidwa ndi zouma padzuwa.