Kukula ming'oma monga bizinesi: ndemanga ndi uphungu

Pangani bizinesi ndi ndalama zochepa kapena mwamsanga kubweza ndi loto kwa anthu ambiri. Kwa iwo omwe amakonda kubzala ndi kukolola pakhomo pawo, pali mwayi wapadera wokhala "ntchito" yopindulitsa yomwe imapereka ndalama zowonjezera. Izi ndi kulima maluwa monga bizinesi (kunyumba).

Kuchita bizinesi ya pachaka

Bowa - chaka chonsechi ankafuna mankhwala. Kuchokera kwa iwo kukonzekera zakudya zokoma ndi amayi akukhitchini zawo, komanso oyang'anira m'malesitilanti amtundu uliwonse. Kwa anthu ambiri, bowa ndi chakudya chokoma komanso chopatsa thanzi chimene amalola kulipira. Kwa ena, kukula kwamaluwa monga bizinesi ndi gwero la ndalama.

Momwemo kuyendetsa bizinesi ya bowa sikolemetsa, ndipo mukhoza kuyamba kupeza phindu miyezi iwiri. Chinthu chachikulu ndicho kudziwa malo ndi kuchuluka kwa malonda.

Malamulo ndi Makhalidwe a Mabizinesi Amalonda

Monga bizinesi yopindulitsa iliyonse, kukula kwa bowa-bowa monga bizinesi kumafuna kukonzekera zikhalidwe ndi mawerengedwe ena.

Kusankha malo kungathetsedwe ndi zotsatirazi:

• Kwa bizinesi ya chaka chonse ikhoza kukhala ndi wowonjezera kutentha.
• Ngati pali chipinda chapansi, nkhokwe kapena chapansi, mukhoza kuwakonzera ntchito yogulitsa bowa.
• Kukula kwa nyengo ya maluwa - monga bizinesi nyengo ya chilimwe: pansi pa mitengo ya zipatso pamtunda.

Chosavuta kwambiri ndi kulima nyengo, chifukwa sichifuna zipangizo zamakono.

Ubwino wa kulimbitsa

Kuyamba kwa malonda onse ayenera kuyamba ndi kuwerengera pa ndalama za ndalama, nthawi yobwezera komanso phindu. Kupeza a mycelium lero sikuli kovuta, monganso kufunafuna msika wogulitsira bowa, kotero ubwino wodabwitsa wa bizinesiyi ndi wowonekera:

• Kutenga phindu loyamba kwa mwezi wachitatu mutatha kuika mycelium.
• Kukhoza kupeza ndalama zamuyaya za chaka chonse.
• Ntchito yosavuta, yofikiridwa ngakhale kwa woyambitsa.
• Kugwiritsa ntchito zipangizo zilizonse.

Ndondomeko yamalonda "Kukula maluwa" ayenera kuyamba ndi kupeza ndi kumanga malo abwino.

Bungwe lochita kutentha

Amaluwa ambiri amasankha kugwiritsa ntchito malo obiriwira omwe amapindula kawiri. Amasankha bowa mmenemo kuyambira September mpaka February, kenako ayambe kubzala masamba oyambirira. Njirayi imapereka phindu lopindulitsa kwambiri, monga momwe nkhumba zimagwirira ntchito nthawi yachisanu ndi nyengo yozizira, komanso pa masamba oyambirira - m'chaka.

Kukula kwa ming'oma monga bizinesi, malingaliro a amalonda amalimbikitsa izi, ndibwino kuti muyambe kuchita kuyambira m'dzinja mpaka kumapeto, monga momwe masamba akuonekera kuti kufunika kwa bowa kumagwa pang'ono.

Zowonjezera kutentha

Kwa bowa, mungathe kusintha mafilimu omwe amawotchera kapena kutentha ndi kumanga pa Grachev. Komanso yoyenera kuphimba magalasi. Chinthu chachikulu ndi chakuti muzipinda zina sizidzakhala zovuta kupanga kutentha ndi chinyezi chofunika, zomwe zimakhala zofunikira kwambiri ku bowa.

Zowonjezera kutentha zomwe zimapangidwa ndi filimu kapena polycarbonate ndizosavuta kwambiri, kotero kuti kukula kwa maluwa monga bizinesi kungabweretse mavuto ambiri ndikubweretsa ndalama zambiri.

Makhalidwe a wowonjezera kutentha:

• Choyamba, chiyenera kuperekedwa ndi kutentha. Zitha kutentha ndi gasi kapena magetsi. Ndikofunika kuti pakhale bwino mpweya wabwino, popeza kompositi yomwe bowa imakula imatulutsa carbon dioxide, ndipo imayenera kutuluka nthawi zonse. Alimi okondweretsa adasinthidwa m'malo obiriwira a maluwa kuti apange nkhaka, zukini ndi dzungu. Izi zimapereka nthawi yochepa yogwiritsira ntchito microclimate, monga zomera zimathandizana komanso zimakhala pamodzi.
• Kukula kwa ming'oma monga phindu la bizinesi kumafulumira chifukwa chogwiritsa ntchito masamulo. Njira iyi ya Dutch imakulolani kuti muwonjezere kugwiritsa ntchito malo, kusiya malo okolola akhoza kusonkhanitsidwa mosavuta ndi mofulumira. Ngati pali mwayi wopezera ndalama muzitsulo, izi zidzakuthandizani kusamalira maluwa. Zida zingakhale mapulasitiki kapena mabokosi a matabwa, omwe amachitidwa ndi anti-mold.
• Kukonzekera kwa dothi.

Mu makonzedwe a greenhouses ayenera kuyesa ndalama, ngati inu mukukonzekera bizinesi chaka chonse. Ngati mwalemba bwino ndikugwiritsira ntchito ndondomeko ya bizinesi, kukula kwa bowa-champignons mu malo apadera kumabwereranso mwamsanga kumalonda ndi ndalama zonse.

Mphepete mkati

Kuyika mu bizinesi kunali kochepa, pamaso pa chipinda chapansi pa nyumba kapena m'chipinda chapansi pa nyumba mungagwiritse ntchito dera lawo. Zolinga za malo abwino:

• Njira yabwino ikadakhala yokhala ndi apamwamba kwambiri kuti pakhale kosavuta kusunga ukhondo komanso kusamalidwa ndi mycelium.
• Pofuna kulima bowa monga bizinesi (ndemanga, zithunzi za omwe apindula kale, izi zatsimikiziridwa) zimapereka ndalama zambiri komanso zokolola zochuluka, ndi bwino kukonzekera malo ndi malo osungiramo katundu. Amasunga malo ndipo amalola kuti tizilombo tonse tipeze bowa ndi zosiyana, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti madziwo asinthe.
• Bowa la kuunikira sikofunikira, motero n'zotheka kukonzekera kuwala, kokwanira kwa iwo omwe amawasamalira ndi kusonkhanitsa mbewu.

Pansi pa famu ya bowa

• Mpweya wabwino uyenera kukhala wapamwamba kwambiri, osati tizilombo tosungunuka, womwe umagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi matope abwino. Ndikofunika kuti palibe ma drafts, kotero, kuphatikizapo zikhomo, ndibwino kugwiritsa ntchito mafani pamwamba pa mabedi kapena mafano oyeretsa mpweya.
• Kukula kwa ming'oma monga bizinesi kumafuna kuti nthawi zonse zisawonongeke ndi kutentha kwa mpweya. Ndikofunika kukonzekera chipinda ndi hygrometer ndi thermometer. Kuonjezera chinyezi, ndikwanira kupopera mabedi ndi pansi, ndikuchepetsa - kutsegula kapena kutentha.
• Ngati malowa ndi aakulu, ndiye kuti akhoza kugawanika kukhala malo odyetserako mycelium ndi dipatimenti yowonjezera maluwa, zomwe zidzakulitsa zokololazo, motero, phindu.
• Kutaya malo opatsirana kumalo ndi kovomerezeka musanayambe ntchito. Zikhoza kutsuka laimu losakanizika ndi mkuwa sulfate, kupopera mankhwala ndi mankhwala 4% a formalin kapena fuming ndi sulfuri. Nkhumba zimagwira nkhungu ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, kotero muyenera kuyang'ana zokololazo, ndikuyika zitsanzo za odwala mu chidebe chosiyana ndi kuziwononga.

Kukula ming'oma monga bizinesi (ndemanga, kukula, kuchokera kwa alimi ena a galimoto - ku chitsimikizo ichi) ndizochitika momwe zimalimbikitsira kugwiritsa ntchito chipinda chilichonse chosakhala choyenera poyamba. Chinthu chachikulu ndichokuteteza ku zojambula, kutentha, kuthamanga ndi kuteteza ku tizirombo ndi nkhungu. Zomera zidzapindula ndi zokolola zambiri.

Kompositi

Kugulidwa kwa mycelium ndi kukonzekera kwa sing'anga yamchere kumaphatikizapo ndondomeko yamalonda "Kukula maluwa" ndi zinthu zofunika kwambiri mmenemo. Zokolola zochuluka zimapezeka ngati manyowa a mahatchi amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwa kompositi. Koma ngati palibe zotheka, ndiye kuti zitosi za ng'ombe kapena mbalame zidzachita.

Zosakaniza za chilengedwe cha substrate:

• Manyowa a mahatchi;
• Fodya;
• Urea;
• Ammonium sulfate;
• Superphosphate, choko kapena alabaster.

Kuti mukhale ndi kompositi wabwino, muyenera kusunga zigawo zonse. Kuviikidwa mu udzu kwa tsiku, ikani pansi, ndiye manyowa, kachiwirinso udzu ndi manyowa. Zigawo zoterezi ziyenera kukhala zidutswa 6-8. Mukasanjikiza chingwe chilichonse ayenera kuthiriridwa ndi madzi otentha.

Pambuyo masiku 3-4, zonsezi zikhale zosakaniza, kuwonjezera urea ndi superphosphate kwa iwo. Pambuyo pake masiku 3-4, gwiritsaninso kachiwiri ndi kuwonjezera zotsalirazo, ndipo motero 4-5, ndipo kokha m'thumba lomaliza m'thupi limaphatikizidwa ndi gypsum.

Kubzala kwa mycelium

Pambuyo pa kompositi "yakucha", m'pofunika kuwonjezera "mbewu" za maluwa kuti apeze mycelium. Pa 1 mamita ^{2 a} sing'anga yamchere, 500 g ya mycelium kompositi kapena 400 g ya mbewu spores.

Iwo amafesa gawo lapansi, limene chala chimapangidwa ndi zilembo pamtunda wa masentimita 20-25, pomwe mbeu imayikidwa. Ngati spores amagwiritsidwa ntchito kufesa, ndiye ndikwanira kuwaza zakudya zamkati.

Kutentha kwa mpweya kwa makulitsidwe a mycelium ayenera kukhala +20 ... + madigiri 27. Pamene masiku a 10-12 mycelium ayamba kukulirakulira, ayenera kukonzedwa ndi chisakanizo cha peat, dziko lapansi ndi miyala yamadzimadzi mumtundu wa 5: 4: 1 ndipo nthawi ndi nthawi imapulumulidwa, osalola kuti zakudya zowonjezera ziume.

Kukolola

Mlimi wake woyamba kubzala "mushroom" adzatha kusonkhanitsa masiku 35-50, pokhapokha ngati kumera kompositi ndi masiku 20-25. Malingana ndi komwe kusasitsa kwachitika ndi momwe sing'angayo ikonzedwera, zokolola zikhoza kukhala zapamwamba kwambiri kapena zochepa.

Kukula ming'oma monga bizinesi, ndemanga za ozindikira "bowa" omwe akudziwa bwino izi, zimatsimikizira izi, - bizinesi yopindulitsa kwambiri, monga momwe fruiting ikugwiritsidwira ntchito-chaka chonse.

Mlengalenga kutentha musanayambe nkhumba ziyenera kukhala +22 ... +26 madigiri. Ngati kutenthedwa, masambawa adzakwera mofulumira ndipo adzakhala ndi kachipewa kakang'ono pamlendo wautali. Zogulitsa zotere sizigulitsidwa. Pa kutentha kwa +12 madigiri mycelium amasiya kubereka zipatso. Choncho, ngati zipewa zikuwonekera ndi fungo la bowa likumveka, kutentha kumayenera kuchepetsedwa kufika +15 ... +16 madigiri.

Sungani bowa mosamala, kuti musawononge malo awo. Kuti achite izi, munthu ayenera kugwira miyendo ya dzanja limodzi ndi zala limodzi ndi nthaka, ndipo ina imakhala yosavuta kuti ikhale yosiyana ndi mycelium. Ndikoyenera kukolola zipatso zonse, ngakhale zing'onozing'ono, chifukwa ngati mutadula bowa lalikulu kwambiri, ena onse amasiya kukula ndikuyamba kuvunda.

Ziyenera kukumbukira kuti ndi njira yoyenera, mukhoza kusonkhanitsa kuchokera ku makilogalamu 5 a champignons ndi 1m ² pafupipafupi. Choncho, powerenga kuchuluka kwa bizinesi, muyenera kuganizira nthawi yomwe mungagwiritsire ntchito.

Sungani yosungirako

Pofuna kusunga mbewu yokolola kumunda waukulu, pamene kuli kovuta kusamalira kwa tsiku limodzi, muyenera kuganizira za firiji musanayambe. Mphamvu zawo zimawerengedwa kuchuluka kwa kilogalamu ya mankhwala omaliza ndi 1 m ² . Kotero, mu chipinda cha 30 mamita ² izi zidzakhala pafupifupi makilogalamu 150 patsiku.

Kutenga bowa ndi njira yovuta, ndipo salekerera mwamsanga. Kuonjezera apo, mbeu yokolola iyenera kupatulidwa ndi khalidwe ndi kukula.

Musanayambe kuika bowa m'firiji, ayenera kutenthedwa pang'ono m'chipindacho ndi kutentha kwakukulu.

Sitikulimbikitsidwa kudzaza mabokosi ozizira ndi mabokosi omwe ali okonzeka kutumiza mankhwala pamwamba, popeza ngakhale bowa amafunika kuwunika mlengalenga.

Ngati, pazifukwa zina, mutu wa bowa uli ndi mapepala a bulauni kapena imvi, ndipo mwendo uli wopotoka, zikutanthauza kuti mwamsanga kuchotsa mushroom wodwalayo kuchokera ku mycelium pamodzi ndi "achibale" omwe ali pafupi. Ikani msuzi wodzaza ndi tebulo mchere. Ngati simukuchita izi, mukhoza kuwononga malo onse, ndipo muyenera kuyambitsa bizinesi yoyamba.

Ngati matenda akupezeka, akufunika kupeza chitsime ndikuchiletsa. Izi zingayambidwe ndi nkhungu, yomwe imachotsedwa mosavuta. Ndibwino kuwotcha bowa wovunda, ndipo pambuyo pake musamatsukitse zovala ndi manja.

Palibe chifukwa choti mugwiritse ntchito mankhwala opangira mankhwala kapena poizoni kuchokera ku tizirombo. Atagwiritsa ntchito, bowa zidzakhala zoopsa ku thanzi ndipo ziyenera kuwonongedwa. Ndi bwino kutaya mycelium kapena angapo kusiyana ndi kuyika moyo wa wina.

Bowa sizingatheke, kotero ndikwanira kuyang'ana mpweya wabwino, palibe nkhungu ndi tizilombo kuti tipeze bizinesi yopindulitsa.