Kutanthauza lamulo m'firiji pamtunda mu mizimu? Chitsitsimutso cha chikhalidwe mu 50-60s

Chachisanu March 1953 chochitika zinachitika kuti kopambana zinasinthidwa njira ya mfundo kunja ndi mkati mwa USSR. Iye anafa Stalin. Nthawi iyi, njira kuonetsa ulamuliro akhala wotopa, kotero Stalinist Inde proteges mwachangu anali kugwira ena kusintha umalimbana optimizing chuma kukhazikitsa kusintha chikhalidwe. nthawi iyi ankatchedwa m'firiji pamtunda. Kutanthauza lamulo m'firiji pamtunda ku dziko la mizimu, zimene maina atsopano anaonekera pa zachikhalidwe cha dziko, mukhoza kuwerenga m'nkhani ino.

XX Congress wa CPSU

Mu 1955, pambuyo yosiya wa Malenkov amakhala Soviet mtsogoleri Nikita Sergeevich Hruschev. Mu February 1956, pa Twentieth Party Congress, anapangidwa mawu ake wotchuka za mwambo wa umunthu. Pambuyo pake, mtsogoleri wa ulamuliro analimbikitsidwa kwambiri, ngakhale kuti ankatumikira Stalin.

XX Congress ali anapezerapo ndi njira zosiyanasiyana reformatory mu dziko lathu, kutsitsimuka ndondomeko ya kukonzanso chikhalidwe cha anthu. Kutanthauza lamulo m'firiji pamtunda mu moyo wauzimu ndi mabuku a anthu, tingaphunzire mabuku atsopano komanso mabuku lofalitsidwa panthawiyo.

Policy m'firiji pamtunda mabuku

Mu 1957 iye amapita buku kunja ntchito wotchuka wa Pasternak a "Doctor Zhivago". Ngakhale kuti ntchito imeneyi analetsedwa akupereka circulations yaikulu makope samizdatnyh anapanga pa makina olembera akale. Tsoka chomwecho anachitika ntchito za M. Bulgakov, Grossman ndipo alembi ena a nthawi.

Zimasonyeza ndi buku la ntchito wotchuka wa Solzhenitsyn a "Tsiku lina mu Ivana Denisovicha." Nkhani, limene limafotokoza zoopsa Stalinist m'misasa mlungu, katswiri wamkulu Suslov anakana nthawi yomweyo. Koma mkonzi wa magazini "New World" anatha kusonyeza nkhani ya Solzhenitsyn panokha N. S. Hruschevu, kenako anapatsidwa chilolezo kufalitsa.

Ntchito ndi kutsutsa repressions Stalin, lapeza owerenga ake.

mwayi kubweretsa mfundo zawo kuti owerenga kufalitsa ntchito kwawo ngakhale kufufuza ndi maulamuliro - kuti ndondomeko m'firiji pamtunda anatanthauza mu mizimu ndi mabuku a nthawi.

Chitsitsimutso la zisudzo ndi mafilimu a kanema

Mu 50-60-ntchentche za zisudzo ndi akukumana ndi kubadwanso. Izo zimatanthauza ndondomeko ya m'firiji pamtunda mu mizimu ndi kuchita matsenga, ndi bwino kuuza repertoire wa magawo zapamwamba za m'ma atumwi. Kodi apitawo staging a ogwira ntchito ndi alimi umabwerera kwa gawo chakale repertoire ndi ntchito 20 ntchentche wa XX atumwi. Koma mu bwalo lamasewera wapweteka gulu kalembedwe ntchito, ndi utsogoleri maudindo nawo akuluakulu wosadziŵa ndi osaphunzira. Chifukwa cha zimenezi, ambiri a zisudzo ndi sitinamuone omvera ake kuti: kusewera Meyerhold Vampilov ndi ena ambiri ndipo pena pansi nsalu.

M'firiji pamtunda wokondwa opindulitsa pa mafilimu a kanema a. mafilimu ambiri a nthawi imeneyo anadziwika kupitirira malire a dziko lathu. Ntchito monga "The Cranes Mukuwulukira", "Ivan a Childhood", wambweza yapamwamba mphoto lonse. Soviet mafilimu a kanema anabweretsa athu dziko udindo kinoderzhavy yotayikayo kuchokera nthawi ya Eisenstein.

kuzunza kwa chipembedzo

Kuchepetsa kuthamanga ndale mbali zosiyanasiyana za moyo wa anthu bwanji mfundo chipembedzo cha boma. Kuzunzidwa kwa atsogoleri auzimu ndi chipembedzo itakula. The E a magulu odana ndi chipembedzo Khrushchev yekha. M'malo mwake, chiwonongeko thupi la okhulupirira ndi atsogoleri achipembedzo a zipembedzo zosiyanasiyana mchitidwe ponyozedwa ndi debunking malodza. Kwenikweni, zonse izo zimatanthauza mfundo m'firiji pamtunda mu moyo wauzimu wa okhulupirira, anali langokhala "kukonzanso maphunziro" ndipo anadana.

zotsatira

Mwatsoka, nthawi ya chitukuko chikhalidwe sizinakhalitse. Mfundo yomaliza m'firiji pamtunda wa wakhazikitsa chosaiwalika zinachitika 1962 - kugonjetsedwa kwa chionetsero luso pa Manezh. Ngakhale ufulu kusiya ku Soviet Union, kubwerera kwa masiku mdima wa Stalin sizinachitike. Zimenezo zinatanthauza kuti mfundo m'firiji pamtunda ku dera kwauzimu kwa aliyense nzika, tingathe kufotokoza maganizo kusintha mphepo, kucheperachepera udindo wa misa chikumbumtima ndi kuthandiza munthu monga munthu, ali ndi ufulu maganizo awo.