Basil 1: zaka za boma, makamaka ndale, mkazi ndi ana ake

Kumapeto kwa zaka 13. ndi kotala zoyambirira za m'ma 14. kwa Grand Duchy wa Moscow yodziwika ndi nthawi m'malo chete, popanda mavuto mkati ndi kokha umodzi nkhondo ya gulu. Gawo chinawonjezeka ndi Kuwonjezera m'mayiko ena, chinawonjezeka ang'onoang'ono dziko yogwila nchito zawo. Zonsezi anakhala zikomo zotheka kuti malamulo anzeru a wolamulira wachinyamata. Iyi ndi nthawi pamene wachifumu Kalonga wotanganidwa mwana wa wotchedwa Dmitry Donskoy, Grand Prince wa Moscow Vasily 1. Mu ulamuliro wa mkulu ndi wotchuka komanso mwachidule banja ndi ana ake, mudzapeza nkhaniyi.

chizindikiro Khan a

Kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 13 ndi ufumu wamphamvu wa Genghis Khan analekanitsa boma latsopano - Zolotaya Orda, omwe analipo pafupi yomweyo ya maukulu Russian mpaka kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 14. Ngakhale iwo anapitiriza statehood awo, utsogoleli ndi mpingo paphewa ndi mtolo kukhoma msonkho. Lamuloli amagwira ntchito kalonga osiyana ndi opereka chizindikiro Khan, amene, monga amapereka ufulu mutu wa Grand Duke, komanso thandizo ndale ndi pa nkhondo ya gulu. Kuseri kwa izo poyamba anapita ku Mongolia kenako ku khola.

Mu 1832, pambuyo chisoni Moscow wotchedwa Dmitry Donskoy Ine anatuma kwa Khan Tokhtamysh kuti akakhale ndi chizindikiro kulamulira, kutsogozedwa ndi zaka 11 zakubadwa anali mwana wamkulu Dmitri, tsogolo Grand Duke Vasily 1, amene ulamuliro inayamba mu 1389

nthawi oyambirira

dzina lanu kalonga m'tsogolo polemekeza St. Basil a ku Kayisareya, kuyambira adabadwa tsiku pamaso pa chikondwelero yokumbukira - December 10, 1371 Amayi Basil Eudoxia wa Moscow anachokera Suzdal anali mwana wa Grand Duke Suzdalskogo Dmitriya Konstantinovicha.

Monga tanena pambuyo kuwonongedwa kwa Moscow mu 1882, kalonga wamng'ono anatsogolera alendo pa gulu. chizindikiro Khan anali analandira Dmitriem Donskim, yekha mwana wake Tokhtamysh kumanzere monga akapolo a. Vasiliy anathawa pamene anali ndi zaka 14. mayendedwe ake anagona kudzera Moldavia Peter Musat. Mu Russia izo ingafikiridwe mwa Polish ndi Chilituyaniya chuma. Wotchedwa Dmitry Ivanovich anatumiza anthu kuti akakumane mwana wa boyars, amene anali kugwadira mbali ya mkulu wa Zitsulo. Motero akazembe ndi chipambano ndi bwinobwino anapulumutsa Basil mu Moscow.

Vasily Dmitrievich 1: Mu ulamuliro

Ufulu wachifumu wa Vladimir gulu Basil ndinalandira mu 1389, pambuyo pa imfa ya bambo ake. Kudziteteza ndi madera awo, pafupi nthawi yomweyo anayamba kukambirana ndi mpikisano lalikulu kwambiri: Yuri Dmitrievich m'bale ndi amalume Vladimir wolimba. Origin tinatengera kwa Dmitriya Donskogo Zvenigorod Ruza, Galitch ndi Vyatka, ndipo chachiwiri - anali mkulu wa Serpuhovskoy, wotchedwa Galicia, Borowski, ndi Dmitrovsky Uglitskikh. Amalume Basil anavomera Kumvetsela kuwombola anthu ena angayambe kukukhulupirirani dziko.

Ambiri, nthawi ya ulamuliro wa Basil 1 anayamba ndi kupitiriza njira atate wake, makamaka pa nkhani yokhudza malamulo pakati pa Grand Duke ndi cholowa mwadongosolo kunenetsa ntchito zake zikuluzikulu, koma pa nthawi yomweyo kusiya atumiki tsankho umwini mu Moscow m'mayiko osiyanasiyana. mfundo weniweni wa Atate ake ndi agogo, iye anali m'tsogolo. Chithandizo ndi pochita zinthu ndi ndale wolamulira wachinyamata anapereka Metropolitan Cyprian ndi Moscow otchuka.

Prince anafa February 27, 1425, pa msinkhu wa zaka 53. kumanda lili ndi Angelo Cathedral wa Moscow Kremlin. m'malo mwake anali mwana wamng'ono - Vasiliy Temny (chithunzi pamwambapa). Kuchiyambi kwa ulamuliro wake zinadzala ndi internecine nkhondo mu Muscovy.

Ubale ndi chiguluchi

Ndi Golden gulu Basil Ndinayesetsa kukhala ndi maganizo ndale. Mu 1392 iye choyamba anamugula ndi ufulu Nizhny Novgorod, kutumiza Gorodetsky kalonga kuthetsa mokakamizidwa mu Suzdal. Ndiye utapezeka Meschera, Gorodets, Moore ndi Tarusa. Ndi zoona, zinalili ndi kugulitsa wambiri oloŵa malamulo wogwila. Zolemba pa umwini wa chikalata pamaso yekha pa dziko sinadzatengedwe ndi achibale.

Basil 1 (ulamuliro - 1389-1425), maganizo a ufulu wodzilamulira ku gulu, ndipo pafupifupi sanali Akristu ndalama zawo ndi Khan. Anatumiza msonkho pambuyo kuchoka kwa kapena ndi kanthu kapena mphatso osauka kwambiri. Komabe, mu 1407-1408 gg. molamulidwa ndi Temnik Edigei zinali anachita nkhondo ya Muscovy. Kukwaniritsidwa kwa ntchito imeneyi anali kulanda mzinda wa boma la Russia kwa masabata atatu, amene Komabe, si bwino. Basil sindinawatume asilikali, koma anayesa zamtendere, potero kuyambiranso nkhondo mphamvu mu gulu. Atadziwa kuti ukudza mdani ena Yedigei mopupuluma anasiya likulu Russian, kutenga pa chifundo chomwecho ndi kuwononga mizinda ya ukulu, kuphatikizapo Ryazan, amene unawotchedwa.

Relations ndi Lithuania

Luso zokambirana zokambirana - ndi limodzi mwa makhalidwe waukulu anali Grand Duke Vasily 1. Zaka boma Moscow anayamba pafupifupi imodzi ndi ukwati wake ndi mwana wa Chilituyaniya Grand Duke Vytautas mu 1390. Zingatanthauze kuti sitepe izi zingawathandize kuthetsa mavuto ndi Novgorod. Koma Vytautas anali ndi zolinga zake ndi mapulani. Grand Duke la Lithuania, anayamba mu 1392 ndipo umafuna ntchito chibale latsopano yekha mu zofuna zawo zandale.

Umboni wa zimenezi ndi adani a Smolensk pa nthawi ya chokhudza mu nyumba kalonga. Basil ndinachichotsera, kuganizira kwambiri wololera kuti mfundo kusunga dziko, osati kupita ku nkhondo ndi wolamulira wamphamvu ndi adyera. Ndiye Vytautas anaukira ukulu Ryazan, ndipo malinga ndi mbiri, anali akukonzekera ntchito chifukwa chiguluchi kukhazikitsa ulamuliro wake pa Russia. Mu 1405, iye anapanga ulendo Pskov, Basil ndinayamba kusonkhanitsa ankhondo, kuyitanira Chitata ndi tverichey. Otsutsa anakumana wolimba mtsinje pafupi Tula, koma nkhondo sizinachitike. An armistice anali anamaliza chaka chimodzi.

Potsilizira pake, motsogozedwa Chilituyaniya wa Basil ndinapanga zokambirana yaikulu mawu dera lawo, analola kuthandizapo Duke la Lithuania mu zochitika mkati, koma pa nthawi yomweyo, malamulo ake zachititsa kuti kuchuluka pansi pa ulamuliro wa Moscow Chilituyaniya Orthodox apamwamba, kupewa kuphana pakati maukulu ndi ntchito ulamuliro wa Vytautas kuti m'mbuyo ndewu .

Mkazi ndi ana

Mu 1391, pa Tsiku la Khirisimasi, Basil 1 (analamulira 1389-1425) anakwatira Sophia - Chilituyaniya Mfumukazi ndi mwana yekhayo wa Chilituyaniya Grand Duke Vytautas. Anabereka ana asanu ndi anayi Basil: atsikana anayi, m'modzi wa m'tsogolo anakwatiwa mfumu John VIII Palaeologus, ndi anyamata asanu, amene chimodzi chokha anapulumuka. Mu 1425, Sofia (pacithunzi-thunzi pamwamba pa wolemekezeka ndi mwamuna wake) anakhala regent kwa zazing'ono wolowa Basil II pa ndime ndi Vytautas ndi Prince Peter ndi Andrei Dmitrievich. Mu ukalamba, mkazi kalonga anapita Ascension ansembe yotchedwa kumene anapitiriza kumanga kachisi wa Ascension, amene anayamba nthawi mkazi wa D. Don. The kalonga anafa October 27, 1453 pa kucha ukalamba (zaka 82).

Imeneyi ndi Nkhani mwachidule pofotokoza mmene iye anayamba kulamulira mu ulamuliro wa Basil 1. ndi amene anapanga Grand Duke la Russia - imodzi mwa nkhani chidwi kwambiri m'mbiri. m'malo mwake anapita mwachilungamo khola mkati ndi kunja ndale zinthu ukulu, osati imawonongeka nkhondo yotopetsa, ndi kuti kwambiri kuonjezera gawo.