"Lapidary" - ichi ndi chifukwa wotchedwa?

Mmodzi zikanakhala bwino kuyang'ana mu dikishonare mawu Latin ndi kupeza zotsatira: lapido mu Russian likumasuliridwa kuti "miyala". Tsopano, ku nauni ndi kuchita epithet. Choncho, "lapidary" limatanthauza "mwala"? Nthawi zina Komabe, ntchito Moti ichi maphunziro? Kodi inu mukuti, "Iye anali atakhala ndi lapidary nkhope"? Mwina ayi. Inu simungakhoze akuti "lapidary nyumba." Nthawi zambiri, epithet ichi ntchito molumikizana ndi mawu "kalembedwe" kapena "kalembedwe". Ndipo kuitana njira munthu wakhazikitsa njira lapidary kumutamanda kapena luso lake oratory. Monga, "mwala" kalembedwe kapena kalembedwe kulemba malingaliro anu pa pepala zikuwoneka kwambiri imene inali yovuta kunyamula. Koma tanthauzo kumatanthauza "lapidary", muyenera kupanga mbiri pang'ono.

olembedwa pang'ono Kodi ...

Kale, pepala sankadziwa mu Europe. Zilembo wamba olembedwa pa magome phula. Pamene amakhala makalata zosafunika zidzachotsedwa. Pang'ono mkangano sera spatula angaimbidwenso pamwamba - ndi anafunikiranso pepala losalembedwapo kwa kulemba. Koma zoyenera kuchita ndi kufunika kwa boma malemba, malamulo, malamulo, mapangano lonse? Mukhoza kumene ntchito amtunduwu. Koma ndiye lemba Sangaonetsere poyera pa lalikulu waukulu mumzinda kuti dziŵani nzika nawo. N'chifukwa chake malamulo, malangizo ndi zikalata zina zokhudza mtundu ndi osema miyala. Koma, chifukwa nkhaniyi - kovuta kuti kulemba, lingaliro la mtengo alibe kufalitsa. Zosowa zakale zolembalemba anali kumva, mwachidule, koma pa nthawi yomweyo chogwirika ndiponso yomveka. kalembedwe lino amatchedwa "lapidary". Kutanthauza, kotero kusintha zinthu zina. Iyi ndi njira kufotokoza ponderous ndi kalembedwe woyenera losema mwala ayi.

Achidule ndi lapidary

Ancient Rome wachoka ambiri stelae ndi zipilala, pamene lingaliro anena bwino ndi mwachidule, koma pa nthawi yomweyo wokongola komanso yokongola. Otsatidwa ndi andale amene ankatanthauza kwawo anthu, anasonyeza anakhala okamba losadziwika. Apamwamba, mmodzi wa sayansi chapakati mu Roma, kuphunzira luso la kulankhula. Omvera ayenera captivate ndi kutopa. chotero Iye lapidary - katswiri woona za kalembedwe. Ndipotu, sibwino kuti overdo izo. Kugwiritsa kufupika zingachititse kuti kukana ambiri omvera. Malingana ndi apamwamba Bambo, Horace, m'pamenenso mumayesa mwachidule, zovuta kuzimvetsa ntchito. The oratory kunali kofunika kupeza malo pakati: limaonetseratu, momveka kwambiri, momveka ndi mwachidule kufotokoza maganizo awo, pamene couching iwo mu mawonekedwe chimene chingakhale mu mtima wa kumvetsera kapena owerenga.

Komanso metamorphosis mawu "lapidary"

Luso limeneli kulankhula zokongola ndi mwachidule anakhala pafupi ukoma ku Roma. Koma ndi kugwa kwa ufumu waukulu wa oratory siyinatayike. Ndithudi, pakhala nthawi mu mbiriyakale pamene iye anabwera kwa mafashoni wodzitukumula, zokongola, verbose ndi maluwa mawu. Koma mudzipatsana olemba kwambiri kunyozedwa. Mwachitsanzo, Shakespeare, amene anakhalako mu nyengo zimenezi, analemba kuti: "Mawu zambiri - wam'ng'ono kulemera ali." Ndipo lalikulu Russian tingachipeze powerenga Leo Tolstoy anati kuti maganizo mwachidule zabwino chifukwa amasangalatsa owerenga ambiri anzeru kuganiza. A chidwi Mwachitsanzo lapidary kalembedwe ndi mawu. Izi ziganizo yochepa imene ganizo kwambiri chimaoneka bwino. Ndi oseketsa, koma pali aphorisms za kufupika. Nzosadabwitsa Anton Pavlovich Chehov ananena za izo. Iye ali ndi mawu amene lonseli - mosavuta ndi kufupika - mlongo luntha.

"Lapidary": Mawu akuti mu luso chi

Kufupika, momveka, conciseness - izi ndi makhalidwe amene ukanadzatenga chimakono luso. Popandukira kalembedwe maphunziro, izo wayambira ndi zikwapu logwira, yowutsa mudyo, kuwala mitundu popanda halftones. Ndi Cholinga kusonyeza mmene zinthu popanda anakopekanso choonadi. Pano pali kufotokozera cubism mu 1921, mmodzi wa Kuikiradi wake, luso ndi ndani Makovsky: "Kalembedwe chosintha ya penti lapidary. Izi luso latsopano salola woyengeka, izo Podzazidwa izi corny. " Zochitika amene anakhudzidwa osati luso chabwino m'zaka za m'ma makumi awiri, komanso mabuku. Ndipo mu nthawi yathu kuti wapeza ntchito mawu akuti "Minimalism" - mtundu wa lapidary kalembedwe panagona mkati.

ufumu

Iye amene wandiona nyumba, anamanga mu kalembedwe Ufumu, mukaikire. Kodi ndi ofanana, wolemera, azigometsa ndi zokongoletsa mwala ndi mapulani zitsulo malleable whopper ndi lapidary? Ufumu - ndi kusinthidwa mawu "ufumu". Kalembedwe anakhala yapamwamba mu nthawi ya Napoleon Bonaparte. Kenako, Yezu akwatwa pa kubwezeretsedwa. Mu kukula kwa Soviet Union amadziwika chidwi mphukira zake - ufumu wa Stalin. Choncho, chimene chimabweretsa yokongola ndi maapulo, mapeyala, pakubwezeretsa kuchokera cornucopia ndi, mwakemu olemedwa ndi zikwakwa, nyundo, ndipo mowolowa manja, ngati si - chopambanitsa cornices chokongoletsedwa ndi kalembedwe, amene amatchedwa "lapidary"? kugwirizana imeneyi Ancient Rome. Monga mukukumbukira, pa lapidary tiwadziwa ku Pamwalawo chikumbutso ndi zolemba. Pakuti nyumba kalembedwe Ufumu yodziwika ndi mizati zosowa zakale, pilasters, ndi zolinga za friezes Olympic nthano, komanso lalifupi lapidary zolemba potamanda ukoma boma ndi anthu.