Lev Zadov-Zinkovskiy - Mutu wa Counterintelligence Chiwukirano zigawenga zambiri Army la Ukraine Nestor Makhno

Lev Zadov anali kuimira otchuka wa nyengo yovuta ya Civil nkhondo. An anarchist ndi otsimikiza, choyamba anamenyana pa mbali ya Red Army, kenako anasamukira zigawengazo Makhno. Atagonjetsedwa za "wobiriwira" Zadoff anathawira ku Romania. Ngakhale yamtendere, anabwerera kwawo, kumene ndinayamba kugwira ntchito kwa NKVD.

zaka zoyambirira

Anabadwa Lev Nikolaevich Zadov April 11, 1893. Ndi mtundu anali Myuda, ndipo dzina lake lenileni lidalembedwa ngati Zodov. Koma kucheza Makhno bwino chifukwa cha dzina lake Zinkovskiy. Lev Nikolaevich Zadov anabadwa mu mzinda waung'ono Ayuda pafupi masiku ano Donetsk. Ngakhale anthu Ayuda anakhala m'midzi yaying'ono kumadzulo zigawo za Russian Ufumu. Iwo anali olumikizidwa ndi kukhalapo kwa wofooka wa Kwawokhawokha. Ayuda kukhazikika m'chigawo chapakati cha dziko. Koma panali zambiri mu Ukraine ndi Poland.

Mu XIX mochedwa - oyambirira XX atumwi. Ayuda ambiri anayambanso mamembala a gulu chosintha. Ndinali nazonso ndi Lev Nikolaevich Zadov. Zikomo othamanga wake kumanga izo kwa m'badwo yoyambirira ntchito m'makampani osiyanasiyana (pa mphero fakitale ndi zina zotero. D.). Mu chilengedwe, zinali mabodza kalikiliki kayendedwe kwakukulu ndale. Choncho Zadov zosavuta kukhala anarchist. Iye amagaŵila mabuku oletsedwa, anachita nawo mu misonkhano. yake anali zothandiza makamaka akuba kapena "expropriations." Amadziwika kuti anarchist wamng'ono anali nawo ntchito osachepera atatu amenewa. Ankafuna kusintha zinthu mopitirira zinalandidwa odikira, siteshoni njanji ndipo positi ofesi. ndalama anapita kwa anawapatsa ndalama za kayendedwe chosintha, kenako ntchito pa makina zipangizo kampeni.

M'ndende ndi Red Army

Mu 1913, Lev Nikolaevich Zadov kwa ntchito yake zokayikitsa anamangidwa ndi akuluakulu a boma. bwalo analamula kuti zaka eyiti m'ndende yakalavula gaga. Ndi chifukwa cha anarchist dissonant anasintha dzina lake n'kukhala Zinkovskaya. Mu February 1917 panali kusintha. Ufumu unagwa, ndipo boma latsopano wogwirizira analengeza Amnesty kwa onse "akayidi andale." Choncho, Zinkovskiy anamasulidwa atatumikira theka la ndandanda.

Chosintha anabwerera Yuzovka kwawo (posachedwapa anadzatchedwa mu Donetsk), pamene iye anali osankhidwa ndi kazembe antchito wamba. Pambuyo Bolsheviks anayamba kulamulira Zinkovskiy mwaufulu anaonekera mu Red Army. asilikali ake anali kuti abwerere kwa Tsarina. Ngakhale kuti anali m'mavuto kuti anakumana ndi a Civil nkhondo, wamba kale anasonyeza kuti amatha wanzeru ndipo posakhalitsa analimbikitsidwa kuti mutu wa brigade lapansi. Zadov koma posachedwapa anasiya Red Army. Monga Iye anafotokoza limodzi la mafunso ndi NKVD, pa chothaŵa zikhulupiriro zake kudakali. Pamene likulu ku gawo ndi malipiro, Zinkovskaya monga bwana wamkulu analipira 750 rubles. Wamba analandira kakhumi zochepa. Izi anakwiya anarchist, ndipo iye anapita ku Ukraine. Kenako GPU wa NKVD anamkumbutsa kuti chothaŵa mu 1918.

Dzanja lamanja la Makhno

Iye anakhala latsopano mkulu wa Zadoff, Nestor Makhno - anarchist ndi mutu wa kumasulidwa kuyenda mu Ukraine. Leo nawo ntchito zonse zazikulu "opandukawo wobiriwira". M'chaka cha 1919, anali kupita gulu kuti akumana ndi zopereka kwa bourgeoisie ndi moyo capitalist m'gawo olamulidwa ndi mphamvu Makhno.

Chiyukireniya zigawenga zambiri Army anali kwambiri si yunifolomu mu zikuchokera awo. Zofuna za ziwalo zake zambiri sizigwirizana. Mwachitsanzo, anagwiritsa ntchito Zinkovskiy mbiri m'malo n'ngwokayikitsa, makamaka chifukwa chakuti nthawi anathawa ku Red Army. Ena ophunzira Civil nkhondo pakati pa zoyerekeza Makhno anafuna imfa yake. Iwo anali ngati anthu otchuka monga Lev Golik (mutu wa potsimikizira-nzeru) ndi Alexey Marchenko. Mphekesera za kusadalirika Zinkovskaya ankakolezera nkhani kuti Soviet KGB anayesa kum'tenga.

Jobs kupanduka counterintelligence

Pa nthawi yovuta kwambiri kwa msilikali wothandiza mfumu uja wa Makhno anapulumutsidwa ku chilango mkazi "Bambo" Galina Kuzmenko. Pali nthawi ntchito ndi Zinkovskaya counterintelligence akapanduka zinapatsira iye chidaliro. Ndi pa Zadoff udindo wake anali kutenga ntchito kwambiri maganizo pamene anali ku chiwerengero cha Makhnovists.

matupi Chilango kuchotsa anthu amaganiziridwa chinyengo ndi kusakhulupirika. Lev Nikolaevich Zinkovsky, monga Lenin, ankakhulupirira kuti kusintha sizingakhoze kuchitidwa mu magolovesi woyera ndi ntchito njira lolemera za kulimbana ndale. nkhanza onse a Civil nkhondo ndi woyera ndi wofiira, "wobiriwira" kulungamitsa kutumikira cholinga chachikulu. Mu zina, kunali chikominisi, pamene ena - ufulu dziko kapena kulingana chikhalidwe pansi mfundo za chisokonezo chotere.

Mapeto a Nkhondo Yapachiweniweni

Ndi 1920, Red Army anagonjetsa Denikin ndipo anali kachiwiri mu Ukraine. Ndiye Nestor Makhno ndi gulu lake mwayesedwa adani a anthu. Opandukawo anagonjetsedwa, osati chifukwa cha kulephera asilikali, komanso vuto la mliri wa AIDS Nthenda yofanana ndi tayifodi. Disease mwankhanza unachepa ngakhale kwambiri nyonga komanso thanzi amuna. Zinkovskiy kwambiri, kwa kanthawi anali tsoka, iye anali bwino. Kuti iye anali m'gulu la anthu ochepa pafupifupi Makhno kupulumutsidwa ku imfa mwa kubisala pothawirapo pake.

Pambuyo mtsogoleri wa anagonjetsa gulu kupanduka kunapezeka kuti akhale otetezeka Leo ndi m'bale wake mozemba anabwerera Donbass kwawo. Posachedwapa, boma la Soviet anaganiza zinthu ndi Makhno. Zigaŵenga zankhondo nsembe kukhazikitsa mtendere ndi Maonekedwe osiyanasiyana ndiponso kuwathandiza polimbana ndi zotsala za asilikali Wrangel a mizu Crimea. Mu kugwa kwa 1920 Zinkovskiy kachiwiri mwachidule anakhala mnzake wa wofiira. Anamenya nawo Crimea ndi anatenga gawo mu kugonjetsedwa komaliza kwa White kuyenda mu pachilumbachi.

emigration

M'chaka cha 1921 Makhno pamodzi ndi anzake ochepa chopulumuka anathawira ku Romania. Podutsa malire a Zadov imatsogoleredwa ntchito yowopsa kuthetsa alonda. Pamodzi ndi khumi Woukira iye kunamizira Makhnovists wofiira mutsatidwa. Choncho anarchist anakwanitsa kupusitsa alonda. Pamene iwo anataya maso, pafupi dongosolo Zinkovskaya, opanda chifundo moto linatsegulidwa pa iwo.

Kwambiri kwa Zadoff anayamba nthawi emigration. Anakakhala ku Romania. Popeza moyo sizinali kuti, akale Makhnovets ndi m'bale wake ankagwira ntchito matabwa. mkhalidwe wawo wovutika chinali chapadera, anapatsidwa kuti opandukawo anali kudziwa za kuli maliro Chiyukireniya chuma chobisika mwa iwo ngakhale pa Civil nkhondo. Vuto linali kokha kuti othawa kwawo, kufulumira kuwoloka malire Soviet, ndipo analibe nthawi kusamalira tsogolo lawo bwino.

Homecoming

Posachedwapa Romania nzeru anali alemba ntchito Makhnovets kale. Zinkovskaya anapereka ntchito mu gulu commando kuti anakonza kuponya mu Soviet Ukraine. Leo anati inde. Mu 1924 iye anali kumbuyo kunyumba. Komabe, nthawi yomweyo Zadov anaganiza kuti tizipeleke kwa akuluakulu Soviet. biographers wake kuti iye anali kuyambira pachiyambi duril Romania m'gululi kufika USSR ndi lipenga khadi mpaka mnkhwapa wake ndi nzeru pa zinthu zakunja kwa mdani.

Zin'kovskaya gulu amakhulupirira kuti amangidwe. anzake onse anamasulidwa, koma iye akhala Mufunsidwe. miyezi isanu ndi umodzi, tsogolo la Makhnovets kale Anapachikidwa mu muyezo. Soviet Cheka, amene akutsogolela zinali choncho, omangika ndi maganizo ake. Pomaliza mu ziwalo anaona kuti kunali koyenera kutenga Zadoff pa ntchito oletsedwa. Iye zinachitikiranso olemera ndi wapadera mu nzeru ndi counterintelligence. nkhani njanji wakhala wofunika ndi NKVD. Komanso milandu nawo za zigawenga zinali kale insolvent. Zinkovskiy, ngati zikwi ochirikiza ena a Makhno, anali atakhululukidwa mu 1922, malinga ndi chigamulo cha boma la Soviet.

Sotrunichestvo ndi NKVD

Pali lomwe Lev Zadov anatha kukambirana ndi akapitawo chitetezo cha am'chitire wake chifukwa analankhula za kuli chuma, ndi opanduka m'manda ku Ukraine pa Civil nkhondo. Chimodzimodzi amadziwika kuti Makhno yekha, mu ukapolo, anayesa kutumiza nokha anthu odzipereka mu USSR, ndi kubwerera zamtengo wapatali.

Kaya njira Zadovsky osati kum'patsa ufulu mwayi wachiwiri, mwaluso anagwiritsa ntchito mwayi kuti kudziyesa wolungama yekha pamaso pa mphamvu Soviet. Place ntchito anakhala Odessa. doko zofunika unali Suli kutali malire, linali likulu la akopeka adventurers zosiyanasiyana ndi zigawenga. Kugwilizana ndi maulamuliro, Zadov anakwanitsa kuvumbulutsa zachisinsi ndi kuthetsa magulu ena oletsedwa chigawenga.

kuwombera

Ziribe kanthu momwe ogwira ndi wothandizila opindulitsa kapena Zadov, tsoka lake chisoni ankamuyembekezera. Iye anagwa mu mphero wa Stalin repressions 30s. Ndiyeno n'kumangidwa ndi mfuti pa opanda pake osiyanasiyana mpaka kufika anecdotes za mtsogoleri. Munthu pa nthawi kusintha kwa Red Army ndi Makhno opandukawo anathawa ku Romania, pa maziko awa anali chabe watembereredwa.

Zadoff anamangidwa mu August 1937. Iye mlandu espionage mokomera Romania. N'zochititsa chidwi kuti NKVD panalibe umboni mlandu wake. Ndiye, pa kuchita anapita njira zotsatirazi wa pomufunsa, kuphatikizapo wozunzikirapo. Dongosololi anali chaka chonse. Pomaliza, pansi mavuto Zinkovskiy anavomereza kuti ntchito intelligence yachilendo. September 25, iye, monga ena ambiri anaphedwa mu 1938, anati tiwonana moyo mu mayenje a mdima wa NKVD popanda mwayi uliwonse mayeso chilungamo kapena kulungamitsidwa. Kwa nthawi yaitali, nkhani yake anakhalabe wawo. Ngakhale pamene Khrushchev m'firiji pamtunda wa kusalakwa Zinkovsogo Sanakumbukire. Anaonekera atamwalira anapulumutsa ndi kumukonzanso mu Soviet Union kuti kukonzanso lapansi. Zadov analungamitsidwa yekha mu 1990.

posthumous chifaniziro

Zinkovskiy anakhala mmodzi wa anthu a trilogy Alekseya Tolstogo, "Njira ya ku Kalvare". Mu kutanthauzira kwa wolemba, ndipo kenako Soviet anatengera buku la, anali wakupha mwankhanza ndi executor mwa kukhetsa mwazi malamulo Nestora Mahno. amaonetsa ambiri adzakumbukira iye yekha ndi folklore anakhala akuti "Ine ndine -. Leva Zadov, nthabwala nane Sikuti"

Kumene, buku Tolstoy sunali ulendo kokha kumvetsetsa mbiri ya anarchist yowala ndipo osokoneza. Zinkovskaya mwayi moyo m'nyengo zachiwawa. Iye anaika ndipo anasintha wokhulupirika monga ambiri a m'nthawi yake, amene anali fungo la onga pa Civil nkhondo.

banja

M'bale chosintha Daniel anali pafupi naye mu Civil nkhondo. Pamodzi iwo anathawira ku Romania, ndi awiri mwabwerera kwa Soviet Union. Daniel anawomberedwa mu chomwecho mu 1938, ngakhale kuti nayenso ankagwira ntchito NKVD mu Tiraspol.

Inali pa Zadoff ndi mwana - Vadim Lvovich Zinkovsky. Ngakhale ali wamng'ono kwambiri, iye ndi kumapeto kwa Wamkulu kukonda dziko lako nkhondo mongodzipereka anapita kutsogolo. Kenako iye anadzakhala wamkulu wa asilikali. Vadim Lvovich analemba nkhani yonena za atate wake, amene anayesa kulungamitsa anarchist odziwika bwino mu maso a m'nthawi.