Limagwirira cha zochita za michere

Michere (michere) - mkulu maselo kulemera organic mankhwala a mapuloteni chikhalidwe, amene umagwira ntchito chamoyo ndi udindo wa catalysts kwachilengedwenso.

Limagwirira cha zochita za michere

Elucidation wa zimagwirira zakuya kanthu othandizira wa michere, ndi limodzi mwa mavuto wachibadidwe ndi mavuto panopa osati enzymology, koma sayansi yamakono ndi zamoyo.

Pasanapite nthawi michere anayamba kuzimvetsa choyera ndipo elucidated chikhalidwe chawo, atsimikiza kuti n'kofunika kwa ndondomeko enzymatic ali ndi lumikiza wa enzyme kwa gawo lapansi ndi. Kuyesa kupeza pawiri zovuta za enzyme ndi gawo lapansi kwa nthawi yaitali sanali zimam'pindulira, zovuta izi labile, izo mofulumira kwambiri linawola. Ntchito kafukufuku wazamawalidwe njira wakonza kudziwa enzyme-gawo lapansi maofesi kuti catalase, peroxidase, mowa dehydrogenase, flavinzavisimyh michere.

njira kusanthula X-ray walola kuti zambiri zofunika pa kapangidwe ndi njira othandizira zochita za michere. Njira imeneyi inali ntchito kukhazikitsa kugwirizana gawo lapansi analogues ndi michere lysozyme ndi chymotrypsin.

Ena umboni mwachindunji kwa kuli enzyme-gawo lapansi maofesi anakwanitsa kufika kumene mmodzi wa othandizira magawo mkombero wa enzyme limakhudza kwa gawo lapansi ndi ndi covalent muzikondana. Chitsanzo ndi zimene hydrolysis wa N-nitrophenyl nthochi catalyzed ndi chymotrypsin. Pamene osokonezeka ndi puloteni chymotrypsin efa ndi acetylated pa gulu hydroxyl wa zotakasika serine zotsalira. Mbali imeneyi mofulumira, koma atsetilhimotripsina hydrolysis ndi mapangidwe nthochi ndi ufulu chymotrypsin msanga kwambiri. Choncho atsetilhimotripsin amasonkhana, amene mosavuta wapezeka mu kukhalapo kwa N-nitrophenylacetate.

Kukhalapo kwa gawo lapansi enzyme mu kapangidwe mungathe "nsomba" ndi kulanda EU wosakhazikika zovuta mu mawonekedwe wofooka, mwachitsanzo, mwa chithandizo ndi puloteni-gawo lapansi zovuta za sodium wochuluka borohydride kolimbikira kuchepetsa zotsatira. kuipidwa amenewa mu mawonekedwe a khola covalent otumphukira anali wapezeka mu aldolase enzyme. Anapeza kuti gawo lapansi interacts ndi molekyulu e-kwa amino gulu la lysine.

The gawo lapansi amachitira ndi puloteni mu gawo makamaka chimene chimatchedwa pakati yogwira enzyme kapena dera yogwira.

Mu malo yogwira ntchito, kapena pachimake, kumvetsetsa gawo enzyme mapuloteni molekyulu amene olumikizidwa kwa gawo lapansi (ndi cofactors) ndipo amachititsa katundu enzymatic wa molekyulu ndi. The malo yogwira ndiyo kulunjika ndi ntchito othandizira cha enzyme ndi akhale pamlingo winawake dongosolo n'kovuta ndinazolowera njira pafupi ndi kucheza ndi gawo lapansi molekyulu, kapena ziwalo amagwira ntchito zotani.

M'magulu zinchito amadziŵika m'gulu la "catalytically yogwira" gawo la enzyme ndi gawo kupanga kupereka kuyandikana yeniyeni (kumanga ya gawo lapansi kwa enzyme ndi) - otchedwa pini, kapena "nangula" (kapena kumamatira kwa enzyme yogwira malo).

Limagwirira cha zochita za michere anafotokoza chiphunzitso chakuti Michaelis-Menten aone kuti pali. Malinga ndi mfundo imeneyi, ndondomeko chikuchitika mu magawo anayi.

Limagwirira cha zochita za michere: I fezi

Pakati pa gawo lapansi (C) ndi puloteni (E) kugwirizana akauka - anapanga EU enzyme-gawo lapansi zovuta, mmene zigawo ndi cholukanalukana ndi covalent, amaayoni, madzi ndi kumangidwa ena.

Limagwirira cha zochita za michere: IІ siteji

The gawo lapansi poyera kwa enzyme Ufumuyo ndi adamulowetsa ndipo kupezeka kwa zochita ziwalo za catalysis EU.

Limagwirira cha zochita za michere: IІI siteji

EU anachita catalysis. Chiphunzitsochi imayendetsedwa ndi maphunziro experimental.

Pomaliza, siteji IV amakhala ndi kutulutsidwa kwa enzyme mamolekyulu E ndi F. The ndondomeko ya kusinthika mankhwala akhoza anasonyeza pamene zotani: E + S - EU EU - * - E + P.

The kulunjika kanthu enzyme

Aliyense enzyme amachita pa gawo lapansi kapena gulu la zinthu, zomwe ofanana mu dongosolo. Kulunjika pa ntchito enzymatic chifukwa kufanana kwa yogwira malo kasinthidwe ndi gawo lapansi. Pa mogwirizana kwa enzyme-gawo lapansi anapanga zovuta.