Lubricants ndi madzi mafakitale

Kuti akachite njira ndi ntchito makina ntchito ntchito lubricants ndi zakumwa luso. Iwo amapereka kudalirika ndi dzuwa ntchito zida zosiyanasiyana.

Mitundu ya lubricants

Ntchito, gulu la asilikali kumachitika kulankhula kali ndi kuwonongeka awo ndi kutentha kwa kukhululukirana. Kuchepetsa mchere ake ndi lubricants kupanga ntchito.

Lubricants ndi madzi mafakitale kwakukulukulu monga maziko katundu muli:

• Distillate - zingalowe distillation mafuta mafuta (kuwala kachigawo);
• yotsalira - distillation wa phula analandira.

Chimodzi kapena mtundu wina wa mafuta mchere zakonzedwa mwa kusakaniza ndi distillate ndi yotsalira zigawo zikuluzikulu mu magawanidwe zina ndi kuwonjezera thereto zina.

Kupanga mafuta opangidwa ndi kaphatikizidwe chimasanduka zina ndi Kuwonjezera pa thereto improvers zinthu ntchito.

Mitundu ya Lubricants

• mota;
• kufala;
• hayidiroliki;
• mafuta.

Zina kuti lubricants

Zimafunika mafuta zikugwira ntchito m'mikhalidwe yosiyana, Nthaŵi zonse omangika. chimango Basic sangathe mokwanira kupereka katundu zofunikira zomwe zitha analengedwa ndi Kuwonjezera zina mafuta ndi madzi luso. kuchuluka kwawo ndi ku tuzigawo twa peresenti kuti 15% ndi pamwamba.

Mitundu zina:

• Single ntchito - kupereka mmodzi wa katundu: odana avale, chifukwa chopanikizika kwambiri, viscous, antioxidant, mikangano kuchepetsa, antifoam, depressor, detergent-dispersant, etc.
• Multifunctional - mkulu polima mankhwala conferring mafuta makhalidwe angapo ntchito;
• zowonjezera phukusi ndi nyimbo - wosanganiza ndi mankhwala ofanana zina zomwe kusintha katundu ndi kulenga khalidwe latsopano (15 zigawo zikuluzikulu).

The katundu wa mafuta ndi madzi

Pakuti zinthu monga mafuta, madzimadzi ntchito, kapena GOST specifications kupereka ya magawo osiyana liwulo zinthu ntchito yawo.

1. Lubricity - osakaniza odana ndi mikangano, odana ndi zoti katundu Aakulu. The chizindikiro chachikulu ndi kukhuthala, amene amadziwika otaya kukana pakati pa zigawo madzi (zazikulu kukhuthala, Pa ∙ s). khalidwe lina ndi kukhuthala kinematic, anatsimikiza mtima liwiro outflow madzi ndi yokoka mwa viscometer capillary. Iwo amayezedwa mamita ² / s. Pakuti mafuta kwambiri makamaka kudalira a kukhuthala pa kutentha. Akuti ndi kukhuthala Index.
2. Matenthedwe bata - chizindikiro cha antioxidant katundu wa mafuta, yodziwika ndi nthawi yosintha ndi woonda mafuta filimu mu lacquer filimu. The apamwamba ndi, ndi apamwamba khalidwe mankhwala. The ndondomeko makutidwe ndi okosijeni limayamba pamene usavutike 50-60 ° ^C. The mwamphamvu kwambiri kumawonjezera kuyambira ^pafupifupi 250 C. The mafuta mdima ndi kusintha physico-mankhwala ake katundu.
3. Detergent-dispersant katundu mafuta injini akuganizira umatha kuchepetsa mapangidwe m'dambo ndi madipoziti mpweya mkati injini ndi kukhalabe mankhwala kuipitsa mu kuyimitsidwa.
4. Anticorrosive katundu mafuta pang'onopang'ono sakuyenda ndi kudzikundikira avale zinyalala. Corrosivity Akuti ndi phindu asidi, Mzimuyo chiwerengero cha mg wa KOH chofunika n'chongoletsa asidi mu 1 g wa mafuta. Acid zili pa ntchito yake kumawonjezera nthawi 3-5 ndipo ndi owopsa mwatsatanetsatane. Katundu mafuta patsogolo mwa kuyambitsa zina kupanga mafilimu zoteteza pa pamalo chitsulo kapena asidi neutralizing zitsulo zamchere lapansi.

mafuta galimoto

Reciprocating injini mkati kuyaka (Ice), makamaka akufunikira kondomu. Pakuti iwo ntchito galimoto mafuta, ndi katundu amene amasankhidwa makamaka aliyense zida.

Kwa nthawi yaitali kwa injini kuyaka mkati kugwiritsa ntchito mafuta koyera mchere. Modern ndinayamba injini amafuna oyamba zina. Advantageously ntchito mafuta multigrade, kupezeka zofunikira za kukhuthala pa lonse kutentha osiyanasiyana.

Pakuti ambiri mayunitsi abwino theka-synthetics - madzi mchere ndi kuwonjezera zigawo zikuluzikulu kupanga organic. Kugula izo, muyenera khutu ku lodalirika ndi khalidwe la mankhwala. Ambiri a iwo kugawana malangizo a malangizo a galimoto. Apa m'pofunika kudziwa kuti opanga amalangiza mafuta mtundu, kumene phindu. Amene si odziwa kupanga masitampu, muyenera kutsatira malangizo awo.

Gulu la mafuta galimoto

Ndi Magwiridwe mafuta galimoto anawagawira m'magulu kwa injini:

• A - carburetor neforsirovannom (angapo zina).
• B - maloforsirovannye (3-5% zina).
• B - sredneforsirovannyh (mpaka 8% zina).
• F - inapita patsogolo kwambiri (8-12% zina).
• D - kwambiri inapita patsogolo kwambiri yodzaza injini dizilo (18-25% zina).

Ndi digiri ya galimoto mafuta kukhuthala kalasi ndi 7: 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 20. zokolola multigrade injini mafuta a zapansi mchere ndi thickening otsika kukhuthala MPF zina. Awo pali makalasi 10, omwe akufotokozedwa ngati kachigawo ndi, mwachitsanzo, 4h / 8. The numerator wa kukhuthala kalasi ndi zinatchulidwa pa -18 ^{° C,} ndi chimene chachititsa - pa ¹⁰⁰ ° C.

Ngati kudziwika mtundu wa mafuta injini, mwachitsanzo M-6 _m'ma / 10b _2, tingathe kuwerenga motere: M - mota 6 _H - kukhuthala kalasi ndi thickening zowonjezera 10 - kukhuthala pa 100 ⁰ C, - sredneforsirovannyh injini 2 - kwa injini dizilo .

injini cheke mafuta khalidwe wopangidwa pakati matenda, chimene chimafuna ndalama zina. Kodi pali njira zothetsera onani: ndi kafukufuku kuika dontho la mafuta pamwamba pa pepala. Ngati mofulumira ikuyenda, kusiya pamwamba pa mabwalo angapo mafuta, izo zikutanthauza mankhwala khalidwe.

Zonyamula akutsikira amadziwika imfa ya katundu zothandiza. akulodnoleza zimenezi ndi oyenera poona khalidwe la lubricant atsopano.

kufala mafuta

Kapangidwe ka HIV kumaphatikizapo HIV ndi kugawa axles, chiwongolero zida ndi ena. Kondomu chofunika kwa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya magiya. mafuta zida amapangidwa kuchokera mchere kapena semisynthetic m'munsi ndi zina zinchito zochokera chlorine, phosphorous, sulfure, disulfide, kupanga filimu choteteza zinthu zinthu zoipa kamodzi. Kukhuthala wothandizila ayenera kukhala filimu pa katundu mkulu ndi kutentha. Mu nyengo yozizira, mafuta kukhuthala sayenera kulowerera ndi asilikali, amene asankhidwa zikuchokera, zoyenerera kukhuthala index.

Nchito zida mafuta:

• kuchepetsa zomvetsa pa mikangano ndi avale;
• kutentha yogwilitsidwa mabacteria kukhudzana;
• kuchepetsa katundu mantha;
• sanali poizoni ndipo sanali zinyalala.

Kwambiri angakwanitse madzi luso ndi mafuta zochokera mafuta mchere. Iwo ndi makhalidwe abwino, kupanga odalirika zoteteza filimu.

Kupanga mafuta ndi apamwamba kwambiri quality, koma mtengo kwambiri mankhwala. mtengo wabwino kwa ndalama ndi theka-synthetics.

M'banja kufala mafuta amapanga kukhuthala grade 4. Malinga ndi makhalidwe ntchito iwo anawagawa m'magulu 5. Kulemba nyimbo zosiyana amasonyeza makhalidwe Mwachitsanzo, TM-5-9 _la - mafuta kufala Gulu 5, kukhuthala 9 kalasi thickening zowonjezera. CHITSANZO yachilendo gulu - SAE 80W 90, pamene chizindikiro limasonyeza 80 - kukhuthala kalasi, W - muyezo 90 - lolingana kukhuthala osachepera 14 mamilimita ² / s pa 99 ⁰ C.

Madzi kachitidwe hayidiroliki

M'magulu gidromehanizmov ndi actuators kwa yoyendetsa wapadera zakumwa luso ntchito. Awa ndi zofunika:

• pumpability, ndi ochepa kutentha kudalira a kukhuthala;
• zonyamula dzimbiri ndipo palibe kutupa kapena kunyoza zisindikizo hayidiroliki;
• mkulu lubricity;
• mankhwala ndi kukhazikika thupi pokhalabe ndi katundu koyamba kwa nthawi yaitali pa ntchito ya;
• pakalibe zosafunika, madzi ndi zinthu zikuwononga amene amayambitsa dzimbiri.

Hayidiroliki mafuta monga za 20 mitundu. Iwo amapangidwa ndi kukhotera distillates mafuta ndi zina. The zambiri ntchito mafuta spindle Au. Mumadziwika mafuta MG 30, M-2IHP, AMG-10, MGE-10a.

Zakumwa kwa dampers ndi machitidwe ananyema

Nagawa madzi luso lakonzedwa kuti ntchito mu kachitidwe hayidiroliki. Awa ndi zofunika:

• otsika yozizira koopsa mfundo;
• yaing'ono kukhuthala;
• lubricity zabwino;
• kukana dzimbiri;
• palibe ingafooketse zisindikizo mphira.

Mitundu ya madzi ananyema.

1. Esc - 60% Kasitolo mafuta + 40% Mowa.
2. SBR - 50% Kasitolo mafuta + 50% butyl mowa.
3. 35% glycerol + 65% mowa.
4. "Neva" ndipo ambiri ang'ono masitepe-22M - ndi glycol ofotokoza zina.
5. "Tom" - chisakanizo cha glycols ndi esters asidi boric.

Nagawa madzimadzi pa Kasitolo luso maziko pa kutentha m'munsimu -20 ⁰ C. likuzongoka, koma ndi mowa amakhalabe mu njira. Pa nkhani imeneyi, iwo amasankhidwa malingana dera. M'malo a madzi mu dzinja ndi chirimwe sikawirikawiri mwachita. Ambiri ankakonda onse nyengo-agwiritsidwa ntchito nyimbo madzi amene zochokera glycol. Kwambiri mwa iwo ndi "Tom" lomwe lili wabwino dzimbiri ndi odana avale katundu.

Kudabwitsa ntchito formulations AF-12T ndi IHP-10, wopangidwa mwa osakaniza ndi mafuta a mchere ndi otsika kukhuthala silikoni madzimadzi ndi zina.

madzi luso

Dongosolo madzi kuzirala lakonzedwa kukhala chofunika kutentha mode Ice. Ndi chatsekedwa, kuchotsa kutentha kwa zimagwirira ntchito ndipo popitapita izo kupyolera Redieta chilengedwe.

Poyamba, zomera mphamvu utakhazikika ndi madzi, koma linasiyidwa chifukwa mathithi aang'ono kuzizira ndipo kuwira. Komanso, ndipamene mukhale chopondapo, ndi gwero la zitsulo dzimbiri.

M'tsogolo, madzi luso chinasintha zikuchokera, koma ndizosowa kukhala madzi.

The ntchito yaikulu analandira zoletsa kuwuma - chisakanizo cha madzi ndi glycols ndi zina zapadera. Iwo ali ubwino izi:

• otsika yozizira koopsa mfundo;
• pang'ono kuwonjezeka pa yozizira koopsa;
• otentha mfundo pamwamba 110 ^{° C;}
• zabwino katundu lubricating.

Zoletsa kuwuma zochokera ethylene glycol wotchipa - ndi chakupha luso zakumwa. M'munsi kawopsedwe ndi nyimbo zochokera propylene glycol, koma mtengo awo ndi apamwamba kwambiri.

Pomaliza

Mafuta ndi madzi luso anayambitsa kumsika zosiyana. Pagalimoto popanda zinachitikira ntchito yawo bwino kuganizira nyimbo za malangizo akulimbikitsidwa makamaka galimoto mtundu. chidwi ziperekedwe kwa nthawi yozizira ya ntchito. Pamene kasungidwe galimoto mu garaja mkangano ndi abwino kwambiri nyengo zonse madzi. Nkofunika kuganizira zizindikiro quality, osati pa mtengo. Komanso, ayenera kuganizira zinthu zina, monga moyo engine.