Mayi Poltava nkhondo - asilikali a Forest. Peter Wamkulu Chigonjetso

Osati aliyense amadziwa nkhondo, Petulo ananena kuti "mayi a Nkhondo ya Poltava." Nthawiyi, icho chinali chimodzi mwa kumenyana mwamphamvu kwambiri ndi mdani mu mbiri ya ulamuliro wa Russian Tsar. Tiyeni tione mwatsatanetsatane kwambiri.

mwachidule

Mu ulamuliro wa wokonzanso lalikulu la Russia anali pa nkhondo ndi asilikali a Sweden. M'kupita kwa panali angapo ntchito ya usilikali. Mmodzi wa kumenyana panali nkhondo ku Lesnaya. Korvolant pansi pa lamulo la Russian Tsar anagonjetsa adani tsiku limodzi. mayunitsi mdani analamula A. L. Levengaupt.

adani

The Swedish Baltic Corps m'gulu oyenda ndi apakavalo. Woyamba unali ndi anthu 8050. The oyenda analipo Smolandsky treteocherednoy ndi regiments Chifinishi-Swedish. The gulu loyamba ankaona ofooka nkhondowo imapanga. Ndipotu iye ankachita ngati asilikali. Chifinishi-Swedish Regiment wakhala kuyambira 1620. Zinali ndithu unit amphamvu. The apakavalo analipo:

1. Olemekezeka Livonia squadron. Panali anthu 200. Ngakhale m'malo osauka chilango ndi osasamba kupeza, magawano anali zigawenga ndithu.
2. About 800 anthu. amphamvu Dragoons.
3. Karelian midzi squadron. Panali 300. Chigawo ichi anali yodziwika ndi pafupifupi ntchito.
4. Livonia alemba ntchito Regiment wa dragoons molamulidwa ndi Von Shreyterfelta. Mmenemo, panali anthu 600. Zinali ndithu nkhondowo-wokonzeka mayunitsi kuti m'gulu mercenaries Livonians ndi kurlyandtsev.
5. Livonia alemba ntchito Regiment wa dragoons motsogozedwa ndi Von Schlippenbach. Inalinso amuna 600. Zinali kugawanika amphamvu kwambiri.
6. maalumali ena.

Nthawi zambiri, asilikali okwera pamahatchi anawerenga anthu 4.900.

Chaka Nkhondo ya Poltava

Mu ulamuliro wa wokonzanso panali nkhondo asilikali. Komabe, yaikulu ya iwo ndi nkhondo ya Poltava. Russian mfumu anatsutsa Mfumu Karl XII. Mu chaka cha Nkhondo ya Poltava - 1709 - mdani anali momveka wogonjetsedwa. Ichi chidapangidwa zikomo zotheka kuti gulu kwambiri zochita za asilikali Russian.

"Amayi Poltava Chigonjetso": kukonzekera

September 28, 1708 ankapoperamo mdani ndi wokonzeka zikuyenda. Near malo awo anali nkhalango m'mudzimo. mayunitsi mdani wotanganidwa kutalika: 6 battalions zili pa mzere kutsogolo, ena - patsogolo chachikulu cha boma pa. mdani lamulo anakonza kubweza matenda asilikali Russian kufika mpaka convoy lonse kudzatha. Zouluka Regiment (korvolant) Peter anasamukira ku magawo awiri pa misewu nkhalango. asilikali anali kudzuka pa msewu lotseguka, Nevsky msilikali Campbell kumenyana ndi detachment cha mdani pa kavalo pa amapita. Komabe, mdani anali wokhoza kuti mukhale munzere ku chilango yamba ndi kukawamenya. Nthawiyi, Campbell anasamukira ku kuthandiza kusamala Golitsyn. Iye anakwanitsa dislodge asilikali a Sweden pa mzere kutsogolo. Chifukwa, otsiriza anasamukira ku mzere chachikulu. korvolantu Russian anakwanitsa kufika danga lonse ndi munzere kuti nkhondo. Pawiri 1 kukafika kutali mdani.

mayunitsi mphamvu Russian

Pakati pa nyumba anali alonda Brigade Golitsyn. Mpheroyi Semenovski, Chiwalitsiro ndi battalions awiri a Regiment Ingermalandskogo. Ili yoyenera phiko apakavalo. Chinkalamula akuluakulu ambiri Stolz ndi Schaumburg. Total kasamalidwe pambali kwa msilikali wamkulu wa Hesse-Darmstadt. Kumanzere ili apakavalo. Chinkalamula Flug ndi Boehm ndi kasamalidwe ambiri kwa mkulu-General Bruce. Pa mzere wachiwiri zinali 6 regiments wa dragoons. Iwo anatsindika battalions Ingermalandskogo ndi Astrakhan regiments. Kuchulukitsa malamulo a dongosolo anapereka grenadiers ndi Rostov Dragoon alonda mayunitsi.

Nkhondo yaikulu

"mayi wa Poltava Battle" ndi chiyani? Nkhondo yaikulu umayambira 13,00 kuti 19,00 ndi yopuma pang'ono. Mwa mwezi wa tsiku asilikali a mbali zonse anali atatopa kuti anagwera pa nkhondo. Mtunda pakati pa iwo anali masitepe zosaposa 300. Mu maola angapo anapuma. Russian anadikira Baur detachment, ndipo asilikali a Sweden - kubwerera kwa avant-garde. Faifi koloko madzulo anabwera 4000 dragoons. Russian analandira reinforcements, anayamba kuukira. Chifukwa cha zimenezi, asilikali a Sweden anali akankhidwira katundu wawo. Pa nthawi yomweyo, asilikali okwera pamahatchi Baur molambalala pambali mdani, nalanda mlatho. Choncho mdani anali kudula mthunzi. Asilikali a Sweden Komabe, ndi thandizo la vanguard anapeza kuti kulimbana pa kamlathoka. Pa zisanu ndi ziwiri mu analamula madzulo anayamba tsika, ndipo nyengo anatembenuka zoipa. Russian unatha kuukira, koma Peter anabweretsa mfuti zimene zinachititsa bombardment udindo mdani. mdani poyamba anayankha. Shelling maudindo mpaka 10 koloko. Lewenhaupt, zinadziwika kuti sangathe kupulumutsa convoy lonse. Pa nkhani imeneyi, anaganiza kuti abwerere. Usiku, kusiya theka la katundu, zonse zoipa anavulazidwa ndi zida zankhondo, asilikali mdani mtsinje. Pa nthawi yomweyo adasonkha ndi bivouac moto, kulowa Russian osocheretsa.

Mapeto a nkhondo

"Mayi wa Poltava nkhondo" zinatha chifukwa mdani adathawa. Pamene imeneyi itadziwika kwa Russian Tsar n'kutumiza detachment wa Flug mapazi a mdani. asilikali Russian anagwira Livengaupta pafupi Propoisk. Apa kudutsa kale awonongedwe, chotero mdani anauzidwa kuti achoke gawo lachiwiri la convoy ndi kupita p. SOG. Zotsala za mphamvu anathawira asilikali a Charles XII, popanda kutenga china ndi zina kuposa zida munthu.

imfa

"Mayi wa Poltava nkhondo" zinatha ndi adani a convoy yaikulu chakudya, zida, zida zankhondo, masamu kwa miyezi itatu. Komanso, mdani anataya anapha ndiwobvulazidwa za 8 zikwi. Pers., Mkaidi analandidwa asilikali 1 zikwi. Asilikali a Sweden n'kulanda ambiri mu mthunzi wa anathawira. kupweteka kumeneko makamaka chifukwa osauka chilango asilikali osaphunzira gulu mayunitsi. Ku Russia anaphedwa ndi wovulazidwa okwana pafupifupi 4 sauzande. Anthu. Komabe, anthu okwana mawu imfa si chinaneneratu deta dragoon regiments mayunitsi osasamba apakavalo ndi magulu ena. Popeza kuti "mayi a Nkhondo ya Poltava" wakhala woopsa kwambiri, ofufuza anaika chiwerengero cha akufa ndiwobvulazidwa - anthu 6 zikwi .. Monga tanenera ndi mboni, akuvutika pafupifupi kwathunthu wodzazidwa nkhondo. Nthawi zambiri, pansi sikukanati kuzioneka ngakhale udzu. Choncho n'zotheka kulankhula za imfa ya comparability ndi mbali zonse.

kuwunikira

The yankhondo yosatha ndi asilikali a Sweden anachititsa nkhawa kwambiri kwa Mfumu Russian. Komabe, pambuyo zochitika za September 29, 1708 asilikali a kuwonongeka Charles XII kwambiri chidachitika. Izi zakhudza njira zina za nkhondo. Pa nkhondoyo magulu mbali zonse pafupifupi nthawi zonse kudzadza. Ku mbali Russian kwa flanges wa anagwirizana Baur, asilikali a Sweden kunasuntha mphamvu n'kuikako kuti Propoisk. Komabe, linali loyamba Mkhalidwe ukulu. Asilikali a nyumba Baltic sanali alonda Swedish kapena regiments ena osankhika. Yotsirizira Mwachitsanzo, ankaona Dalekarliyskoe unit. regiments ambiri anali panali Karelians ndi Finns ndi asilikali a Sweden n'kulanda satero ndi Livonia Germany ndi Estonians, izhoryanami ndi Asilavo kuchokera zakale Swedish Ingermalandii. mbali analipo ngakhale ku Poland, komanso mercenaries wa German Länder. Pa nthawi yomweyo Peter n'zochititsatu asilikali ake zabwino alonda oyenda Regiment wa dragoons ndi kusankha.

zolakwika

Monga mmodzi wa zolakwa zazikulu zomwe Peter ofufuza kuitana osakwanira zida zankhondo zipolopolo. Panali 30. yekha Komanso, iwo anali onse ang'ono-likungosonyeza. Zida zankhondo Baur analibe nthawi nthawi kupita kunkhondo. Pa nkhani imeneyi, nkhondo penapake mochedwa ndipo anali wamagazi kuposa kuyembekezera. Ankhondo a adani anatenga mwayi umenewu, ankatha bwinobwino abwerere ndi kupeza kufalikira udindo watsopano. Russian Zikatero, sankafuna kumenyana asilikali a Sweden popanda zida zankhondo thandizo. Chifukwa cha mdani kuti wachibale akhoza abwerere kwa asilikali a Charles.

Zotsatira yaitali

Pamaso pa Russian inali ntchito njira. Zinali kudutsana yaikulu convoy, amene ntchitoyi anali za 8000 magalimoto. . Chifukwa cha zochita za asilikali Russian padziko 4 zikwi ngolo anaponyedwa pafupi ndi mudzi wa Forest, za 3 zikwi - .. Amasangalala Propoisk. Choncho, ntchito njira wakhala anachita kwathunthu. Nkhondo mosatsata asilikali a Sweden n'kulanda thupi waukulu wa asilikali. The zotsala wa asilikali, ali samaperekedwa pafupifupi chilichonse khamu la Charles, anakakamizika ukasintha kusintha mapulani. Komabe, Russian sanathe kwathunthu kugwiritsa ntchito kuti amuzungulire ndi kuwononga nyumba Baltic. Mdani anali wokhoza kumatula mwa lazungulira. Kusunga mbali ya asilikali Livengaupt anatha kugwirizana ndi mphamvu yaikulu ya Charles XII, ngakhale kutaya sitima lonse ndi zida ndi zinthu zina. Monga mmodzi wa zotsatira za nkhondo mu mtima wotsatira kugonja pa perevolochna. Carl, zochokera bwino wonse wa mthunzi Livengaupta Forest, kugwirizana kwake ndi mphamvu zazikulu, anamuika mkulu wa asilikali chikhalire. Pambuyo Poltava, mfumu ankayembekezera kuti anthu ambiri adzatha mosavuta kukwaniritsa Crimea Khanate. Zinali mgwirizano wa Sweden pa nthawi natumikira monga m'manja Turkey. Koma Lewenhaupt, mwina anataya chikhulupiriro mwa kuthekera ndi kuwina nkhondo. Monga tanenera ndi azambiriyakale, ambiri anali maganizo maganizo pambuyo ndawala yaikulu asilikali. Pa nkhani imeneyi, iye analibe ngakhale mphamvu, ngakhale, osalephera, chilakolako kusonyeza kulimba chifukwa. Zikuoneka kuti pambuyo nkhondo ya Forest iye si anapambutsa kupitiriza mikangano, koma kuti mudzipereke. Pambuyo kuchoka kwa Charles kwa Dnieper asilikali ake - popanda imfa ndi nthawi yochepa - anaika pansi zida zawo pamaso pa detachment wa Menshikov.

Pomaliza

Russian chigonjetso pa Poltava anali mmodzi wa waukulu mu mbiri ya ulamuliro wa wokonzanso kwambiri. Russian Tsar nthawi kulabadira kwambiri ku usilikali a asilikali. N'chifukwa chake mu nkhondo zonse ankapita yekha magulu bwino: Semenov ndi Preobrazhensky, komanso pafupifupi wofanana naye udindo Ingermalandsky Regiment, Vladimir, Nizhny Novgorod ndi Nevsky mayunitsi dragoon. Wa zinthu zofunika kwambiri, ndithudi, izo zinali malangizo a asilikali. maalumali Russian ankasiyana mwadongosolo okhwima mwambo wa ndondomeko. Zimenezi zimathandiza kuti msanga kusonkhanitsa ankhondo kumanganso asilikali mwachindunji kunkhondo.