Mayina a otchuka mu France: kufotokoza, mbiri ndi utsogoleri wolowezana

Pa gawo la France kuyambira Ages Middle ndi 1871 panali dongosolo limodzi limene ambuye anali m'magulu angapo. maudindo apamwamba ndi utsogoleri wolowezana awo ndi yofunika kwambiri lero. Zimenezi n'zosadabwitsa, monga oimira apamwamba ndi ana awo amakhala Kukhwimitsa wa atolankhani, pamodzi ndi ntchito nyenyezi zimasonyeza ndi andale wotchuka.

wolowezana

Mutu wa boma French anali akale mfumu. Pa mlingo lotsatira la utsogoleri wolowezana anali suzerains - atsogoleri ndi chintchito chachikulu kuti anali olamulira wapamwamba malo enieni. Komabe, mphamvu zawo pa Dziko Lapansi anali pafupifupi wofanana wachifumu wa. Pomwepo adadza eni madambwe, benefices kapena magawo linapereka utumiki, ndi fiefs, Kwapatsidwa kwa utumiki ndi cholowa. olemekezeka awa anali nawo maudindo osiyana. N'zochititsa chidwi kuti aliyense mbuye ang'onoang'ono angakhale suzerain, ndi mwini ankalamulira ndi benefice imodzi.

Le roi (Mfumu)

Monga tanenera kale, ndi mutu wapamwamba wa otchuka wa akale France. Pa nthawi zosiyanasiyana zogwirira iwo anapatsidwa mphamvu wamkulu kapena wamng'ono. Mphamvu apamwamba a mafumu French anali m'nyengo ya absolutism, makamaka pa nthawi ya ulamuliro wa Louis XIV.

Le azichepetsa (Duke)

Si apamwamba korona mutu mu ufumu French, amene anasinthidwa mu Russian monga "Duke." Akukhulupirira kuti unali anasankha mtsogoleri wa fuko, ndipo anawonekera mu nthawi Carolingian, pamene French, Italy ndi Germany anali nzika za mfumu. Pa mapangidwe ndi kukula kwa boma Wachifulanki Germany Atsogoleri Akuimira Ndani anatembenukira kwa atumiki a mfumu ya anthu anamvera chintchito - olamulira a madera payekha.

Le Marquis (awnings)

Izi maudindo a otchuka mu France chikanachitika pansi Charlemagne. Dzina lawoli likuchokera ku dzina la malire utsogoleri wagawo - chizindikiro. Ichi ndi chifukwa chakuti Marquis anali bwanamkubwa wachifumu wa m'deralo.

Le Comte (Chiwerengero)

Kotero icho chinali kutchedwa mtumiki achifumu amene anali kulamulira dera makamaka ndi kusonyeza ntchito za milandu. Iye amatsatira utsogoleri wolowezana pambuyo Marquis mayina wolemekezeka ndi pafupifupi osakwatiwa-handedly, kupatulapo mafunso ochepa, analamulira mudzi wake. Mwa njira, mawu comte dzina lake "akuzigawo mkulu", kuonetsa malo lamulo la asilikali.

Le Vicomte (Viscount)

Mayina a otchuka mu France adutsa. Pa nthawi zosiyanasiyana kuti achite izi malamulo osiyana. Mwachitsanzo, mutu wa viscount, lomwe nthawi oyambirira Zithunzi akuimira munthu substituent, ndipo kenako ankavala wamng'ono wamwamuna olandira Marquis ndi chintchito, komanso ana awo.

Le Baron (Baron)

Mayina a otchuka mu France anali ochuluka kwambiri. wolowezana awo ali nawo ndi mwatsatane Baron. Chotero anaitana ambuye ang'onoang'ono ndi ankalamulira zawo, kukhala atumiki a mfumu mwachindunji, okha wolamulira wa nzika zawo. Mu France dzina limeneli linali limodzi mwa zochepa wamba.

Le Chevalier (Chevalier)

Mayina a otchuka mu France amene anali oimira gulu ili, amene analibe ankalamulira zawo. Iwo chibatizidwireni wa asilikali, ndipo kudawerengedwa kwa ambiri a chivalry. Mawu "chevalier" amatanthauza munthu wokwera kwambiri zida. Mu Ulaya accolade sanalengedwe kuvomereza usilikali kuti overlord awo. Chifukwa cha kukhulupirika Chevalier analandira kuchokera Mr cholowa fief ndi benefices moyo.

monsieur De

Junior wolemekezeka mutu wa dongosolo lakale mu France - equier (ekyuye). Iwo winawake squire, kwenikweni amatanthauza "zovala". Komanso, otchedwa ana munthu ufulu womveka, amene sanathe kukhwimitsani ndi kuikamo okha. utumiki squire anali njira yokha kuti Chevalier kupambana ndi ufulu kukhala ndi fief kapena benefice. Komabe, mbali ya squires, chifukwa chirichonse zifukwa, kodi kukwaniritsa kufunika nakhalabe chabe Monsieur de A (dzina). M'kupita kwa nthawi, kalasi ophatikizidwa ndi Chevalier.

mutu cholowa

Mu France mu Ages Middle, limapereka patsogolo zoyenera woyamba kubadwa. Ichi chimatanthauza kuti mutu wa mwana wamkulu tinatengera mwini wake. Pankhaniyi, mwana anabadwa tikamakaona banja mnyamata uja akumanidwa ufulu umenewu.

Pamene bambo ake anali akali moyo, mwana analandira otchedwa ulemu mutu m'munsi mwa udindo kuposa kholo la. Mwachitsanzo, wolowa ku Duke anakhala Marquis. Pa nthawi yomweyo, pamene tiganizira za udindo waukulu makamaka njonda mu ufumu wolowezana wa apamwamba French, kuona malo ake analandidwa maziko a udindo wa bambo ake. Mu mawu ena, Zithunzi ndi mwana wa Duke, zinali kuposa "anzake", amene bambo wawo anali Marquis.

Kawirikawiri apamwamba apamwamba anali nawo maudindo ambiri, amene anatsalira m'banja, kotero nthawizina ana awo m'malo achibale awo achikulire ndi imfa. Mwachitsanzo, ngati mwana anakhala Duke atamwalira agogo ake, anatenga malo mdzukulu wake Chiwerengero cha.

maudindo akazi

mutu wa otchuka mu France ndi England zambiri kudzera mwa mzere wamwamuna. Koma akazi, iwo eni mu njira ziwiri. Njira yoyamba - ndi ukwati, ndipo chachiwiri - kupeza bambo ake. Zikatero, zinali kachiwiri mutu wa ulemu, amene anapereka dona palibe mwayi. Koma n'zosiyana pamene mkazi akukhala, Mwachitsanzo, duchess mwa ukwati ndi Duke. Ichi chimatanthauza kuti chinaperekedwa pa mlingo chomwecho masanjidwe monga mwamuna, ndipo anyalanyaza onse, kuphatikizapo amuna amene ankamutsatira. Komanso Mwachitsanzo, awiri m'munsimu Marquis anali mmodzi yemwe anali mutu ulemu ndi sanalandira akamwalira makolo ake.

Pa nthawi yomweyo mu France anachita motsatizana Salic Chilamulo, chimene akazi sadzalowa maudindo mopanda kukaikira banja, mwachitsanzo mwana Duke alibe kukhala duchess, ngakhale bambo ake analibe olandira wamwamuna.

Wotchuka lolemera nyumba ya France

• Nyumba de A Montmorency.

The mtundu wakhala kuyambira m'ma 10 ndipo anapereka wapolisi ya France, 6, 12 adzasonkhanitsa, kadinala, admirals angapo, komanso ambuye malamulo osiyanasiyana knightly, ndipo ambiri odziwika kanjedza anthu.

The woyamba m'banja amene analandira udindo ducal mu 1551 anali Anne de A Montmorency.

• Nyumba d'Albret.

nyumba ino wafika kwambiri pamwamba pa utsogoleri wolowezana, kukhala wachifumu Navarre. Komanso, m'modzi wa ophunzira ake (Yohane d'Albret) anakwatira Duke Vendomskogo. Mu banja anabadwa kudzakhala Mfumu ya Navarre choyamba, ndiye France ndi Henry IV.

• Nyumba Artois.

The chigawocho ndi dzina chomwecho mu Ages Middle mobwerezabwereza anakhala fupa mikangano. Komanso, anali mmodzi wa cholowa zingapo zomwe zinali zotsutsana ndi Chilamulo Salic. Kenako anakhala mbali ya County wa Burgundy. Mu 1482, mutu wa maiko anapita ku banja lolamulira la Habsburg. Komabe, mu 1659, inabwerera mu protectorate French ndipo mudachivotera wa chigawocho. Pankhaniyi, eni analandira peerage la France, ndipo kenako mmodzi wa mamembala a mtundu uwu anali Mfumu ya France Charles ndi chinayi.

• Prince de A Conde.

Izi nthambi cadet wa banja French achifumu anachita ntchito yofunika kwambiri pa moyo ndiponso ndale za ufumu kufikira mofulumira awo mu 1830. M'mbiri ake, banja mobwerezabwereza ankanena mpando wachifumu ndi pa ntchito ziwembu zosiyanasiyana.

• Lusignan banja.

Ndodo amadziwika popeza anawonjezera kukopa kwake akutali France. nthumwi zake m'zaka za m'ma 12 chifukwa cha mabanja dynastic anakhala olamulira a ku Kupuro ndi ku Yerusalemu, ndipo m'zaka 13 anakhala mafumu a ku Kilikiya wa ufumu Chiameniya ndi ukulu wa Antiokeya. Chifukwa cha iwo, utsogoleri wolowezana wa anthu otchuka a maudindo France ndi pang'ono kunditumiza ku boma.

• Nyumba ya Valois-Anjou.

Oimira mtundu wa mafumu a Naples ndi wina wa nthambi ya Capetian akale. Mu 1328 wolankhulira awo Philippe chimodzi anabwera wachifumu wa France. Iye analandira wake wobadwa nawo, koma chifukwa cha kusowa kwa olowa mwamuna ndi msuweni wake - mfumu ya France. Mafumu analamulira zaka zoposa 2 mpaka wachifumu sichimaperekedwa kwa Henry IV.

Tsopano inu mukudziwa momwe milingo ambiri a utsogoleri wolowezana anapambulwa fuko lomveka wamba ndi mwamuna wina amene anali anthu otchuka apamwamba France mutu, Britain kapena m'mayiko ena ku Ulaya Western. Masiku ano, ana awo, amene analandira yekha dzina lalikulu kukhala monga anthu wamba sikawirikawiri kumbukirani makolo awo amene ankasonyeza magazi awo buluu.