Culture of Ancient Egypt: chidule cha zomangamanga ndi mabuku

Igupto anali, mwinamwake, dziko ambiri otukuka mu nthawi ya chitukuko choyamba. Ambiri asangalala chikhalidwe cha wakale Egypt. Mwachidule timathandiza kuti kovuta, kuyambira nthawi yakale ya zaka 2000 wosamvetseka, lagawidwa maufumu atatu (Ancient, Middle, New), chitukuko cha omwe anali ndi makhalidwe yake.

Culture of Ancient Egypt: mwachidule za ufumu wakale

nthawi iyi ndi nthawi ya Iguputo chitukuko ichi - lagolide zaka za chitukuko cha chikhalidwe. Akafika chitukuko chachikulu zomangamanga, amene amakhala ndi maonekedwe a monumentalism. Ambiri a nyumba yogwirizana ndi mwambo wa maliro. Aigupto akale anakana imfa. Iwo ankakhulupirira kuti munthu adzabwerera ku izo. Choncho, tinatsegula manda, nachokapo - mummified. Pamodzi ndi mamangidwe mu ufumu wakale kusanduka chosema. Iye anali yodziwika ndi ena njira yapadera "kalembedwe Aigupto," chomwe ndi mbali yaikulu ya chikhalidwe cha Iguputo. Choncho, chizindikiro cha ziboliboli anali kuti zinalengedwa pa matailosi, amene ataphimbidwa mbali zonse ndi zithunzi mpumulo wa anthu. Pankhaniyi, nkhope ndi mapewa Buku kuchokera kutsogolo, ndipo miyendo yake ndi mutu mu mbiri. Wotchuka farao Narmer mbale. kutalika kwake ndi mamita 64. Pa izo, kuwonjezera thandizo la zithunzi, pali zolemba kakale amene amafotokoza za umunthu wa munthu amene fano lalembedwa mbale. Mwa njira, mu nthawi ya Ufumu Old anali potsiriza anapanga chinenero kupangidwa amtunduwu pepala ndi nkhani dongosolo analengedwa. Kulemba ku Iguputo aphunzitsidwa makamaka ansembe ndi alembi, amene yagoletsa mu chuma, ndi Osema. Chinthu china ndi chosokonekera wangwiro wa kanjedza zotsatirazi.

Ufumu Middle

Culture of Ancient Egypt mwachidule za Ufumu Middle angatiuze lotsatira. Mu nyengo iyi imayamba kumanga akachisi kwa milungu ya Aiguputo ndi ankafotokozedwa kaya anthu kapena theka-nyama, theka anthu. Akachisi osati anatumikira zifukwa zachipembedzo, komanso ankaona mabungwe utsogoleri, yomwe ndi mwayi chabe kuti atsogoleri - ansembe. Amaona mulungu wamkulu Ra - mulungu dzuwa, ndi Farao ankaona mwana wa dzuwa. Ngati ichi makamaka anamanga nyumba maliro mu Ufumu Middle pamodzi ndi iwo analenga akachisi wopatulika chokongoletsedwa ndi mizati chimphona, zipilala, yowoneka zokongoletsa. The zochititsa chidwi kwambiri chinali kachisi wa Amenemhat III, amene anadzatchedwa Agiriki la wachinyamata. Ndi mamangidwe a nthawiyi ndi monga lodziwika bwino Piramidi wa Cheops, ndi masinfikisi ndi ena. Luso ndi chikhalidwe cha Aigupto wakale nthawi iyi kusanduka malangizo ena. Mwachitsanzo, pali maluwa mabuku. Kudalembedwa, mwina yoyamba buku - "The History of Sinuhe," ndi buku "Kucheza sankasangalala ndi moyo wake?" - weniweni nthanthi lonena za mtima woipa, kukhumudwa ndi chikhulupiriro. Kuti ndi zamatsenga ndi chodabwitsa chikhalidwe cha Iguputo.

Mwachidule za Ufumu Zatsopano

Nthawi imeneyi, angwiro luso la mpumulo. Pa makoma a akachisi, mbiri yonse ya Igupto akufotokozedwa mothandizidwa ndi njira imeneyi. Pamaso anapulumuka Kachisi wa Hatshepsut ili Deir El-Bahri. Mpumulo zithunzi zokongoletsera makoma a kachisi, kotero chenicheni choti involuntarily akubwera madzi zakale. Chosema a toyesa chidali nthawi imeneyi yatsikira kwa ife, amaonedwa kukhala ntchito ya ziboliboli Tuthmosis - ndi zithunzi za farao Akhenaten ndi mkazi wake Nefertiti lodziwika bwino. Monga mabuku, Ufumu Zatsopano kumakhaladi Mipikisano mtundu wanyimbo. "Buku la Akufa", limene ndi nthawi ino, imatengedwa Insaikulopediya achipembedzo a nthawiyo. Pakati pa "katswiri" wa Mabuku a angatchedwe nthano "za abale awiriwa", komanso ntchito zokhudza chikondi mawu - ". Nyimbo mosangalala mitima"