Mfuti ya nkhondo yachiwiri ya padziko lonse. Small manja. Trehlineyka Mosin

Amaona, ndi dzanja kuunika kwa mbiri yakale Soviet kuti khamu Nazi atalanda Soviet Union mu 1941, kwathunthu okhala ndi mfuti za makina, pafupifupi mosalekeza iliyonse asilikali Wehrmacht ku scribbling wake "Schmeiser". Mwamwayi pa zaka ziwiri zapitazi, pambuyo cholinga kupenda mfundo, izo sizinali zoona ndithu. Choyamba, makina German ankatchedwa, malingana ndi kusinthidwa kapena MR.38 MR.40 kachiwiri, H. Schmeiser mlengi sanali anayamba ndi koyamba mamangidwe ake kusintha (kuphatikizapo mbuyo matabwa) kulenga mkulu-mlingo kumenya mfuti, amene anapatsidwa dzina lake, ndipo kenako. Ndipo chachitatu, chida chachikulu cha Nazi Aroma omwe ankalamulira dzikolo pa nkhondoyo mfuti mwachilungamo mphamvu Mauser Gewehr-98. Ngati mwawerenga mosamala archival kanema kuwukira nthawi, izo Tingaone, komanso yokokedwa ngolo, zimapanga waukulu mawonekedwe zoyendera Germany. The Red Army a zikukhalira za chomwecho. Trehlineyka Mosin wa lamba chinsalu kuti watchula ndakatulo Tvardovsky, anatumikira mokhulupirika kwa Mama wabwino theka ya atumwi.

Mauser: zinachitika ndi chitukuko

Hitler anali ndiwofatsa. Iye anayenda yoyamba ya padziko lonse, ndipo ngakhale ena biographers wake akunena kuti zinthu m'malo chidwi chiphaso cha Iron Cross, kumenyana tsogolo "Mtsogoleri wa anthu German" nachobe. Kwenikweni kukhulupirira mlingo wa zida yaying'ono, ndipo ankaona yabwino Mauser zida mlengi mu dziko, amene anatha kulenga chitsanzo chosaneneka. Choncho, mfuti German ya nkhondo yachiwiri anali pafupi zofanana, amene anamenya asilikali German ndi Austria ndi Hungary mu 1914-1918, ndi kusintha zazing'ono kamangidwe. zinachitika ake anali Gew.71, anayamba abale William ndi Peter-Paul Mauser, monga momwe tikuonera bwino ku index mu 1871. Ndiyeno panali latsopano, dongosolo zapamwamba ( "88", "89", "92" ndi "94"), kutenga malingaliro chifukwa kusintha makhalidwe akubwera kuchokera usilikali. Potsilizira pake, onse kusintha amenewa amasonyezedwa komaliza "Mauser" mu '71. Zinali kwambiri chachikulu German mfuti ya nkhondo yachiwiri ya padziko lonse.

History mosinskoy trehlineyki

Stalin kuganiza kwambiri mwapang'onopang'ono, ndipo linapindula. Makina mu USSR anapangidwa nthawi 6 kuposa Nazi Germany (mamiliyoni asanu ndi imodzi). Koma zimenezi sizikutanthauza kuti ochiritsira tcheru manja zochepa salipidwa. Anali kukula zitsanzo watsopano, iwo akuyesedwa zinthu nkhondowo (ndipo analibe: Khalkhin Goal, Karelian kamtunda kopita ku chilumba) wofotokozedwa ubwino ndi kuipa. Koma, oddly mokwanira, chida yabwino ya Red Army anakhalabe trehlineyka Mosina, lomwe linakhazikitsidwa mu ulamuliro wa. Zinali odalirika, zosavuta kupanga ndi osiyana osangalala kuphatikiza kwambiri mwatsatanetsatane ndi luso deta ndi mayiko akuchitira.

Iye ali ndi mbiri chibwenzi monga chakumayambiriro kwa zaka zao za sikisite Mu zaka zapitazo. Pamenepo asilikali Russian anafunika manja latsopano ang'ono, ndi vutoli koyamba anathana unsystematically. Kenako mu 1892, mpikisano analengeza imene zosangalatsa, kukafunafuna malamulo opindulitsa ndi lalikulu, makampani ambiri anatenga gawo: ". Mfuti" Austria "Mannlicher" Chidanishi "Kragh-Iorgensen" Belgium Ine sindikufuna kukhala padera ndi Russian gunsmith S. I. Mosin. Pamapeto pake anapambana chitsanzo zoweta, ngakhale kapangidwe wolemba wake anafunika kusintha, pobwereka iwo ku mpikisano.

German Mauser carbine

Kamangidwe lingaliro mapeto a XIX armourers atumwi ankagwira ntchito za mbali imodzi. Mwachidule mfuti Gew.98 anaulula pang'ono chosintha mtima. Kodi dera dzanja lama fuyusi wina watsopano, ndi pyatipatronny sitolo yaying'ono kukula chifukwa awiri mzere dongosolo la zipolopolo. Mwa njira za mphamvu ya mwini akufuna kuonjezera milandu zisanu kapena khumi, koma German ndodo ambiri anaganiza kuti m'malo asanu. Mauser katiriji abale analenga wawo, kusamalira malonda a "consumables", ndi kuwongolera makhalidwe awo (kukula 7,92 × 57). Pamaso bladed, malinga ndi osiyanasiyana mpaka 2 Km. Ndipo, ndithudi, ndi mpeni mu chikwanje, koma lilinso zina.

Koma dzina "mfuti", iwo pafupifupi sanasinthe chilichonse kupatula njira lamba phiri.

kamangidwe Mosin

Kandalama mapangidwe a mfuti Mosin ngati si wosiyana kwambiri ponena za analogue German. Likungosonyeza mu mizere itatu (0,3 '') anali Russian muyezo mbiya kutalika (oposa zana calibers). Kusunga bokosi neotemny, mphamvu - makatiriji anayi. Recharging ikuchitika pamanja, shutter longitudinally kutsetsereka mtundu. Lama fuyusi ndi lophweka ndi choyambirira mu Russian: pofuna kupewa kumaliseche mwangozi ayenera kukoka choyambitsa ndi kutembenuka nguli, ndipo kenako wopha sakanakhoza anagunda phunziroli. pamaso anali ochepa kwambiri zikomo mwatsatanetsatane calibration udindo wake ziwiri. Khwelero aliyense lonse - mamita 200.

mawu Special akuyenera mpeni, amene okonzeka ndi mfuti Soviet ya nkhondo yachiwiri ya padziko lonse. Iye anali anayi, yokhala ndi lathyathyathya-nsonga (zikhoza kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chida pa disassembly). Zinali zomvetsa chisoni kuti: Kulasa pa iwo mphepete, nthawi yomweyo, ndinavomera, ndipo magazi mkati zinachitika. Russian faceted mpeni patapita kuletsedwa ndi misonkhanoyi.

Pambuyo 1939 asilikali anafika modernized Mosin mfuti, wosiyana zinachitika ndi zina kamangidwe Komabe, wooneka. Kusintha lozhevyh mphete, njira bayonets Kukhazikitsa ndi ramrod, ndi kuwunikira pamaso anachita chinkafunika.

M'mayiko ena

Osati chikumenyana ndi mayiko awiri chachikulu, koma ena onse a dziko okhudzana ndi mitundu ya basi (ndiye makamaka kwa mfuti submachine) anali osamala. Rearmament chofunika ndalama yaikulu, ndi chifukwa palibe munthu anakhoza kulosera. Kugunda lolondola komanso lodalirika zitsanzo watsopano anayamba kukayikira, chitukuko ndi kukayezetsa magazi kuzipatala chofunika kuonjezera ndalama chitetezo. Komanso, zinaonekeratu kuti monga katundu ndithu adatengedwa ndi msilikali adzakhala wamkulu, popeza kuti onse makina izi pachithandara mpaka zipolopolo. Mfuti kwambiri ikuluikulu ya Nkhondo Yachiwiri Yapadziko Lonse zinalengedwa, kupatula Soviet Union ndi Germany, United States ( "Springfield" ndi "Garand"), UK ( "Lee-Enfield"), mu Italy (Mk Ine № 4) ndi Japan ( "Arisaka") . Onsewo ali ndi ubwino ndi kuipa, koma ambiri, anali kukhala wofanana ndithu. A khama lalikulu anali Soviet ndi German gunsmiths.

Makinawa ABC 36

Mfuti mfuti zimenezi zimatchedwa chifukwa cha thunthu lawo ndi mabala, kulenga makokedwe dziwe, omwe chifukwa ali kupatuka ang'onoang'ono kwa chandamale. Zida m'zonse zabwino, koma unyinji wa zitsanzo ngati Red Army ndi Wehrmacht, anali drawback kwambiri - otsika mtengo. Pambuyo kuwombera pa womenya anali kupotoza bawuti kutumiza mlandu wina mu chipinda, ndipo anatenga nthawi wapatali. Mfuti 7,62 Simonov, mukutengera mu chaka cha 1936, anali ndi zovuta zambiri poyerekeza ndi trehlineykoy, kapangidwe - izo wogwidwa samovzvodom ukugwira ntchito pa mphamvu mpweya chopopera. Komanso, kuipanikiza nanyema, kuchepetsa amadza, bwino yolondola kumenya. Komabe, ngakhale ubwino, ndi kungotaya zipolopolo amanyoza nkhondowo makhalidwe a zida, ndi sitolo 15 kumawonjezera thupi makatiriji lapansi. Lamulo inakonda maganizo a kuthekera kwa kuchotsa ABC 36 chitsanzo chabwino.

Self-potsegula dongosolo Tokarev SVT-38

Kulengedwa Tokarev SVT-38 theka-zodziwikiratu mzere ndi mfundo osati mfuti basi. Poyerekeza ndi ABC 36 iye poyerekeza akutsutsana kwambiri akuonadi osiyanasiyana, bwino chomasuka yokonza, koma, mwatsoka, anasonyeza kuti nawonso wolemera ndi ayi. Makamaka zopindika adawoneka pa nthawi yozizira nkhondo pamene zolephera kawirikawiri pa otsika kutentha. Komabe, ngakhale kuti chitsanzo inachotsedwa pa ulimi mu 1940, Tokarev SVT-38 anatumikira mu zaka za nkhondo yolimbana ndi lopondereza kuwukira. Iwo makamaka ntchito pamene molondola n'kofunika kwambiri kuposa kudalilika.

Kenako Design Tokarev SVT 40

Zolakwika dongosolo SVT-38 pang'ono kuchotsedwa mu chitsanzo lotsatira mu 1940. Ndi okonza bulky ndi onenepa nkhondo ndi tikubooleza mabowo ndi kuzama kwa mbali kumene kunali kotheka. SVT 40 wakhala sizivuta trehlineyki, koma wolephera mwaluso kwambiri, asilikali ake ofunika kwambiri - mu kudalirika. Komanso, kusowa maphunziro luso ogwira ambiri a Red Army chinalepheretsa ntchito woyenera wa zida ndi zovuta kuzimvetsa. Zowona amadziwikanso kuyenda. Koma ntchito SVT 40 opezeka mayunitsi wapadera anaikira yowotcha yeniyeni. Iye tiyeni si zabwino Sniper mfuti, koma yabwino ndithu. Aliyense "thunthu" amakhazikitsa khalidwe yekha, ndi khalidwe, ndipo ngati chowombelera anali waluso, posakhalitsa szhivaetsya ndi zida zawo, kusintha kwa izo ndi yapindula kwambiri.

Zoopsa zoyenera AVT 40

makina yopanga okwera mtengo kusiyana ndi mfuti. Nkhondo isanayambe, ndi pachiyambi kunali kofunika kwambiri, kotero Tokarev kunapanga mtanda ndipo izo zinkawoneka zabwino. Womenya, okhala ndi mfuti AVT 40 akhoza moto akatemera limodzi ndi Kasupe. sitolo inali zipolopolo khumi. Komabe, pasanapite nthawi zinadziwika kuti wolandila sangaime mantha yaitali ndi moto basi yoletsedwa. The mwayi waukulu chitsanzo kunapezeka kuti chilibe ntchito, ndi zizindikiro zina zonse chitsanzo anatulukira mfuti Mosin.

Zida snipers Soviet ...

Pali gulu la manja laling'ono, drafting umene makhalidwe onse mwachizolowezi zitsanzo zambiri sidelined. Cholinga chachikulu cha mlengi ndi kuonetsetsa kuthekera kuti muvi patali bwino pa chandamale. Olondola ndi zofunika kwambiri. Soviet Sniper mfuti ya nkhondo yachiwiri anapangidwa machitidwe ziwiri zazikulu. Mu 1931, onse chomwecho mosinskaya trehlineyka, ndi pang'ono kusinthidwa vavu chogwirira, ndipo anapanga ndi osankhidwa mwapadera quality, analandira kupenya kuwala. Kunja, kumasiyana ndi kapangidwe choyambirira kuti shutter mapulaniwo izo kulozera downwards, osati oposa monga luso isanafike.

Soviet Sniper mfuti ku World nkhondo II SVT 40 tafotokozazi. Iwo okha mpaka kuwonjezera kuti kupanga awo ambiri zokhomakhoma mogometsa ndipo, ndithudi, amapanga envisaged bulaketi kwa Optics.

... ndi German

Pa chiyambi cha nkhondo ya Anazi patsogolo anatha kugwila m'matangadza kwambiri zida Soviet. Iwo sanalephere kuwadyera masuku pamutu. Chifukwa cha zimenezi, ambiri Soviet mfuti ya nkhondo yachiwiri ya padziko lonse, kuphatikizapo Sniper, wolandiridwa ndi Wehrmacht. Ngakhale kuphweka a kamangidwe, iwo anali wofunika kwambiri ndi mdani, amene mpaka 1942 siinali lopezeka ku kapangidwe zotsogola. Zikuphatikizapo Sniper mfuti Zf.Kar.98k, woimira patsogolo kwambiri "Mauser" mu chaka cha 1898, ndipo ena a mayunitsi ndi anagwidwa, poyamba otsekeredwa mu maiko azikhala (Czechoslovakia, France, Belgium, etc.). kuyesa kwambiri chidwi kulenga wosakanizidwa makina mfuti ndipo Sniper zida. kamangidwe amatchedwa Fallschirmjägergewehr 42 (mfuti kwa parachutist a). Ena akatswiri timakonda ndikukhulupirira kuti izo zinali zabwino Sniper mfuti. Lang'anani pa nthawiyo anali chitukuko zambiri zamakono ndi zinthu okha mayunitsi osankhika paratroopers ndi SS.

nkhondo itatha,

Panopa, padziko lonse mfuti basi m'malo mfuti. Tsopano, wina anawomberedwa snipers yekha. Ambiri zida wapadera mu malo Union ndi kupitirira mpaka lero Dragunov mfuti, cholinga mu 1963. Chifukwa kutchuka kwake Ndi mmene kwa manja Russian. Ndi wodzichepetsa, wodalirika ndi zotsika mtengo komanso ali ndi makhalidwe abwino kwambiri. Kamangidwe ka PRS ndi Chili makhalidwe abwino wogwidwa mfuti Sniper ya nkhondo yachiwiri ya padziko lonse, makamaka Soviet. anakonza, anatulukira kapena bwino mu 30s ndipo 40s, zagwiritsidwa ntchito mu chiwembu ake.

Kuyerekezera ndi mnzake American M24, pa koyamba, akutsimikizira chapamwamba mwa chitsanzo American. A mkulu mlingo molondola anali akwaniritsa akatswiri kunja, kutsatira sitepe mfuti 320 mm. Komabe, kwenikweni likukhalira kuti mosiyana iye Dragunov mfuti ndi chilengedwe ndipo akhoza moto mitundu yonse ya zida, kuphatikizapo zida kuboola incendiary. Pa ntchito ya pali milandu kumene SVD ngakhale anakwanitsa kuponyera pansi pa ndege, kuphatikizapo zovuta kuti akunde monga UAVs, Helicopters ndi ndege kuukira ndege.