Mibadwo njira. Kuphunzira pedigree

pedigree kuphunzira anatenga munthu kuchokera kalelo. Mu 18-19 zaka kusanthula kudwala anthu (matenda) linayamba kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri. Choncho, ndinayamba kupanga mibadwo njira kafukufuku. Kenako, kusintha kwa zinachitika monga Mzere wa pedigrees ndi makonda akusaka munzere kusanthula zowerengera deta wogwila.

Clinico-mibadwo njira - njira kuphunzira pedigrees, ntchito zomwe zimathandiza kuti tifufuza kufalitsa matendawa banja kapena banja pamene musankhe mtundu zimakhalira pakati pa mamembala awo.

Baibulo limeneli la phunzirolo amati konsekonse. Mibadwo njira ntchito pothetsa mavuto ongolankhula ambiri. Makamaka njira ntchito mu phunziroli:

- kukhazikitsa mu khalidwe cholowa;

- adziwe mtundu wa cholowa cha matenda kapena khalidwe;

- Lounikira penetrance (Kangati mawonetseredwe) jini;

- kupenda ndondomeko sanjira (kudziŵa jini malo wachibale wina khromozomu), ndipo majini zowalamulira;

- mphamvu ya phunzirolo ndondomeko kusintha;

- decoding njira, ozikidwa pa ntchito mogwirizana kwa chibadwa.

Mu mankhwala amakono, tikudziwa ambiri a kuvutika chibadwa. N'chifukwa chake pulogalamu phunziro la amayi apakati pa asanu matenda otengera kwa makolo. Njirazi ndi monga:

- phenylketonuria;

- syndrome Down ndi;

- kobadwa nako hypothyroidism ;

- syndrome androgenitalny;

- galactosemia;

- enaake fibrosis.

Mibadwo njira akhoza zina njira yokhayo imene tingadziwire mtundu wa cholowa cha matenda m'banja, kupeza chikhalidwe cha kudwala ndi kuwunika matenda madokotala ananena zawo, masiyanidwe matenda yocheza ndi zina matenda otengera kwa makolo. Komanso, kugwiritsa ntchito njira kafukufuku limakupatsani kuwerengera Mwina kubadwa kwa ana odwala, komanso sankhani miyeso okwanira ndi oyenera kuti akalandire chithandizo matenda, kapewedwe, mankhwala, kukhazikitsa ndi anatengera.

Mibadwo njira ikukhudza lokonzekera pedigree ndi chifaniziro chake zojambulajambula.

M'kupita kwa zinthu zimenezi ikuchitika deta za proband (mmodzi, amene zikugwira kuphunzira katswiri) ndi banja lake. Monga ulamuliro, akatswiri imachitika ndi wodwala kapena chonyamulira kuphunzira khalidwe. Komabe, njira mibadwo angagwiritsidwe ntchito osati mankhwala.

Ziwirizi mmodzi wa ana kholo amatchedwa abale (abale ndi alongo). Ngati pali kholo limodzi lokha - theka-abale. Iwo akhoza kukhala consanguineous (wamba bambo) kapena uterine (general mayi).

Childs, pedigree zojambula ikuchitika kufufuza angapo (kapena wina) matenda (zizindikiro). Kuchuluka kwa mfundo amadalira chiwerengero cha mibadwo zopezeka mmenemo (makolo).

Analysis wa deta zikusonyeza kudziwika mitundu ya cholowa nkhani zingapo zochititsa.

Mwachitsanzo, pa autosomal chitsanzo lalikulu mfundo za mbali anazindikiritsidwa mu pedigree (pafupifupi mu m'badwo uliwonse), anyamata ndi atsikana ndi pafupipafupi ofanana. Pali zizindikiro za kholo limodzi kumathandiza kuti maonekedwe a pa halftime kapena mbewu.

Mu kaundula mibadwo mbadwo uliwonse ayenera kuyikidwa mu utali wozungulira ake yopingasa kapena. Manambala a mibadwo ikuchitika wachiroma, ndi achibale - mu mawerengero Arabic.

Ngati pali banja matenda angapo cholowa, pakati pawo unbonded aliyense m'badwo kudwala wapangidwa payokha.