Mikhail Tukhachevsky: chithunzi, kanthawi yonena za Tuhachevskogo Mihaila Nikolaevicha

Tukhachevsky anali mmodzi wa atsogoleri kwambiri luso ndi odziwika kwa Red Army pa Civil nkhondo. Iye anali mmodzi mwa anthu adzasonkhanitsa asanu Soviet Union. Tukhachevsky anawomberedwa mu 1937 pa purges mu Red Army.

Kusankha ntchito asilikali

Tukhachevsky anabadwa February 16, 1893 mu banja zabwino. Mnyamata ana aang'ono ankakonda nyimbo. Iye anaphunzira kuimba zeze. Patapita nthawi yaitali, asilikali anayamba kucheza ndi wolemba Dmitri Shostakovich.

Madzulo wa First World nkhondo Mihail Tuhachevsky Alexandrov maphunziro kusukulu ya usilikali. Iye anali abwino kwambiri malangizo ndi ntchito maphunziro anzawo. Pamaso Tukhachevsky anatsegula wokongola ntchito chiyembekezo. M'chilimwe cha 1914, asilikali anaganiza zopita ku Semenov Regiment. M'tsogolo, iye amakhoza kupita ku Academy ya General Wogwila.

Chaka kale Moscow, Mikhail Tukhachevsky, pa mwambo wa chikumbutso 300th wa Romanov mafumu, unaperekedwa kwa Mfumu Nicholas II. Mtsogolo, mu moyo wake wachifumu, ndipo kenako Soviet kapitawo anafuna kukwaniritsa pazipita pa munda ntchito yawo. Mosakayikira, iye anali ndi mtima wofuna ndi cholinga. abwenzi ambiri ndi anzawo poyerekeza iye Napoleon. Mwachitsanzo, chikhumbo chake wofunitsitsa mu Maulendo Ake, lofalitsidwa mu Prague mu 1928, anati mnzakeyo Vladimir Postoronkin.

Asilikali tsarist

Nthawi zambiri, Mikhail Tukhachevsky mwamphamvu anaika namuuza kuti zochita osokoneza kuti amayesetsa akutulukira pamaso pake. Monga asilikali, iye anali mwayi kwambiri kukhala pa nthawi imene Russia anaonanso World Choyamba ndi Civil nkhondo.

Woyankhula mwanzeru; ndipo zinachitika lotsatira. Ngakhale mu nthawi ya mtendere, kuphunzira chaka mkulu wa sukulu ake ankhondo, Mikhail Tukhachevsky analemba lipoti ku utsogoleri, zomwe lipoti pa khalidwe loipa la cadets junior. Iwo anayamba Kuthi. Chifukwa, Junkers atatu (Krasovskiy, Janowski ndi Avdeyev) kudzipha.

German ukapolo

M'nkhondo World Ine, Tukhachevsky anagwidwa ndi Germany. msasawo, mu Ingolstadt, iye anadziwa tsogolo French pulezidenti Charles de Gaulle. Ndiye zikhalidwe za ukapolo sanali monga Mwachitsanzo, ku ndende ya Nazi Germany. Akaidi anamasulidwa pa parole patchuthi ina. Ntchito dongosolo, makalata, kapitawo achifumu anathawa.

Tukhachevsky Mikhail Nikolayevich, mwachidule mbiri yomwe monga munda wa asilikali anayamba ku ukapolo German, odanidwa Germany. Kale mu Soviet Union, monga wachiwiri Commissar a silikhali, nthawi zambiri ankaimba ndi diatribes ndi dziko lino.

Polish kampeni

Pambuyo pa October kuukira boma, Tukhachevsky limodzi ndi Bolsheviks. Mu Red Army, mwamsanga akwaniritsa bwino ndi kutchuka. M'chaka cha 1920 Tukhachevsky anasankhidwa mkulu wa Western Front, pamene Red Army anali pa nkhondo ndi Poland. Pa nthawi imeneyi, kayendedwe White anagonjetsedwa kulikonse. Tsopano, Bolsheviks anali amasamukira kukhazikitsa dongosolo ake kusintha dziko. Ngati Red Army atalanda Poland, ogwira kupanduka kuyamba mu mpumulo wa Europe. Lenin ndiye atapereka wotchuka chiphiphiritso "A Warsaw ku Berlin ndi Paris."

The apogee chiyambire Tukhachevsky anali zikamera wa Red Army mu mzinda wa likulu Polish pa 14 August. Komabe, patatha masiku awiri izo anayamba counteroffensive Pilsudski. Chifukwa, mizati anabwera Minsk. Zinali okwana atasokonezeka. Iye sanali zogwirizana kulephera kwa Tukhachevsky panokha, koma anafotokoza mwa zifukwa cholinga. Russian anamenyera zaka 7 kuchokera pachiyambi cha First World nkhondo. Iwo anaphwa. Pa nthawi yomweyo maganizo chosintha ogwira ntchito pa Poland zinali zochepa kwambiri kuposa chilakolako cha ufulu wa dziko. Kwa anthu a dziko lino kubwera kwa Bolsheviks kwenikweni chinali kubera Russian.

asilikali ake a Kronstadt

Mgwirizanowu mtendere ndi Poland yosainidwa pa March 18 1921, pa nthawi imene Tukhachevsky anapondereza chiwembu mu Kronstadt. Iye anafika mu manambala Petrograd 5. Iye anatumidwa kuthana ndi amalinyero opanduka pa chilumba chapafupi mpaka March 8, pamene munakonza kutsegula kwa X Congress wa Party.

Anayamba wotchuka itachita wa cadets, akuguba kudutsa ayezi ya Gulf of Finland. Pa nthawi yomweyo, Lenin pa msonkhano wa Bureau Political anavomera kuletsa ubweya-kuyenerera ndipo kotero mufitse wina wa malamulo a panyanjawa wopanduka, amene okongoletsedwa banja likuvutika ndi njala chifukwa Bolsheviks anachotsa mbewu wawo wonse. kupanduka anali kuletsedwa pambuyo kuukira chachiwiri pa March 18. Madzulo a amalinyero opanduka anaika pansi zida zawo, kuchapa sitimayo ndipo anadikira tsoka lake. Ena mwa iwo anasamuka ku Finland.

The yimitsira a wamba kupanduka

The Kronstadt chiwembu anali mbali yoyamba ya nkhondo ya Bolsheviks mu 1921. Pambuyo akugonjetsa amalinyero Tukhachevsky anapita Antonovskiy kubisa kupanduka. Izi kupanduka wamba anayamba m'chigawo Tambov m'ma 1920. Mtsogoleri wa opandukawo anali Alexander Antonov, chifukwa cha zimene zinadziwika monga kauntala-boma "Antonovites". Wosasangalala akuluakulu Soviet m'mudzimo nkhondo ndipo anapanga Union of wamba ntchito. Bungweli ali anatengera khalidwe ndale zake uchimo. wamba chofunika ndi kugonjetsa Bolsheviks ankadana ndi Assembly Constituent. Antonov zayamba chifukwa cha njala yoopsa m'mudzi chifukwa zotsala ndipo wopweteka ndondomeko ya nkhondo chikominisi.

Mu April 1921, Efraim Sklyansky, akale dzanja lamanja la Trotsky ndi wachiwiri wake mu Council usilikali Chiwukirano, Lenin anatumiza munthu memo limene akufuna kuti Tukhachevskogo makamaka udindo kugonjetsedwa kwa opandukawo Tambov. The ngwazi za pa Civil nkhondo, Koma sanathe kumenyana ndi Anthu awo. Iwo anali anavomera kuti Tukhachevsky Mikhail Nikolayevich Amasankhidwa mkulu chokhacho m'chigawo Tambov, popanda nkhani iliyonse mwa atolankhani. Asilikali anapatsidwa mwezi kuchotsa "Antonov magulu." Pa nthawi yomweyo Tukhachevsky Mikhail Nikolayevich ali ku likulu la ufulu mtheradi wa kanthu. Zasonyezanso kuti iye anatenga izo.

Nkhondo ndi zigaŵenga zankhondo za

Pa May 6, Tambov anabwera Mikhail Tukhachevsky. A mbiri mwachidule munthu ndi chitsanzo cha zochitika ndi zodabwitsa ntchito zofunika. Anagonjetsa Poland, woyendetsa anayika mtanda m'tsogolo. Koma mu 1921, iye chifukwa cha yimitsira wa Kronstadt moipitsa ndi kugalukira Antonovskoe, akhoza osati wolungama pamaso pa Politburo, komanso mpata kulimbikitsa zina mkulu wa Red Army.

Popeza imawunikidwa zinthu pansi, Tuhachevskiy Mihail Nikolaevich pa May 12 inaika lamulo nambala 130, malinga ndi zimene zigaŵenga zankhondo anali osawuka mudzipereke. Ngati mwana wotsutsayo sanafunkhe pansi zida zawo, banja lake amugwira. Achibale a masabata awiri anali ku ndende zozunzirako wapadera. Ngati mlimi alibe zalengezedwa ndi nthawi, banja n'cholinga choti Siberia.

Against maziko awa, pa 28 May, Red Army anapita tingalimbanirane. June 11 anali mgwirizano watsopano, wolemba amene anali Tukhachevsky Mikhail Nikolayevich. Tsopano, asilikali ali ndi ufulu kuwombera anthu amene anakana kudzitchula ndi dzina. Mwa August, athamangitsidwe kakusintha 70 zikwi mabanja. N'zochititsa chidwi kuti Army Tukhachevsky kuletsedwa kugalukira Antonovites ndi tsogolo ngwazi wa zaka 26 Wamkulu kukonda dziko lako nkhondo Georgy Zhukov.

Kugwiritsa ntchito zida za mankhwala

M'chigawo Tambov Tuhachevskiy Mihail Nikolaevich anatenga njira yatsopano ya nkhondo. Kale mu 30s, pamene pa pachimake ntchito yake, analemba ndi asilikali zolemba ongolankhula. zipangizo zingapo anathera zida za mankhwala. Ikani mpweya Tukhachevsky ankatanthauza ophunzira ochokera Mphungu. Njira imeneyi ndi ntchito kununkhiritsa wamba ku nkhalango.

Mpweya anayamba kuyamba ndi kuchedwa ndi pokhapokha Moscow anabweretsa masks. Latsopano machenjerero zinabala zipatso. M'katikati mwa July 1921, Lenin analandira lipoti kuti mphamvu Soviet unakhazikitsidwa m'chigawo Tambov kulikonse. Mlembi wa pepala anali Mikhail Tukhachevsky. Wambiri ya zaka 28. nkhondo amalembedwa kupambana wina pa mutu wa Red Army. Antonov yimitsira a wamba chiwembu anali chimbuzi cha ntchito yake asilikali. Kuyambira pamenepo, iye akupatsa maudindo akuluakulu, koma nkhondo sizinachitike.

"Chiŵanda cha Civil nkhondo"

Kodi n'kofunika kwambiri mbiri ya Soviet Tuhachevskiy Mihail Nikolaevich? The yonena za munthu uyu ndi chitsanzo ntchito kapitawo wa mfumu mu Red Army. The Bolsheviks anayamba kulamulira, anatha kupambana Civil nkhondo, makamaka chiyamiko chakuti anayamba kugwirizana ndi akatswiri ankhondo amene anali kutumikira mfumu.

The E mfundo imeneyi kusintha anakhala wapampando wa Chiwukirano usilikali Council Lev Trotsky. Nkhani ya akapitawo monga Tukhachevsky Mikhail Nikolayevich, mu Civil nkhondo anasonyeza bwanji yoyenera Lev Davidovich. Iwo ali mu zinthu zambiri, ndi njira, anali ofanana. Trotsky amatchedwa "chiwanda zisinthe." Lev Davidovich anali wofunika kwambiri Tukhachevsky. Kamodzi ananena za mtsogoleri wa gulu "chiwanda wa Civil nkhondo."

apolisi pa gunpoint

Mu 1929, a German nzeru utumiki anapezerapo zabodza kuti nthumwi za German General Wogwila si aliyense, ndipo Mikhail Tukhachevsky. Photo mkulu kenako ku nkhani yaumwini ya Soviet apolisi. Ngakhale mu mzindawo unali msonkhano wokopa zonse purges mu Red Army. Asilikali anamangidwa alonda zikwi zingapo tsarist. Awiri a iwo (Utatu komanso Kokorin) anapereka umboni Tukhachevsky. atumiki wakale adamnenera Iye chiwembu boma ndi mtima wofuna kukonza chiwembu asilikali.

Pa pomufunsa, Kokorin ndi Utatu kukauza Stalin. Zinali ndiye, mu 1930, mtsogoleri mitundu anaganiza tsoka la Tukhachevsky. Mu mtsogoleri wa asilikali anaikidwa chizindikiro wakuda. Komabe, Stalin anadikira zaka zina zingapo, pang'onopang'ono kukonzekera kuyeretsedwa kwathunthu kwa Red Army kuti zinachitika pa Wamkulu mantha.

Mu mmasate oyambirira Tukhachevsky anali mkulu wa Leningrad usilikali District. November 7, 1933, tsiku lokumbukira ya October kuukira boma, iye anatsogolera perete pa Red Square. Mu 1935, iye anakhala mmodzi wa oyamba adzasonkhanitsa asanu Soviet Union. Patapita chaka chimodzi, mkulu wa asilikali wasankhidwa wachiwiri silikhali Commissar Voroshilov.

kugwa

Panthawi imeneyi, mavuto anayamba Europe. Mu Germany, Nazi atayamba kulamulira. Iwo likuyandikira nkhondo, ndiponso kusakhulupirirana Stalin chinakula wamphamvu. Zinali kuopa mphamvu yake inali chifukwa chachikulu kupondereza mu Red Army. Popular, wachinyamata komanso ophunzira polimbana Mikhail Tukhachevsky mu nkhondo yaikulu Stalin anali osafunika.

May 1, 1937, pambuyo perete ndi, pamwamba Soviet utsogoleri anapitiriza kukondwerera holide nyumba pa Voroshilov. Stalin ndiye kuti Tilandire ananena kuti "adani" m'dzikolo adzakhala kuzindikiridwa ndi kuwonongedwa. Chitsutsocho wayamba kale, koma asilikali sanabadwe wandikhudza. Patapita masiku angapo powonekera yofunika iyi Tukhachevsky anachotsedwa ku malo Commissar wachiwiri Anthu a silikhali. Iye anatumidwa analamula Volga usilikali District.

Mulole 22, 1937 polimbana anamangidwa ku Kuibyshev. Pa kufunsidwa ndi, Tukhachevsky anavomereza kuti kukonzekera chiwembu asilikali. Kuchita izi, iye ankati ankati bungwe Red Army kugonjetsedwa mu nkhondo pafupi ndi Germany kapena Japanese. June 11 Tukhachevsky analamulidwa chifukwa espionage ndi woukira boma. Iye anawomberedwa usiku womwewo. Marshall anali atamwalira anapulumutsa ndi kumukonzanso mu 1957.