Mivi APU: C-300 "Okondeka". Zofunika zithunzi

chiwerengero cha khalidwe asilikali sayansi, wotchuka kwambiri m'dera la otchedwa ATO, usalowe ntchito ya okwerera mpweya chitetezo. Tiyenera madalaivala, paratroopers, linzake, koma osati anthu amene zapita mokakamizidwa kapena mgwirizano utumiki ndiponso ophunzitsidwa wolunjika odana ndege chida machitidwe "Buk" kapena C-300 "Okondeka". Photos ndi kanema wa njira imeneyi, kukwawa pamodzi misewu kum'mawa, m'miyezi yapitayi, kuti anasefukira TV ndi Intaneti.

Chifukwa "okondedwa" pafupi Donetsk?

Iwo likukhalira kuti dongosolo odana ndi ndege akatswiri APU chokwanira Sam okha. Nchifukwa chiyani ali kumeneko? Chifukwa ife tonse tikudziwa kuti asilikali a ndege ake kumeneko, ndipo maonekedwe ake si kuyembekezera. Nanga zikwi zingapo asilikali ndi alonda kumenyana mikhalidwe yovuta zedi kwa chaka ndi amachitabe popanda ndege ndi amakono nkhondo pakompyuta? ndege amene mukupita gwetsa kuwerengetsera kutumikira chida machitidwe S-300 APU "Okondeka"? Pali mafunso kuposa mayankho. Kuti mwanjira kulongosola zinthu, kungakhale kofunika kumvetsa kodi kachitidwe chitetezo, pamene Ukraine anawalandira ndi momwe iwo angakhalire.

amafuna General kwa makono mafoni dongosolo mpweya chitetezo chida

Soviet mivi odana ndege kuyambira penipeni, anazindikira njira zothandiza kwambiri kulimbana ndege mdani. Wokwanira kukumbukira zochitika za makumi asanu mochedwa - zaka zao za sikisite oyambirira pamene iwo anawomberedwa pansi kazitape ndege U-2 ankatengedwa invulnerable. Iwo akhoza kuuluka pamalo okwera mkulu (oposa 18,000 meters), kumene interceptors sanathe zichotsedwe, koma odana ndi ndege zawo mizinga, ndipo ali kumeneko. Ndiye kunali Vietnam, komwe kunasonyeza kuti dziko kuti kulangidwa kwa bomba Hanoi ndi midzi ina ya Vietnam sizigwira ntchito ngakhale mu US Air Force amene anali heavy-ntchito njira luso. Pa nthawi yomweyo, ndi chofunika chachikulu pafoni odana ndege kachitidwe kamakono mzinga, ndipo nthawi yomweyo ndipo tikupeza mavuto waukulu anakumana kuwerengetsera awo. Yopangidwa mu US protivoradarnyh "Shrike" zida anauzidwa pamodzi mzere wa kufufuza mphamvu kwa mipherezero panamveka ndi tinyanga lapansi. Chikadzangotha Launch anakhala yofunika "mchitidwe mawilo" kutanthauza mmene ndingathere ndi othamanga udindo bailout nkhondowo pofuna kupewa kubwezera. Kubweretsa zovuta mu malo zoyendera kunapatsidwa kwa mphindi zochepa (zambiri pang'ono kuposa 20), pamene, monga ulamuliro, zingwe kugwirizana kuwaza, chifukwa kunalibe nthawi akunyengerera iwo.

chomuchitikira chonse ichi umaonekera kamangidwe ka mpweya chitetezo zovuta S-300 "Okondeka". Baibulo lake loyamba anayamba anayamba mu 1969, pamene asilikali analowa mu 1978.

mawu owonjezera

Choncho, masiku ano maofesi mafoni zosowa mpweya chitetezo mu nthawi yaifupi kuti kutembenuka ndi kubwera udindo wa asilikali, ndipo, ndiye basi mwamsanga (mwinanso mofulumira), umasamutsidwa ku malo zoyendera ndi kusiya malo ntchito, popanda kuyembekezera zimene miyeso mdani n'chongoletsa izo. Koma pali zofunikira zina zimene anapanga maonekedwe a zingamuthandize odana ndege chida machitidwe S-300 "Okondeka" wa zosintha zosiyanasiyana. Mmodzi wa iwo ndi mfundo yakuti poyamba anthu kuphana malo anali mwachinsinsi. Ngati inu ikani Sam m'chigwa lotseguka, mdani adzatha kupeza m'njira zambiri kuphatikizapo masomphenya. The Launch mu nkhalango, kapena chifukwa cha m'makwinya zachilengedwe m'madera a mpumulo ndi zovuta, popeza zotchinga zimenezi zingatilepheretse izo. Ndipo komabe, kuti tisunge ndalama bajeti, ndi zofunika pogwirizanitsa atatu mitundu ikuluikulu anafuna kuti yapamadzi, Ankhondo ndi Air silikhali. Kwenikweni zogwirizana ndi mawu a chida machitidwe S-300 "Okondeka".

zofunikira ndi makhalidwe

Pa chiyambi cha ntchito yomangayo kale kukonza mavuto chachikulu chitetezo ya. Popeza ochiritsira ndege ndi Helicopters zitsulo zinthu mwatsatanetsatane msinkhu, inagona kukakumana mivi otsika mbalame ndi mipherezero mkulu-liwiro, pomenyana ku stratosphere pa velocities chachikulu (makamaka mayunitsi nkhondowo IDB). osiyanasiyana Izi lonse ungatithandizire a S-300 "Okondeka". Features mpata pafupifupi aliwonse cholinga:

• Utali wozungulira - 5-90 (pambuyo 150) Km.
• Msinkhu wa kudziwika chotupa ndi - kuchokera mamita 25 mpaka 27 Km.
• chandamale liwiro - mpaka 4140 Km / h, kenako ziwonjezeke kwa 10 zikwi Km / h ..
• Chiwerengero cha imodzi chinkhoswe zinthu zouluka - 6.
• Chiwerengero cha mivi iliyonse chandamale - 2.
• Mwina kuononga chandamale (ballistic chida) - kuchokera 80 93%.
• Nthawi pakati kumayamba - 3 kwa masekondi 5.

Kukakumana otsika-zouluka ndi zolinga wapamwamba-mkulu

Mu makumi asanu ndi awiri, ndi ntchito onena anali chitetezo kuthekera chiwonongeko cha ndege mosabisa njira yodutsamo ndi zokwana nkhondo ballistic, ali pa njira yodutsamo komaliza. Pakuti zolinga zimenezi ndipo analenga S-300 "Okondeka", koma mamangidwe ake amaganizira chiyembekezo cha chitukuko cha njira yobereka munitions. Patsogolo zida amanyansidwa mosalephera, ndiye, chotero ntchito mtengo - kuti kupewa obsolescence kwayandikirako - athe kuponyera pansi zinthu, zouluka mofulumira ndi apamwamba patsogolo pawo. meters zosakwana 25? Mwina, koma ndiye, mu 70s, kuti kulingalira n'zotheka kulenga zida ndi waluso pa amenewa, zinali sangathe, ndipo lero n'zovuta. S-300 "Okondeka" anali ndi kuthekera kwambiri kusinthidwa, ali ndi lothandiza lero - iwo ali makamaka zochokera Russian mpweya chitetezo dongosolo, ngakhale kuti munali kale "kupambana" wa S-400 ndi makhalidwe kuzikonzanso. Pa njira ndi C-500.

kapangidwe magawano

Chigawo mfundo za dongosolo mpweya chitetezo amafuna yoyenera mayunitsi kasamalidwe dongosolo.

The zikuchokera kuika zovuta za S-300 "Okondeka" zikuphatikizapo angapo launchers m'manja, apanga ngati gulu limene makina wina akuti ndi waukulu, ndipo enanso awiri - okhulupirika. Pambali, magawano nawo kutsata okwerera Rada ndi njira kuonetsetsa nkhondowo mogwira (nawuza magalimoto zoyendera). Management ikuchitika ku mafoni lamulo positi, okonzeka ndi makina ounikira zounikira ndi malangizo. Kudziwika mipherezero pa otsika okwera njira yodutsamo umatulutsa chowunikira otsika okwera HBO, amene aikidwa pa wapadera Wopanda-kunja ngolo nsanja.

roketi 5V55R

Iwo okonzeka ndi uthunthu nkhondo osiyana, tsopano ndi nthawi zambiri 5V55R anayamba CB "muuni". Linamangidwa pa chiwembu chakale ndi lopinda makina zowongolera. Mu zoyendera malo za chiyambi 5V55R izo lili wolimba hermetically losindikizidwa chidebe cylindrical. Mkati khumi, sizikusoweka kulamulira chikhalidwe chawo, monga zida ndi injini olimba. Zipinda ali chida ulamuliro zida, malangizo finders ndi dongosolo zina hardware. PU 300 "Okondeka" kugwira Launch pafupifupi zinthu chilichonse chobisika, kuphatikizapo zikomo kwambiri kumvetsa kuti mbali zaphindu, kupereka catapult chiyambi. Party, lomwe ndi cholinga, si zofunika. Chida ali n'kuthamangitsidwa beseni ndi kutalika mamita 20, ndiyeno iye akuyamba injini, ndipo iye akutembenukira kwa malo oyenera.

mphamvu zachiwawa

Action IYE kugawikana onongani mbali: kuphulika amalenga zochita vekitala imatsogoleredwa zinthu otaya kukwapula mu mawonekedwe a chulucho likukula. 5V55R roketi S-300 "Okondeka" kumenyana chipinda ali ndi mutu ndi gulu la makilogalamu 133 a zachiwawa, 48N6 - 143 makilogalamu ndi amphamvu kwambiri 48N6M - 180 makilogalamu. kuyang'anira mwambo contactlessly (ie kukhudza-cholinga ndege alumikizana optional) Rada fuze kanthu. Submunitions anapangidwa mawonekedwe a midadada zitsulo.

zamagetsi

The backwardness umisiri Soviet amagetsi mu makumi asanu ndi awiri sankalankhula yekha nzika aulesi. zojambulira Japanese kapena German, ma TV ndi mawailesi analidi bwino, koma kuyerekeza kuthekera luso asilikali, palibe wina, koma akatswiri. Choncho, gulu, kutsogozedwa ndi V. S. Burtsevym, anali kale kulamulira kompyuta, omwe anakhala maziko a 5E26 zovuta, akhoza kuthetsa mavuto zovuta algorithmic ndi zambiri anachokera ku magwero angapo (pa bolodi ndi locators kunja) mudziwe otalikirana. Ndipo pambali, ndi kuphana dongosolo S-300 "Okondeka" ndzeru na udziwisi kusiyanitsa woona pazimene onyenga. Iwo kubala zochita n'zofunika mode ndi zodziwikiratu ndi digiri yapamwamba ya chitetezo chokwanira phokoso. Mu Mipingo, zipangizo mobwerezabwereza bwino ndipo mnjira anapitiriza m'zaka XXI, ntchito zigawo zambiri zamakono.

Ndi angati "okondedwa" mu Ukraine?

Mpaka 1991, izi ndi zina machitidwe anali tcheru pamodzi kukafika kutsogolo lonse la dziko malire a dziko la Soviet Union, ndipo pambuyo kugwa kwa gawo la iwo anatengera APU. C-300 "Okondeka" amafunika chisamaliro aluso: kuyambira nthawi ya ulimi wa ngakhale latsopano "Chiyukireniya" chida wakhala kotala atumwi, omwe ndi kawiri koposa ya moyo kungakupatseni alumali. Only zovuta mmodzi anakongoletsa mu 2012 ndi zaka zisanu ukugwirizana gwero la. Iwo mu 2013 kupita kupuma, koma zochitika East kupewedwa malingaliro amenewo. chitetezo Ukraine panopa ukufanizidwa ndi makumi asanu battalions machitidwe a mitundu yosiyanasiyana angati awa "okondedwa" (C-200, "Buk-M1" ndi ena.) - kugulu ndi kuwauza. Amachita mu Russia, pa zomangamanga chomera iwo. M. I. Kalinina, ndi zifukwa zoonekeratu, ali kugulisa kumayiko kuthamangitsa malamulo oipa.

ziyembekezo

Kuti monga May, "okondedwa" m'khamu Chiyukireniya idakalipo. Komabe, gawo lawo pafupifupi wotopa, koma kuganizira umoyo kwambiri komanso lodalirika luso Soviet, zikhoza kapadera kuti ngakhale lero ambiri kachitidwe ali mu mkhalidwe nkhondowo okonzeka. Mu onse kumene izi ovomereza-Western wa panopa Kiev makonzedwe zikusonyeza kuti wamakono wa mpweya chitetezo adzakhala zitsanzo kumadzulo. Muyenera ndalama, kuti sikokwanira, kotero kuti zosintha mwamsanga ziyenera kuchitira. Komabe, kodi kuikidwa pa udindo nkhondowo atalemba kuchokera otsiriza "ndiwotani?" The machitidwe zatsopano sitiyenera kuyembekezera Ukraine ndi achilendo Inde mfundo si choncho bwino kuyembekezera kuti mayiko atongi wa NATO anaika azipeza osati kwaulere, koma ndalama zambiri. Izi zikutipatsa funso mmene American, British kapena French machitidwe chitetezo chida adzakhala aluso pa nkhani ya nkhondo yeniyeni usakule mu gawo "otentha"? Ambiri kumadzulo dziko Sam maganizo opangidwa mu US "Patriot". Mwina iwo akupita kusintha mivi Mat 300 "Okondeka"?

Kuyerekezera ndi "Patriot"

Pafupifupi zizindikiro zonse S-300 ali ndi "Patriot". Utali wozungulira, mmene chandamale kupeza ndi n'zotheka kwambiri m'munsi (90 Versus 150 km). kutalika kukakumana ndi otsika (24.4 Versus 30 chikwi. m). Malo otetezedwa "ankakonda 'gawo tenfold kwambiri (150 sq. Km ndi 15 motero). Ngati dongosolo Russian wa kusinthidwa otsiriza wokonzeka kukakumana mipherezero hypersonic (10 000 m / s), odana ake American okha akukhudza (mpaka 2200 m / gawo). Komabe, chiwerengero cha mizinga, anachititsa pa nthawi yomweyo, oposa theka (24 ndi 12), komanso mtengo wa "Patriot" mu nthawi pamwambapa. nawuza mphamvu ndi apamwamba pakati "okondedwa" - mizinga American ndi makilogalamu 80. nthawi Kutumizidwa ndi clotting (mphindi 15-30) ndipo sayankhula mokomera chitsanzo US. Komanso, musalankhule injini, towed zosowa zake. Conco, Russia zinali patsogolo.