Muuni matenda. Muuni matenda pa mimba. Muuni matenda: zotsatira decoding

About ziwiri kapena zitatu pa zana a anomalies kobadwa nako yoopsa nkhani matenda perinatal. Ambiri a iwo ali pa chiopsezo chachikulu cha matenda pa mimba ndi nsungu kobwereza akhoza kusokoneza kwa ndondomeko za pobereka kapena nyengo ya postpartum. Muuni (muuni) - izo ndi acronym, matenda intrauterine, osauka ambiri ndipo zikuimira ngozi yaikulu kwa mwana wosabadwayo.

Muuni matenda pa mimba. chinawathandiza kumvetsa n'chakuti achidule

• T - ndi toxoplasmosis (toxoplasmosis).
• O - matenda ena (ena), ndi omwe amatanthauza chiwindi B ndi C, chlamydia, listeriosis, chindoko, matenda gonococcal, ndi parvovirus. Komanso posachedwapa wodzilemekeza ndi mndandanda wa katsabola, HIV, enterovirus matenda.
• R - ndi chikuku (chikuku).
• C - CMV (cytomegalovirus).
• H - ndi nsungu (nsungu).

Ndiye pali buku lino kuti muuni matenda pa mimba monga anayi okha matenda pamwamba, ndi kalata "O" mu acronym umaimira palibe ena, koma amachita ngati kalata wachiwiri mawu toxoplasmosis.

Ntchito mawu akuti

Monga tikudziwa, munthu akhoza kugunda chikuku, cytomegalovirus, toxoplasmosis, nsungu matenda. Muuni - mawu amene si ntchito kwa anthu onse, koma poyerekezera ndi kukonzekera mimba ndi amayi apakati ndi mwana wosabadwayo ndipo akhanda. Childs, msonkhano woyamba ndi matenda ali zimachitika ali mwana kapena unyamata. Pambuyo matenda chachikulu umabala chitetezo m'thupi. Ngati akazi kachilombo kwa nthawi yoyamba chinachitika mu nthawi ya mimba, ziwalo yoopsa ndi machitidwe (makamaka dongosolo chapakati mantha) akhoza kukhala amadza zimawononga, amene kumaonjezera ngozi ya padera, malformations kobadwa nako, stillbirths, malformations.

Ngati mayi wapakati ali iliyonse muuni zovuta matenda chiyambi magazi zimafala majeremusi akhoza kulowa m'thupi mwanayo. Ngati izi zimachitika kawirikawiri amakhala ndi kutsirizitsa mimba. Zinthu zovuta chifukwa chakuti nthawi zambiri palibe zizindikiro pathological, ndi vutoli wapezeka kokha pamene kafukufukuyu amachitika matenda muuni.

mathandizidwe ndi

Kupewa mavuto m'tsogolo, Ndi bwino pamaso mimba kapena trimester kuyezedwa kuti adziwe ngati kale chachikulu matenda matenda muuni-zovuta kapena ayi. Ngati iyo ili, inu mukhoza kupuma zosavuta: palibe choopsa. Ngati ayi, ayenera kusamalira thanzi lawo ndi kusunga mndandanda wa njira zodzitetezera. Mwachitsanzo, mu nkhani ya toxoplasmosis, m'pofunika kusunga malamulo kuti kuchepetsa chiopsezo cha matenda; za chikuku - tikhoza kuika katemera, etc. Komanso, pa mimba akhale zonse kuwunika za umoyo za matenda, amene mulibe matupi chitetezo nthawi kudziwa vuto, ngati Mwadzidzidzi ... akazi ambiri amachita chidwi ndi kusanthula zingati pa matenda muuni. Price matenda mabuku zimasiyanasiyana rubles awiri zikwi zisanu.

kafukufuku zasayansi

Monga tanenera kale, pambuyo matenda zimayambitsa palibe mawonetseredwe matenda. Ena kuchuluka lymph mfundo, malungo, zidzolo Komabe, zizindikiro zimenezi si pokha, kotero matenda kudzera mwa kuyendera zithunzi sizingatheke.

Laboratory kusanthula pa matenda muuni ndi kudziwa ndende (titer) m'mwazi wa chitetezo kwa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda chikuku, nsungu, toxoplasmosis ndi cytomegalovirus. Ngati chitetezo alipo, zikutanthauza kuti mkazi m'mbuyomu zowawa matenda izi ndipo ali asanazolowere izo. Koma ngati oteteza titer ndi mkulu kapena ukuwonjezeka pang'onopang'ono, choncho ndondomeko ndi yogwira pa mphindi iliyonse. Ngati oteteza si konse molawirira kwambiri kusangalala. Pali nthawizonse chiopsezo akhala akudwala pa mimba.

Mwa njira, popereka zizindikiro si zogwirizana ndi mlingo wa ngozi zotsatira tating'onoting'ono pa mwana wosabadwayo. Mwachitsanzo, mayina Nthawi zambiri pamene akazi anali nawo mawonetseredwe bwino matenda, koma ana anali wathanzi, ndi mosemphanitsa, pamene mtima wa silinkachitidwa pa zizindikiro, ndi zipatso akhala akumenya mwamphamvu.

atayezetsa

nyama zonse ndi zisanu makalasi magazi immunoglobulin, ndiko kuti, zinapangidwa pamaso padali kugawanikana mu mtundu wa zolengedwa zoyamwitsa. Izi zikusonyeza kufunika kwa chitetezo kupulumuka. Immunoglobulins - ndi mapuloteni wapadera amapangidwa pamene thupi anapezeka ndi wothandizila aliyense pathological. The chitetezo zimayenera kukhala zachindunji, kutanthauza iwo okha bwanji wothandizila makamaka. Poyenga ndi kulunjika, ndi mayina a immunoglobulins (Ig) anawonjezera kuti dzina la tchimo, ndi zomwe iwo amachita.

Choncho, pali makalasi asanu oteteza: IgM, IgG, IgA, IgD, IgE. Mfundo zitatu zoyambirira ndi zofunika kwambiri. Mu phunziro zasayansi mu nyali zotsatira matenda decoding zochokera ntchito ya osiyana immunoglobulins: IgG, ndi IgM. Pamisinkhu yosiyanasiyana Poyankha cha m'thupi Zikuoneka chitetezo osiyana. Iwo alipo mu magazi panthawi zosiyanasiyana, kulola katswiri, pambuyo Kusanthuka deta pa kusanthula muuni-matenda, kudziwa nthawi ya matenda, kuneneratu kuopsa ndi molondola perekani miyeso chithandizo.

Mlingo wa IgM ndi IgG

Litangoyamba za ndondomeko pathological IgM kuchuluka, pachimake iwo kufikira sabata loyamba wachinayi (malingana ndi mtundu wa matenda), ndipo kenako mu miyezi ingapo yafupika. Akuti IgM pano ndalama kwambiri matenda ena akhoza kukhala nthawi yaitali ndithu. Ndiyeno adza kwa kusanthula chithandizo kwa IgG avidity chifukwa tizilomboto (kuti mudziwe zambiri za izo takambirana m'munsimu).

Quickness kuyendera IgM magazi limachititsa matenda pa paja. IgG kuoneka kenako - Msabata lachitatu pambuyo matenda; mlingo wawo ndi kukula pang'onopang'ono, koma iwo apitiriza magazi kwa nthawi yaitali (pa matenda ena kukhala moyo).

Polymerase unyolo anachita (PCR) ndi puloteni-zogwirizana immunosorbent zofufuza (Elisa)

PCR angathandize azindikire matenda muuni. Zotsatira Decoding Komabe, sikali mayankho alipo. Kudzera kudzipenda moteromo amatha kudziwa kumene kuli kapena kusapezeka kwa DNA mu chamoyo wa wothandizila ndi ngakhale kudziwa mtundu wake, koma Mwachitsanzo, kusiyanitsa matenda pachimake kapena posachedwapa ku HIV chonyamulira adzalephera. Phunziro ntchito magazi, mkodzo, kumaliseche kwa chiberekero kapena kumaliseche. Yolondola zotsatira peresenti 90-95. PCR njira anasonyeza kuti kwambiri Kupeza Vuto matenda asymptomatic ndi aakulu. Amene ali lililonse (ndi zofunika kwambiri), ngakhale amalola kudziwa kuchuluka zing'onozing'ono tizilomboto lapansi.

Elisa ntchito pamene mukufuna kupeza zimene siteji ndondomeko matenda. Elisa zachokera mtima wa chitetezo kwa nthumwi causative matendawa. Nkhani yophunzira ndi wosiyana khomo pachibelekeropo, kumaliseche, mkodzo.

Koma zotsatira yodalirika akamagwira atayezetsa pa matenda muuni. Pajatu lili ndi oteteza magazi seramu. Yachokera pa kafukufuku izi adokotala akhoza kupanga mapeto monga imene mtundu wa matendawa amakhudza akazi (yopweteka kwambiri kapena yokhalitsa), kumvetsa ngati matenda ndi yogwira kapena wodwala - kokha chonyamulira matenda muuni. Pa mimba magazi m'pofunika kufufuza mphamvu, njira yokha adzatha kutenga zotsatira zolondola. Ngati oteteza titer ikukula mofulumira, choncho pali ngozi.

zodzitetezera

Only dokotala molondola kumasulira nkhani pa matenda muuni. Decryption kudziŵa zina, ndipo iweyo si okhoza kumvetsa chimene zomwe ziri. Ngati ndi kotheka, katswiri adzakhala adzaika Kupenda zina. Iye akumufunsira chiwembu cha zodzitetezera. Amayi apakati amene alibe chitetezo ku matenda makamaka, m'pofunika m'nthawi ya gestation wa mwana kupereka ulemu wapadera kwa moyo wathanzi, kusuntha kwambiri kwambiri kukhala panja, kutenga mavitamini kulimbikitsa chitetezo cha m'thupi, kwathunthu ndi molondola kudya. Pakuti kupewa toxoplasmosis zina ayenera kuwunika zoletsedwa ndi malamulo a ukhondo, musayandikire amphaka. Komanso pa mimba ayenera apereke magazi nthawi zonse matenda muuni kuti akakole imene mlanduwu "kukakumana" iwo ndi kuchitapo kanthu. mumve zambiri kufotokoza zotsatira za aliyense kudwala zenizeni mu thupi.

toxoplasmosis

Izi matenda muuni zovuta ali osowa kwambiri pa mimba. Ngakhale ambiri matenda sizachilendo, amanenera, sukhala 30 peresenti ya anthu onse padziko lapansi. Nthumwi causative amachita Toxoplasma - ndi tiziromboti, ndilo khamu chachikulu mphaka zoweta - mu thupi lake ndi kuchulukana tiziromboti kenako anamasulidwa mu malo akunja. Matenda kudzera nyama (yaiwisi kapena undercooked), manja akuda. Ngati munthu ali ndi chitetezo chokwanira bwino, zilibe umboni kuopsa toxoplasmosis, n'zotheka kuti achire, ngakhale mosazindikira. Izi otchedwa matenda disposable amene amapangidwa chitetezo chokwanira amphamvu pambuyo matenda oyamba.

The vuto kokha pamene toxoplasmosis ndi owopsa - izo chachikulu matenda pa mimba. Komabe, n'kutheka kuti, monga tanenera kale, ndi ang'ono. Malinga ndi kafukufuku, izi muuni matenda zovuta pa mimba pano akupezeka 1 peresenti yokha ya akazi. Ngati matenda zinachitika miyezi yoposa isanu pamaso mimba, ndi mwana wosabadwayo si pangozi. Ndipo ngati nthenda chinachitika, mlingo wa ngozi zimatengera pa siteji chimene chingasonyeze mimba thupi atagonjetsa Toxoplasma: mwamsanga, wamkulu chiopsezo zovuta kwambiri za matenda a mwana wosabadwayo, koma m'munsi n'kutheka kuti matenda izi zimachitika pa onse.

Matenda oyamba masabata khumi imatengedwa zoopsa kwambiri. Zikatero, toxoplasmosis zambiri kumatanthauza chitukuko cha lalikulu kuvulala diso, ndulu, chiwindi, mantha dongosolo mwana, nthawi zina imfa ya mwana wosabadwayo. Choncho, madokotala zambiri amalangiza kuchotsa yokumba mimba. Izi kamodzinso akutsimikiza kufunika ngakhale pamaso lingaliro ayesedwe kwa muuni kachilomboka. Zotsatira kudzasonyeza ngati n'zotheka kukhala pakati tsopano kapena ayembekeze kwa miyezi sikisi.

chikuku

matenda tizilombo nthawi kudzera malovu, ndi kuwonetsera pakutchulidwa wa zidzolo pa thupi ndi kuwonjezeka kutentha. Monga ulamuliro, ndi kudwala ndi wofatsa ndi wowona, ndiye thupi limapanga chitetezo cha m'thupi, ndi matenda sekondale kale sangakhale mantha. Chinthu china, pamene matenda limapezeka pa mimba. matenda onse muuni ana zingachititse kuti chitukuko cha matenda, koma chikuku monga wakupha. Pa siteji koyamba zingamvekere maso, mtima, mantha minofu ya mwana wosabadwayo. Infection mu trimester - ndi umboni mtheradi kwa kuchotsa mimbayo, ngati nfitsirovanie chinachitika, kuopseza kuti moyo wa mwana, monga ulamuliro, ayi, koma ali zosiyanasiyana matenda angaoneke, kuphatikizapo kakulidwe kuchedwa kukula. Ndiye ndikofunikira kugwira mankhwala zobwezeretsa, kupewa insufficiency placental.

Pamene nthawi zina, kuphunzira kwa chitetezo ku chikuku ayenera idzachitika pasadakhale, ngakhale mu ndondomeko ya akukonzekera kukhala ndi pakati. Kukhalapo kapena kusapezeka kwa ngozi Tingaone mayesero chinawathandiza kumvetsa n'chakuti chidzachitidwa. Muuni matenda, kuphatikizapo chikuku, matenda sikovuta - onse amasonyeza mlingo wa immunoglobulins m'magazi. Payenera kukhala kuchita kafukufuku, ngati mkazi ali kukhudzana ndi munthu amene akudwala chikuku. Ngati iwo anasonyeza zizindikiro za matenda pachimake, Akufunika kuchitapo kanthu.

Kupewa matenda tizilombo Sintchito kuteteza, kotero chinthu chabwino mungachite kuti mudziteteze - kupulumutsa katemera. Ayenera katemera pamaso mimba. Katemerayu n'kofunika kuti akazi amenewo mu magazi amene alibe chitetezo kwa chikuku. katemera Current bwino moti apereka pafupi kwathunthu chitsimikizo chitetezo ndi pafupifupi sachititsa mavuto, kupatula kuwonjezeka pang'ono kutentha ndi redness pa malo jekeseni. Yopangidwa pambuyo katemera chitetezo chokwanira kumatenga pa zaka makumi awiri.

cytomegalovirus

Izi matenda muuni mu amayi apakati limapezeka pa dongosolo zambiri kuposa ena, koma ambiri matenda anatulukira kokha mu zaka mazana makumi awiri. CMV kamafalikira kudzera magazi, kufala kugonana, mkaka wam'mawere. Mlingo wa chikoka pa thupi la munthu zimadalira boma la chitetezo chokwanira, ngati iye ali wathanzi, kuopsa kwa matenda ndi pafupifupi, ngati wofooka, HIV akhoza kupatsira pafupifupi onse ziwalo ndi kachitidwe. Koma anthu ambiri kunyamula matenda mosavuta. Yopangidwa chitetezo angakhale kwa moyo, kotero kukonzanso matenda konse adamulowetsa.

Koma ngati nthenda yaikulu zidzachitika mimba, zotsatira zake zikhoza kukhala zoopsa. Zinthu kuwonjezera pa chiopsezo intrauterine kufala kwa CMV kwa mwana wosabadwayo. Mwa njira, matenda yoopsa angayambe osati kuchokera kwa amake, koma atate wake ndiye akadali m'kati mimba, chifukwa mu umuna wa amuna anapezanso dalaivala. Koma izi zimachitika kawirikawiri, nthawi zambiri matenda amapezeka kapena kudzera nembanemba kapena kudzera latuluka lapansi. Ngakhale pobereka, pa ndime kudzera m'njira kubadwa, matenda ndi zotheka, ngakhale njirayi ndi zochepa owopsa kwa mwanayo. Koma matenda intrauterine mavuto aakulu: wa mwana wosabadwayo mungafe, kapena mwana wabadwa ndi chilema kobadwa nako, zomwe mwina yomweyo zoonekeratu makhalidwe oipa monga madzi pa ubongo, matenda a chikasu ndiyo, anaonjezera ndulu kapena chiwindi, underdevelopment ubongo, matenda a mtima, chibayo, malformations kobadwa nako ndi zina zotero, kapena umatipanga yokha zodziwika kokha kwa chaka chachiwiri-wachisanu wa moyo. The mwana akudwala matenda a khunyu, ugonthi, kufooka kwa thupi, anachedwa maganizo ndi ozindikira chitukuko, khunyu la ubongo, kulankhula chopinga. Choncho, chizindikiritso cha nthenda yaikulu muuni pa mimba kumasonyeza kuti kusokoneza ake.

Pa nkhani ya mkazi amene anagwidwa pamaso mimba ndi pa kubala ana a chinachitika exacerbation la matenda, zotsatira zoopsa monga tafotokozazi Kodi osadzuka. Ngati m'kupita kwa kuwunika amaonekera kuti palibe chitetezo kwa cytomegalovirus, ndiye, mkazi alibe anakumanapo ndi matenda, pa mimba Ndi bwino kuti chichitike pa mwezi kafukufuku latsopano kuti musaphonye mfundo za matenda, ngati, adzakhala.

Ngati kuphunzira magazi anapeza kuti mayi woyembekezera amachita chotengera chabe matenda, izo ayenera kuyesetsa zina kukhalabe chitetezo cha m'thupi mu chikhalidwe wathanzi. Monga tanenera kale, cytomegalovirus, "ndipereka" mwana osati amayi, komanso bambo, kotero kuti munthu ayenera kuyezedwa pamaso pa chitetezo.

nsungu

Tikumbukenso kuti nsungu - palibe matenda, ndi gulu la matenda tizilombo. HIV yoyamba zikusonyezedwa mawonekedwe a otchedwa ozizira pa milomo, ndipo chachiwiri - nthawi zambiri zimakhudza kumaliseche (wochedwanso urogenital nsungu). The matenda imafalikira kudzera mumpweya ndi kugonana mopitirira mukhoza kudutsa latuluka kuchokera kwa mayi kuti mwana wosabadwayo. Ngati inu kuthamanga boma, nsungu angasonyeze zotupa osati wa nembanemba wa mucous ndi khungu, komanso kuphwanya ziwalo za m'kati, maso ndi mantha dongosolo.

Pamene matenda HIV, monga mmene zimakhalira ndi matenda ena muuni zovuta, thupi ndi chitukuko cha chitetezo Pamlingo waukulu kubisa kupitilira zina za ndondomeko pathological. Nthawi zambiri nsungu amachititsa zizindikiro kokha pamene chitetezo cha m'thupi lafooka. Pa matenda pa mimba ndi chitetezo ndi HIV chindipitirire mayi kwa mwana wosabadwayo, kotero nthawi zambiri palibe choopsa mwanayo. kuopseza kuukitsidwa kukachitika kuti pa siteji yoyamba ya mimba (pamene mwana wosabadwa amakwiriridwa machitidwe onse ndi ziwalo) pali matenda chachikulu ndi mayi. Imeneyi, chiopsezo kuti mwana wosabadwayo adzafa kapena mwanayo adzabadwa ndi kuvutika kobadwa nako kapena deformities, katatu.

Pamene mu theka lachiwiri la mimba zimachitika matenda a nsungu urogenital, kwambiri kumawonjezera woti mwana adzabadwa ndi malformations kobadwa nako monga retinal kudwala, microcephaly, chibayo kobadwa nako tizilombo, matenda a mtima, oziziritsa ziwalo, khungu, khunyu, ugonthi. Mukhozanso kuona ntchito msanga. Ngati mwana wosabadwayo mu utero si pansi kuipitsidwa, izo angayambe yomweyo anabadwa pa nthawi ya kudutsa ngalande kubadwa. Izi zingatheke ngati m'kati atanyamula mwana mkazi kunakula nsungu maliseche ndi totupa anali m'dera maliseche mkati ndi khomo pachibelekeropo. Monga ulamuliro, ngati mwezi asanabadwe ananena wapezeka Zikatere, mkazi kuchita mbali cesarean kuti tichepetse kutenga mwana wanu kukhala ndi kachilombo.

Poti apa ndi chimodzimodzi milandu yapita: kufunika kuyezedwa pamaso mimba, kuwunika azitenga onse awiri. Kudziwa matenda a dokotala mankhwala mankhwala, kenako kudzakhala kotheka kuti mimba. Pankhaniyi, inu anapidziwadi kuti kachilombo sichikunditsutsa inu kapena mwana.

pomaliza

Choncho, matenda muuni ali pachiopsezo chachikulu, ngati nthenda zidzachitika mimba. Kupewa zochitika chowawa akhoza kukhala lophweka: Muyenera kudziwa pasadakhale momwe matenda muli chitetezo, ndi ena - palibe. Kuchokera pa zotsatira, adokotala inu ngati n'zotheka kukhala pakati tsopano kapena ayembekeze. Yambani kusamalira thanzi la mwana wawo tsogolo ngakhale izo zisanachitike kubadwa kwake! zabwino zonse!