Mzinda Transnistria: Tiraspol, Bendery, Rybnitsa. Dnestr Republic Chimoludaviyani

Masiku ano, pali ochepa yosadziwika kapena pang'ono anazindikira limati. Mwa iwo, ndi Transnistria. dziko kakang'ono aka ndi udindo ndi chosadziwika, ankakhala mu gawo kum'mwera kum'mawa kwa Ulaya. Nkhaniyi itithandiza ungadziwe mizinda a Transnistria, komanso nkhani za iwo zambiri zosangalatsa.

Transnistria: yochepa mbiri ya boma yosadziwika

Transnistria (mwalamulo Pridnestrovie, mu mawonekedwe chidule - TMR) - yopapatiza Mzere wa dziko pakati pa Dniester ndi Ukraine. De jure kumadela amenewa a Republic of Moldova. De facto pali lodzilamulira, koma sakudziwika ndi mabwalo mabungwe, amene ananena ufulu wodzilamulira mu 1990. Today vuto dera Transnistrian zimagawidwa mu dera ndale European monga "nkhondo mazira".

M'dera la Transnistria chi ting'onoting'ono ngakhale poyerekeza ndi kakang'ono Moldova (zoposa 4000 sq. Km). Mwa mabwalo ali kunyumba kwa anthu pafupifupi 500,000 (mwa nambala iyi, 70% m'mizinda). Kapangidwe mitundu ya anthu chimakhala chogwidwa ndi anthu atatu: Moldovans, Ukrainians ndi Russian.

Zotsatira za chuma Union, TMR walandira ambiri mwa makampani akuluakulu mafakitale. Pakati pawo - ndi Chimoludaviyani GRES, zitsulo ndi nsalu mafakitale, mowa wamphesa fakitale. Major mizinda ya Transnistria athe kutenga kusinthanitsa ndi European Union. Komabe, mankhwala onse opanga dziko, ikusonyezedwa Anapanga mu Moldova chizindikiro.

Pamapeto pa nkhani yathu zazifupi za Pridnestrovie mfundo zosangalatsa za mapangidwe izi Kupititsa:

• PMR - dziko lokha mu dziko, mbendera ndi chovala manja zosonyeza waukulu Soviet makhalidwe (nyundo, chikwanje ndi nyenyezi zisanu zisonga);
• Transnistria ali akazembe a mayiko awiri ena sapatsidwa - Abkhazia ndi South Ossetia;
• mzinda Transdniestria amasiyana neatness, Udongo ndi ukhondo, omwe kaŵirikaŵiri poyerekeza ndi Belarus;
• mu mzinda Transnistrian wa Bender anafa Ivan Mazepa, apa mu 1710, wina Chiyukireniya Hetman Filipp Orlik kuperekedwa kwa anthu oyamba European malamulo;
• awiri waukulu mizinda ya dziko (Bender ndi Tiraspol) zikugwirizana mmodzi mwa anthu ochepa mu Europe kutalika intercity trolleybus nthambi ya makilomita 13;
• Transnistria ali ndi maudindo a chipani "United Russia";
• Transnistrian ruble mu 2012-2015 anamuzindikira monga ndalama kwambiri wangwiro wa Soviet Union.

Nkhani ya nkhondo imodzi

Kutha kwa Soviet Union anapita kayendedwe Odzipatula ndi mwakhama inayambitsa angapo mikangano mu madera osiyana a ufumuwo. Mmodzi wa mawanga izi otentha anali lamanzere gombe la Dniester.

Mu 1990s oyambirira kwambiri kulimbikitsa mkangano kumene anapanga ndi akuluakulu Moldova ndi nomenklatura Transnistrian. Transnistrians sanafune kukhala gawo la Moldova, moopa rapprochement ndi Romania.

Nkhondo adalowa gawo ya nkhondoyo lotseguka nkhondo m'chaka cha 1992. Mu March, Moldova anaganiza kuti abwezeretse mphamvu ya ulamuliro wake wopanduka lamanzere gombe la Dniester. Komabe, kumbali ya Pridnestrovians anali mbali ya 14 Russian Army, komanso asilikali a nkhondo okhala ndi zida za Ukraine. Choncho, kukhazikitsa ulamuliro pa Transdnestr Moldavians izo zinalephereka, ndipo mtsinje Dniester mwamsanga anakhala mzere kutsogolo.

Kukwaniritsidwa kwa nkhondo imeneyi inali kumenyana ndi mzinda wa Bendery. Mu July 1992, magulu okhala ndi zida Pridnestrovians amapereka mwa akasinja Russian anawoloka Dniester ndi mizu Bender. M'misewu ya mzindawo anayamba kuphedwa lenileni, amene anapha anthu 600 moyo. Pambuyo nkhondo, magulu anayamba kufunafuna njira ya kuthetsa mtendere wa nkhondo, ndipo potsiriza zinasaina pangano mtendere Moscow.

Ambiri, mu mkangano Transnistrian unapha pafupifupi 1,200 anthu.

mzinda Transnistria

PMR gawo utsogoleri lagawidwa m'zigawo 5. Mu boma yosadziwika, pali mizinda 8 (kutchulidwa kuchokera kumpoto mpaka kummwera):

• Kamenka;
• Rybnitsa;
• Dubossary;
• Grigoriopol;
• likulu Tiraspol;
• Bender;
• Slobozia;
• Dnestrovsk malire m'tawuni.

Transnistria ndi angapo a m'madera adatsutsana ndi udindo wapawiri. Kwa anthu zina midzi (Cosnita, Parata, Dorotcaia neri Al.), Ma Varnitsa Bender ndi kuthetsa Korzhevo mu Dubossary.

Pafupifupi likulu - mzinda wa Tiraspol

Transnistria, komanso dziko lina lililonse, ali likulu yake. Ichi ndi mzinda wa Tiraspol. Ngakhale kuti munthu ndi danga pambuyo Soviet zovuta kuyerekeza likulu ndi anthu a anthu 130 sauzande. Komabe, "Capital" ndi kuchisonyeza. Chete misewu zigawo za Tiraspol amasiyana ena yodalirika, ndi kumva "wa Mphamvu" mu nyumba yaikulu pagulu, ngakhale yosadziwika.

Mu Tiraspol ndi boma ndi nyumba ya malamulo ya PMR. Komanso, mzindawu ndi yofunika mbiri yakale ndiponso zachikhalidwe pakati osati Transnistria ndi mu Moldova.

Dzina Greek anamasuliridwa Tiraspol Ndi yosavuta ndi bwino - ". Mzindawo pa Dniester" Iye kwenikweni lili kumanzere banki yaikulu kwambiri kum'mawa mtsinje European, makilomita asanu basi, kuchokera kumalire ndi Ukraine. mzinda anakhazikitsidwa mu 1792. Inali pa nthawi imeneyi n'cholinga pano Suvorov anayamba kumanga mpanda wolimba kwambiri. Mu 1806 Tiraspol anakhala pakati chigawo mbali ya chigawo cha Kherson, ndi pakati pa nkhondo ziwiri zapadziko lonse anali ndi nthawi fikani wa ku ASSR Chimoludaviyani.

Modern Tiraspol zosangalatsa kwambiri. likulu lake amasangalala ukhondo, neatness, msewu lonse, mabedi bwino maluwa ndi ambiri osowa (Soviet) zakale.

zokopa alendo ku likulu la TMR pang'ono. Kwa iwo monga chinyumba akale (mochedwa XVIII atumwi), Cathedral wa Kubadwa kwa Yesu Khristu (2000), kaso ndi kumusangalatsa Council House, anamanga mu 50s lapansi. Komanso alendo kukachezera mu Tiraspol, masiku masewera ovuta "Shefifi", omwe ali m'madera ambiri a mahekitala 65.

Bender - mzinda alendo mu Transnistria

Mizinda ochepa akhoza kudzitama za Transnistria zonse maulendo a alendo ochokera pafupi ndi kutali kudziko lina. Bender - mmodzi wa iwo. Ngati apaulendo ndi kusankha kupita PMR, mu mzinda uno anaitana kutero.

City Bender - wachiwiri kukula ndi anthu Republic. Ndipo woyamba chiwerengero cha zipilala m'mbiri komanso kamangidwe kake. Pakati pa mzinda wina akhoza kuona ambiri nyumba zokongola XIX-XX zaka. Koma chachikulu kukopa alendo mu Bender ndi wakale ndi bwino anasunga Turkey linga. Mwa njira, gawo la citadel nkumagwiritsabe unit chomveka asilikali.

Pamodzi ndi chikhalidwe zipilala mapulani mu Bendery kwambiri za "zipilala" ndi 1992 nkhondo. Mwachitsanzo, wapabanja shrapnel mpanda wa City Hall anaganiza kubwezeretsa. Kuda nkhondo Tingaone lero pamakoma ake.

Ribnita - mafakitale likulu la Transnistria

Mu kumpoto, sapatsidwa dziko, atazungulira mzinda kwabasi mapiri Podolsk zomwe zili kufalitsa Ribnita. Transnistria mafakitale zovuta zake zamphamvu kukuchitika chifukwa ndendende kumzinda uno. Ribnita amapereka theka la ndalama mu bajeti ya TMR, komanso pafupifupi 60% ya katundu Belarus. Pali 400 makampani osiyanasiyana.

Kumbali ya zokopa alendo mzinda si noticeable. Ya zokopa m'deralo - ndi zikuluzikulu Chigonjetso Chikumbutso Cathedral Arhangela Mihaila (waukulu mu TMR), komanso kwambiri (pa mtengo mbiri) kumanda. Chochitika china Ribnita akhoza kutchulidwa anasiya cableway (mafakitale), mogwira zikuuluka pa Dniester.

Kamenka - achisangalalo ngale Transnistria

Ngati mutu wa Makka alendo wa Republic moyenerera limabweretsa Bender, ndi "zosangalatsa likulu" a boma yosadziwika akhoza bwinobwino kutchedwa mzinda wa Kamenka. Transnistria kwenikweni kudzitama ndi achisangalalo wabwino, chimene chakhala kuyambira 1870s lapansi. City Kamenka lili kumpoto muyeso wa PMR, pa confluence wa Dniester mtsinje wa dzina chomwecho. Apa anapanga wapadera nyengo: pamiyala, pafupifupi lokwera otetezeka doko la mumzinda ku mphepo yozizira, kupereka Transnistrian achisangalalo m'chilimwe yaitali ndi nyengo mwachilungamo wofatsa.

Mu Kamenka kunyumba kwa anthu 9,000 okha. Maziko a zachuma m'deralo - ndi akumidzi ndi achisangalalo maofesi. Mzindawu uli wotchuka kwambiri mu dziko chipatala chaching'ono "Dniester", anaikira ayambe munthawi yomweyo anthu 450. Ndipo Kamenka wotchuka pakuti mphesa zake onunkhira komanso zokoma, choncho ndi vinyo kwambiri.

Dnestrovsk - mphamvu mtima wa Republic

mzinda Dnestrovsk ili kum'mwera muyeso wa PMR, umakhala pafupi ndi malire Chiyukireniya. Ndi apa kuti waukulu magetsi m'dziko. Magesi kwaiye pano, ngakhale ali zimagulitsidwa (kuti Moldova ndi Ukraine).

Mwangozi, GRES Chimoludaviyani mu 1964 linamangidwa kumanzere gombe la mtsinje. Ngati uyu anali chinachitika, ufulu chuma cha breakaway Republic adzakhala tsopano funso lalikulu. Lero, mzinda ndi kunyumba kwa anthu pafupifupi 10 chikwi. Mbali yaikulu ya anthu Dniester ntchito pa m'deralo magetsi.