Ndakatulo "Black munthu" Yesenin. Analysis wa m'badwo wa moyo

Mu January nkhani ya magazini "New World" mu 1926, panali zidzasintha Publication: "S. Yesenin. "Black munthu". Lemba la ndakatuloyi opangidwa chidwi pacimake pa maziko a nkhani yomvetsa chisoni imfa posachedwapa wolemba ndakatulo wamng'ono (monga mukudziwa, December 28, 1925 Esenina anapeza "Angleterre" akufa mu Leningrad hotelo). m'nthawi yake ankaona ntchito mtundu wa penitential kuvomereza "zankhanza ndakatulo." Ndithudi, ndi chifundo ndipo chowawa kudziletsa mwano, monga ntchito imeneyi, sindinadziwe Lira Russian. Ife panopa okhutira mwachidule.

"Black munthu": Yesenin ndekha

Ndakatulo akutsegula mankhwala kubwereza mu ndakatuloyi ndakatulo kufa kuti: "Mzanga, mnzanga - ayamba kuvomereza m'nyimbo ngwazi - Ndine wodwala kwambili ...". Timazindikira kuti tikulankhula za kuvutika maganizo. Limaonetseratu fanizo: mutu akumuyerekezera ndi mbalame amafuna kuuluka, "miyendo yake m'khosi mwake / sindikanakhoza kupirira nsalu zazikulu." Kodi chimachitika n'chiyani? Pa nthawi amalanga tulo kuti ngwazi abwera ndi pansi pa bedi lachinsinsi munthu wakuda. Yesenin (kusanthula magwero a chilengedwe cha ndakatuloyi kutsimikizira izo) akuchonderera pamlingo winawake kuti ntchito ya Pushkin a "Mozart ndi Salieri". Great Wolemba anaona ena oopsa munthu wakuda madzulo a chiwonongeko. Komabe, chithunzi ichi Esenina anamasulira mosiyana. Black munthu - ichi kusintha cholinga a ndakatulo iyi, ena a "Ine". Chimene chingapweteke m'nyimbo zoipa munthu wakuda?

Yesenin: kusanthula dziko lamkati la ndakatulo iyi madzulo a kudzipha

Mu Vesi wachitatu wa ndakatuloyi pali fano la buku, imene moyo wa anthu onse zikufotokozedwa mwatsatanetsatane. Mu Baibulo, mu Bukhu la Chivumbulutso limanena kuti kuwerenga Bukhu la Moyo, Mulungu amaweruza munthu aliyense kolingana ndi ntchito zache. M'makalata Yesenin manja munthu wakuda zimasonyeza kuti mdierekezi kutsanzira tsogolo la anthu. Mu zolemba zake, ngakhale kuti zinachitika nkhani ya munthu, koma mwachidule. Black munthu (Yesenin akutsindika kwambiri pamfundo imeneyi) anasankha onse unsightly ndi zoipa. Akukamba za "scoundrel ndi wosakaza chumawo" adventurers "kalasi apamwamba", ndi "ndakatulo kudzikondweretsa" ndi "uhvatistoy Molanda." Iye ananena kuti chimwemwe - chabe "tsenga la maganizo ndi dzanja", ngakhale kubweretsa "m'chipsinjo zambiri ... wosweka / onyenga ndi manja." Ndi ponena chiphunzitso fangled, anayamba mu mabwalo aipa m'zaka za m'ma 20, ntchito yapadera chinenero chamanja, womwe wakhala wochirikiza wa Yesenin ofunika, ndi "mfumukazi" amene anali wovina kwambiri Aysedora Dunkan. Ukwati sunakhalitse naye ndiponso sanapereke madalitso a ndakatulo iyi. "Ndinkaona ankamwetulira ndiponso yosavuta" pa nthawi imene mtima zikufalikira zowawa, kuti iye sanali kokha pa chifuniro cha mafashoni ndiye lalikulu. Mwa njira iyi ndi ndakatulo chobisa kwa iyemwini mdima kubwera kwa kusakhulupirirka kugwirizana osati ndi zotsutsana mkati mwa munthu, komanso ndi zoopsa zonse za Bolshevism mu Russia.

Mukabatizidwa pansi pa moyo?

Mu Vesi chinayi la ndakatulo, tiona mmene ngwazi m'nyimbo akukana kulankhula wakubayo, iye akufuna ubwenzi wotuluka nkhani zoopsa zomwe ndi munthu wakuda. Yesenin kusanthula tsiku ndi tsiku waukali ndiponso angagwere "ndi" makhalidwe abwino "wopanda khalidwe ndi wakuba" akadali salandira kuphunzira moyo wake, chimatsutsana izi. Komabe, ngakhale iye amazindikira kuti pachabe. Wolemba ndakatulo limatonza wakuda alendo kuti iye sayesera kuti amamvera nyimbo m'malo mochita mu kuya ndi kutenga chinachake pansi, chifukwa ndi "zosakhudzana ndi kutumikira ... Vodolazova". mzere uwu polemically walangizidwa mankhwala a ku French ndakatulo Alfred de A Musset, amene "December Mausiku" amagwiritsa ntchito fanizo la diver ndi, akuyendayenda padziko "phompho la anaiwalika." Kalembedwe dongosolo lomwelo ( "Vodolazova Service") akuchonderera amasangalatsa morphological Mayakovsky kuti ndi futuristically molimba mtima anathyola mitundu maziko a chinenero.

Chimodzi pa zenera

Chithunzi cha usiku mphambano mu Vesi akhumi akutikumbutsa za ikuimira Mkhristu wa mtanda, kumene zikugwirizana m'madera onse a malo ndi nthawi, ndipo muli lingaliro achikunja a mphambano ngati conspiracies malo angwiro ndi mfiti. Onse amene atchulidwa kuyambira ali odzipereka n'zaka wamba mnyamata Sergei Yesenin. Vesi "munthu wakuda" pogwirizanitsa otsutsana miyambo awiri, kuchitanso mantha ndi ululu m'nyimbo kutenga lonse akamabadwa kum'chitira. Iye ndi "umodzi pa windo ..." Mau "zenera" ndi etymologically chikugwirizana ndi Chirasha mawu akuti "diso". Diso la kanyumba yomwe kuwala amatsanulira mu izo. Usiku zenera zikuwoneka ngati galasi limene aliyense amaona chinyezimiro chake. Choncho ndakatulo pali lingaliro kuti amene ali munthu wakuda. Tsopano mnyozo usiku alendo afika apamtima kutchula: ndi za mlakatuli, anabadwa "mungathe, mu Ryazan '(Yesenin anabadwa kumeneko), ndi tsitsi wamba mnyamata" maso a buluu "...

awiri Kupha

Atalephera ukali ndi mkwiyo, ndi ngwazi m'nyimbo Akufuna kuononga mnzake otembereredwa, iye chitaya ndodo yake. Izi manja - kuponya mu mzere ndinalota chinachake - osati opezeka mabuku a olemba Russian ndi achilendo. Atapita ameneyo wakuda kusiyiratu. Yesenin (Kupenda chongoyerekezera awiri kupha mabuku dziko akutsimikizira icho) monga ngati kuyesera kudziteteza ku kufunafuna wina awo "Ine". Koma pali nthawi yomaliza kugwirizana ndi kudzipha.

Ndakatulo, akuima yekha pamaso pa galasi wosweka, amapezeka mu Vesi lotsiriza la ntchito. Ikuimira galasi ngati kalozera ndi maiko ena kuti atsogolere anthu ku zenizeni mu dziko chinyengo ziwanda, timapitiriza mdima ndi watanthauzo komaliza ndakatulo.

Requiem chiyembekezo

N'zovuta, kovuta, kotero kukwapula okha pamaso pa omvetsera yaikulu, monga izo zimapangitsa Yesenin. kudzipereka chake choposa ndi amene atsegula dziko ululu wake, kupanga kuvomereza akuganizira kusintha mtima m'nthawi onse Esenina. Osati mwangozi wolemba amene ankadziwa ndakatulo Benjamin Levin anati kwa munthu Black monga woweruza milandu kufufuza "milandu la m'badwo wathu," Pete zambiri "maganizo okongola ndi mapulani." Levin anati Mwanjira imeneyi, katundu zaufulu Esenina chinachake mofananira kuti nsembe ya Khristu, "udzachitika zofooka" ndipo anapitiriza anthu onse "matenda."