Smirnova Aleksandra wantchitoyo ulemu: yonena, magwero

Chiyambi cha kukongola moyo, kugonjetsa anthu onse wotchuka osati maonekedwe, komanso lakuthwa ngati tsamba la maganizo, palibe zizindikiro za imfa zowawa za kumathima chikugwirabe mu maganizo senile. Smirnova Aleksandra ankavutika kupsa lumens wozingwa unyamata wake, m'malo, panthawi imene anali ndi okopa ndi zokongolazi.

ubwana

Aleksandra Smirnova, Osipovna patronymic, anabadwa mu Odessa mu 1809, mwana wa Osip Ivanovich Rosset, Mfalansa kuchokera m'banja lapamwamba chiyambi. Mu mitsempha mayi German ndipo Chijojiya magazi osokonezeka. Alexander anali mwana wamkulu, kenako anayamba kuyatsa abale anayi. Banja kotani pa malipiro bambo, ndi commandant cha doko la Odessa. Koma pamene mwana wamkazi wa zaka zisanu, anafa pa mliri mliri. Mayi anakwatira kachiwiri, anapatsa oterewa agogo. Childhood Alexandra Rosset anapita pa bwalo mu Ukraine. Iwo anali zaka kuwalako papezeka moyo wake wamkulu kukumbukira zodabwitsa ndi njira ina N. V. Gogolem chikondi chawo ambiri Ukraine. Inde, ndipo iye yekha anamva kenako Chiyukireniya. Pamene ana anali kukula, anyamata anatumizidwa kuti anaphunzitsidwa Corps a Masamba ndi Sasha - Institute Catherine ku St. Petersburg.

Chimwana ulemu

Mu 1826, mtsutso malowolo Smirnova Aleksandra (ndiye Rosset) kumapeto kwa anayambitsa wakhala Ufumuyo mdzakazi wa ulemu pa bwalo la woyamba mfumukazi-mayi, kenako, mu 1828 - Alexandra Feodorovna, August mkazi wa Mfumu Nicholas I.

The Palace malo ndi wosiyana kotheratu ndi moyo wa adzakazi a ulemu. Anakhala chapamwamba wa Zima Palace, zimene zinachititsa kuti masitepe 80. Aliyense wa iwo ndi chipinda kugawidwa ndi imvi kugawa matabwa pawiri. Chipinda anatumikira ndi kuchipinda, ndi pabalaza. Adzakazi ankakhala m'chipinda aang'ono, koma pafupi. Pa tsiku la ntchito mdzakaziyo ulemu anavala monga udindo wake ndiponso kudikira ake kuitana chifuniro mayamwidwe. Amafuna kuti kukhala okonzeka nthawi zonse. Mu, chinali ndi udindo waukulu atumiki, omwe si nthawi zonse malipilo zonse analipira. M'masiku ufulu wa ntchito, aliyense mdzakazi anayesa kuzemba Zima kupeza nokha mu ubwenzi komanso banja mlengalenga.

Apa ndipo ndinkakhala ku nyumba yachifumu Smirnova Aleksandra, mdzakazi wa ulemu wa achinyamata Mfumukazi. Koma malingaliro ake anali akuti korona wolamulira wa Russia, amene iye sanazengereze kulankhula.

mtsikana chachilendo

kukongola, molimba mtima, luso juggle maganizo ndi chisomo kosavuta wamatsenga ndi kwachititsa kwambiri mafani Smirnova Aleksandra. Photo mwa iye, kumene osati, ndi zojambula, zomwe zimasonyeza zithunzi za akazi amene amasonyeza ana ake, kumenya kukongola malo.

freylinskaya ake odzichepetsa chipinda pansi wachinai anali okonzera mabuku. Iye wakhalanso analandiridwa bwino ku okonzera wotchuka E. A. Karamzinoy ndi abwenzi ndi stepdaughter ake, Sophia Nikolaevna. Mozungulira icho swirled onse otchuka 20-30s: A. S. Pushkin, V. F. Odoevsky, PA Vyazemsky, VA Zhukovsky, M. Yu Lermontov.. "Chernook Rossetti" analemba Album A. S. Pushkin, amene anali wochezeka ndipo akhoza yosanthula ntchito yake yatsopano. "Maso a South" kumpoto cha Virigo, wachifundo ndi mokhudza, anachita chidwi ndi PA Vyazemsky. Pakuti mtima kufika, iye ikutchedwa ndi Donna Sol, ndi Donna Pepper.

"Little satana kumwamba" anamuitana iye Vasiliy Andreevich Zhukovsky. Mawu a Vasiliya Tumanskogo (nthumwi, Mlembi wa State) "Ndinkakonda maso a buluu, ndipo tsopano ine ndimakukondani wakuda ..." wachangu Rosset, nyimbo olembedwa, anachita masiku ano. Pushkin anali kale pa banja Natalie Goncharova, nthawi zambiri banja-ndinkakhala nalo ndi Alexandrine, amene anali wa zaka zitatu zokha wamkulu kuposa Natalya Nikolaevna. Adatsikira ku kulankhula kwa amayi ndi amakhoza kuwerenga iwo ndakatulo latsopano. Ndi Mfumu Smirnova Aleksandra iye anali pafupi. Motero, kupyolera mwa mfumu yake anapereka Pushkin envelopu ndi zolemba lake pa zolembedwa za "Eugene Onegin".

ukwati

A. S. Pushkin anasangalala kwambiri atamva za chibwenzi ndi Nikolaem Mihaylovichem Smirnovym amene anakumana 1828. Iye anapanga kuganiza kwambiri pa ndakatulo - anthu ophunzira Russian, ndipo nthawi yomweyo mlendo amene wakhala mu chishalo, ngakhale English.

Anali mwamuna chete, penapake nsanje Komabe, koma ndi anthu olemera chomwecho ndi ntchito imene imapita chokwera phiri. Ukwatiwo unachitika mu Zima Palace. Iwo anali nawo mamembala a m'banja lachifumu. Alexander Osipovna m'banja ndalama. Mayi ake anapatsa chuma chake chonse kwa ana ku ukwati wake wachiwiri. Alexander Osipovna kupita kuthandiza kumanzere awo popanda zikutanthauza ena kuposa zasungidwa abale boma.

Chifukwa kusiyana kwa anthu ndiponso mawerengedwe Smirnova Aleksandra ukwati wawo sanathe kukhala osangalala. khalidwe lake linali yovuta, sachedwa kuvutika maganizo. mwamuna wake, nayenso akanakhala sichidziwa kudzitamanda kuti amamvetsa mkazi yovutayi. Komanso, Herzen ndi Ogarev mobwerezabwereza kudzudzulidwa zizolowezi zake malamulo, komanso chakuti iye ankalimbikitsa akuluakulu voruyuschim. Koma, mulimonse, makwerero pang'ono ndi pang'ono kunasuntha. Young anakakhala St. Petersburg. Chimake cha ntchito Nikolaya Pavlovicha Smirnova anali pa udindo wa mkulu wa St. Petersburg, komanso chakuti iye anakhala aphungu a Russian Ufumu. Koma pamene anali achinyamata, nyumba zawo kukacheza A. S. Pushkin ndi woyamba kuwerenga mbiri ya kupanduka Pugachev. Iwo akhala mu kanyumba wosewera Mikhail Shchepkin, mnyamata koma odziwika wotsutsa Vissarion Belinsky, wolemba ndakatulo ndi wolemba Alexei Tolstoy.

Kenako kunyumba ya adzapita M. Yu. Lermontov, yemwe analemba Album Sitidzaiwala mzere, umene maganizo kuti ndakatulo sindingathe kuchifotokoza pamaso pa Alexandra. fano lake sanaiwale ndakatulo, ndipo anaitana iye nkhaniyo anayamba "Lugin". Smirnova Aleksandra kuchita pansi pa dzina la Minsk, amene ayesedwa ndi kukongola kwake, ndi kaonedwe choyambirira pa zinthu.

Smirnova Aleksandra: ana

The mwana woyamba anabadwa akufa kumapeto kwa 1832. Patapita zaka ziwiri, ali obadwa ana amapasa - Alexandra (1834-1837) ndi Olga (1834-1893). Panali mphekesera zoti ana a Mfumu Nicholas. Koma pano pali A. S. Pushkin iwo powasamalira. Kenako adzabadwa mwana Sophia (1836-1884), Hope (1840-1899) ndi mmodzi wotsiriza - mwana wa Mikayeli (1847-1892).

Relations ndi N. V. Gogolem

Iwo anaphunzitsidwa ndi A. S. Pushkin. Pafupifupi nthawi zonse Rosset zizigwirizana ndi Nikolai Vasilyevich, adzakhala nawo malo Begichevo mu Kaluga pafupi Moscow Spassky ndi ntchito pa buku lachiwiri la "Miyoyo Akufa". Mobwerezabwereza Aleksandra Smirnova amakumana naye, dziko lina ku Roma. Komanso, mu 1845 iye vyhlopochet wolemba kwa mfumu ndi penshioni pachaka, kuchuluka kwa amene adzakhala 1000 rubles. Gogol khalidwe lake ngati ngale mwa akazi.

ubwenzi

Lakuthwa m'kamwa, caustic ndi kuseka, Smirnova Aleksandra, mu mawu a Pushkin, amene analemba buku chilungamo "nthabwala mkwiyo wa wakuda" mu 1844, chidwi ndi Nikolaem Dmitrievichem Kiselevym, nthumwi ndi ntchito ndi ntchito ya Don Juan.

Anna Olenina ankadziwa Aleksandru Smirnovu anaona kuti dzanja lake anali amphamvu ndi wofatsa Plato kumverera zosayembekezereka kwambiri kwa munthu wokonda n'zolakwika.

ukalamba

Mwatsoka, chibadwa wanzeru Rosset anali akumane. Ali mwana anali sachedwa kukhumudwa, kuti "wozingwa." Mu 1846, izi unaonekera bwino kwambiri, ndipo Anthufe miyambo ya chipembedzo. Osati mwa chikhulupiriro, koma ntchito kunja kwa miyambo iye anapezanso ena wosatekeseka. Ndi nthawi ino wotaya kulemera, wotaya tulo. mipata awa pakati pa kuwala ndi nthawi mdima naye zaka zonse za moyo. Koma mu Paris, ana ali chikhalire wakuwapembedzera mu 1879 pa kukhazikitsidwa kwa otumikira pa iye, ndipo ndikukhulupirira kuti kuwonongeka kwa mkhalidwe wake anayamba zaka zitatu zapitazo, mu Moscow. azamisala ano, kupenda mkhalidwe wake, kulankhula la kukwaniritsika maganizo mtima. Tinali nazonso ndi abale ake apamtima, pafupifupi onse akhudzidwa ndi matenda a m'maganizo - wamkazi Olga, Sofia, mwana wa Michael. Atatu abale ake komanso anadwala matenda okhudza ubongo.

Mu 1883 ku Paris, iye anapulumuka mwamuna wake ndi zaka 13, ndipo pafupifupi onse abwenzi Smirnova Aleksandra anafa. Wambiri, moyo ndi imfa zachilendo ngati zachilendo munthu kuti ndi inemwini, nkhawa anthu ambiri mu njira yake.