Herodotus anatsegula mu madera? chopereka Scientist kwa sayansi

Mu sukulu, anaphunzira chilichonse chofunika mapulogalamu amalanga, kuphatikizapo mbiri ndi madera. Ndipo, ndithudi, aliyense wamva za wapaulendo Greek Herodotus, amene mafani Tinkagawa clichés analembedwa "makolo a mbiri" pa chifukwa chakuti wasayansi analemba ntchito voluminous a dzina lomweli. Yesetsani kumvetsa mfundo imeneyi, ndipo nthawi yomweyo kudziwa kuti anapeza mu madera a Herodotus.

zokhudza mbiri

Progressive munthu yake, mbiri komanso malo,, apaulendo choyamba - ndicho chimene chinali lodziwika bwino Herodotus. yonena lake lili mipata chifukwa cha chidwi zochitika zaka, koma mfundo zofunika lilipo. Herodotus anabadwa mu Doric njuchi Greek, ndi Halicarnassus wakale (ano Bodrum). Tsiku kwambiri Nkosatheka kwa kubadwa kwa wasayansi ndi ankaona kuti 484 BC. e.

Banja limene mwanayo anakulira, anali wotchuka kwambiri ndipo anapereka, ndi kugwirizana ambiri. Zimenezi analola wamng'ono Herodotus kupeza maphunziro abwino pa nthawi. Rio mayi ndi bambo malawi anabweretsa mwana wina - Theodore. Wamphamvu chikoka pa maganizo ndi zokonda za mnyamatayo anali Paniasis lake wachibale, amene anali ndakatulo otchuka.

Scientific nugget amakedzana

Ngati ayi awiri Persian Nkhondo, pakati pa amene Herodotus anabadwa, mbiri ndi tsogolo la mnyamata zikanakhala zosiyana. Tsiku lina anaganiza amafotokoza mwatsatanetsatane za nkhondo Agiriki ndi Perisiya, ndipo nthawi yomweyo kufotokoza ulemu, miyambo zambiri za alili, amene anasankha kudzacheza. Pa wasayansi oyendayenda anakankhira chidwi, linaonekera kuphunzira nthano, kudziwa zomwe anaphunzira logogriph. Komanso, anafuna kuona ndi maso anga, mawonekedwe a dziko zilipo aziwoneka mu nyengo imeneyo.

Woyamba amene anaganiza ntchito zambiri kufotokoza mbali yaikulu ya yatsoka ndi pa nkhondo ya pakati pa Agiriki ndi Aperisiya, anali Herodotus. Mphatso za chitukuko cha madera anapanga panjira: kuti chilungamo ulaliki wa zonse, kunali koyenera kuti apite ku dziko ambiri. Izi zimaonekera mokwanira ntchito zotchuka Herodotus ( "History") ndi mabuku 9 ndi maina nyimbo m'malo maina.

zolemba Persian

Zambiri za ntchito yake ndi zoyenera za dziko, miyambo, malo ndi zinthu nyengo, gulu andale ndi achipembedzo. Herodotus anatenga ulendo wa zaka makumi awiri pa mayiko a Asia Minor, ndi Persia. M'misewu m'mayiko amenewa akhoza muziyendayenda mopanda mantha, ngati iwo ali otetezedwa bwino, ndi wapaulendo ali malo yoyenera. Popanda kufunika zipangizo, wasayansi, mwina ndithu zabwino kuyenda popanda akukumana chilichonse cha ululu. Atafotokoza tsatanetsatane wa m'deralo ndi miyambo imene anakumana ndi njira yake, potengera Herodotus kulephera madera. Ichi ndi wasayansi okha amene amagwira ntchito m'nthawi akhoza kudziwa akale kuti dziko ndi chenicheni kudziwa lawolawo.

Iye galimoto pamsewu ku Efeso kuti Susa, Babulo Wamkulu waona mu heyday ndi nyumba zake otchuka, laibulale yaikulu, minda ndi aliuma mipatuko, anali Ektabane, likulu la Media State. Mwina Gerodot pano Asuri anawononga. Zonse izi mosamala zinalembedwa m'buku, zomwe zakonzedwa ndi analengedwa ndi Herodotus. Mphatso za chitukuko cha madera-galikarnastsa wasayansi zoonekeratu ndi unquestioned.

N'zochititsa chidwi akulongosola miyambo ya Aperisiya: anamanga akachisi kwa milungu ndi milungu sanapereke maonekedwe anthu, ankakonda nyama zipatso ndi vinyo, piously analemekeza ufulu wokhala ndi moyo ndipo nthawi yomweyo ananyoza akhate, akuganiza olangidwa. Aperisiya koposa zonse luso ofunika asilikali.

Zambiri ndinaphunzira wophunzira kuyendera dera limeneli. Koma iyi ndi mbali chabe ya chavumbulidwa madera a Herodotus.

Herodotus ndi dziko la mapiramidi

Koma galikarnasets yaitali anakhala ku Iguputo. Anasonkhanitsa mudziwe zambiri zokhudza maonekedwe a nyengo m'derali African: Nile chigumula, chilala. Iye anafotokoza kuposa zolengedwa zake mbadwa amoyo: ng'ona, mbalame ndi mvuu. Ndinaphunzira zodabwitsa atsopano a dziko: mapiramidi ndi masinfikisi, anaphunzira ansembe a ndizosowa Egypt, ndipo ngakhale panokha anayeza piramidi wa Cheops. Herodotus anali mu mzinda wa mafumu, anaona Meridovo nyanja, pafupi umene pa zaka amene anali ndikuyenda zipinda mpaka 3 zikwi. Nyumba iyi anali makamaka chidwi ndi wasayansi, kumene kumene, m'mawu ntchito yake Hrs ndi mbiri yakale. Choncho, onse amene anatsegula ndi Herodotus ku Egypt, anakhala cholowa dziko.

Pambuyo Egypt, anapita Libya. Kumeneko iye anaphunzira miyoyo ya anthu okhala mwa chipululu. Kenako, kukhulupirira kuti nyanja an'dzamuka Alexandria, wasayansi anapita ku Saudi Arabia, koma mwina ndayamba yovuta msonkhano wa anthu achipembedzo mu dziko lino, anakakamizika kubwerera.

Ulendo kuti Scythia

Tinayenda Nyanja Black, wasayansi ali kutchulidwa mitsinje yambiri ndi makhwawa kupita mu icho, anapita madera Greek, yomwe ili pa magombe a Euxine, koma si chinthu chokha chimene anatsegula Herodotus madera. Mwazina, "tate wa mbiri" wapanga ulendo yaitali m'dziko la Scythia (kum'mwera kwenikweni kwa Ukraine). Kudera limeneli chidwi ndi malo, ndi: ndi nyengo yaitali ndi yotenthera mvula, ayezi, amene Herodotus ndinalibe lingaliro, steppes lalikulu ndiponso m'tchire. Kuyambira Asikuti Herodotus ndinamva kwambiri mfundo zabodza, monga anthu golide-eyed okhala kumpoto. Ankadziwanso kuti pali mphamvu, chakuya mitsinje, yomwe sindiye ochokera mu mapiri, iye anali ataphunzitsidwa kuyambira ali mwana. Ndinaphunzira za mafuko amene amakhala pafupi: alenje Ural ndipo agripei. N'kotheka, anauzidwa za anthu a Urals ndi Urals pamodzi ndi Herodotus anaphunzira za chikhalidwe cha malo amenewo: nkhalango, wodzala ndi ubweya zobala nyama, mapiri, okongola ndi kufikako. Galikarnasets abva kuti kumpoto kukafika wosatha ozizira ndi payekha, ndi yozizira kumatenga miyezi isanu ndi umodzi. Ndi mu Scythia, Herodotus phunzira wapatali chifaniziro Hrs kenako kugawana ndi dziko.

Herodotus anapita Colchis (ano Georgia), Balkans, kuphatikizapo kum'mwera Italy, nafika ku mathero a dziko, yomwe ili, monga mwa chifaniziro cha Agiriki akale, mu India. wazambiriyakale anali chuma, miyambo ndi izi anavutikira dziko Asian. Iye anafotokoza miyambo ndi zizolowezi za Amwenye, zacilendo maganizo ake, zomera ndi udzu (nsungwi mpunga), mitengo, zotsatira mu mawonekedwe a mipira ubweya, ndi madipoziti lalikulu golide. Choncho, kuyanjana woyamba, umene muzichita Atamaliza kupereka dzina la Herodotus - madera. Mwachidule wokhudza masana ake, n'zotheka mumakumbukira nthawi za kufunika kwa ntchito yake.

zotsalira Hrs

Poganizira kuti kale ulendo mwina zolinga anzawo kapena malonda, tinganene kuti Herodotus woyamba zokopa alendo maphunziro. Herodotus anatsegula mu madera:

• woyamba kufotokoza mwatsatanetsatane chithunzi chenicheni cha dziko a nthawi imeneyo;
• anapanga mabeseni khadi la Azov, Caspian ndipo Black Nyanja;
• Iye anasonkhanitsa mfundo za moyo wa Sarmatians ndi Asikuti chomwe pambuyo anathandiza ntchito yomanga;
• anapeza lanthano wamkazi mtundu: ndi Amazons;
• malo, choyamba, amene anafotokoza mtunda ndi mbali wakale Egypt mitsinje;
• Ndinaphunzira Balkan Peninsula;
• Chizindikiro malire a ecumene ndi (kudziwika gawo) ndi kuzindikiridwa mabacteria atatu nyengo: kumpoto (Scythia), chachiwiri, dera la Mediterranean, ndi wachitatu - gawo la Africa North ndi Arabia;
• anafotokoza zizindikiro, miyambo ndi nthano, Mbiri ya mayiko ambiri.

Kale, kunali kukhulupirira kuti dziko ndi amalire, kotero Herodotus, pokhala zakuthupi, sindikuyesera kuyang'ana "pa mphepete", ndi kufufuza m'mayiko amenewa, pamene iye anapezedwa.

Pambuyo mafunde moyo loto lake lokoma

Herodotus moyo linadzaza ndi zosaiŵalika, kuphatikizapo osati osangalatsa kwambiri. Pazifukwa zandale, banja lake anakakamizika kusiya nyumba ndi moyo pachilumba cha ku Samo. Patatha zaka 10 woyendayenda iye wapeza mtendere Furies, lomwe linakhazikitsidwa ndi ana a sybarites. malipoti zosiyanasiyana kuti tsiku la imfa ya munthu ameneyu, koma ambiri kugwirizana 424 BC. e. A xamwali wa Sophocles, amakonda ya mafumu, lopambana wolemba mbiri wa malo, anaikidwa mu lalikulu tawuni mu Furies, umene unali ulemu waukulu kwambiri. Bokosili pa manda mwachidule imalemba zimene anachita ndi nkhawa zina zokhudza mbiri. Komanso, cenotaphs a Herodotus ali mu Makedoniya Pella ndi Athens kwambiri.

M'mbuyo pomaliza

Herodotus si kowonera zakale chidutswa kapena anthu kuleza atapita ku masamba a mabuku. Kodi Herodotus anapeza zimene adakwaniritsa mwaife m'munda wa mbiri ndi madera, kodi anatulukira, iye ali ndi ufulu kuti aiwala. Yekha wasayansi wa Kale, sanalilenga mwachabe kufotokoza mbali imodzi ya dziko, ndi makombo kulengedwanso lonse. Choncho wake "History" si chopereka yaikulu zintchito sayansi, komanso likupita zidziwike.