Ancient Sparta ndi mbiri yake

Pa nthawi imene Greece adakula mu mzinda wamphamvu, afilosofi anaganizira chikhalidwe cha zinthu, pankhondo Sparta ankakhala moyo wawo. Ntchito yaikulu ya anthu a mumzinda wakhala pokonzekera nkhondo. The specter a nkhondo zonse ndifungatire pa Sparta. Anthu sanali ndipanga maulendo watsopano, iwo akufuna mtendere, koma mu nkhani za kuopsa kwa mizinda ina komanso m'mayiko iwo ankafuna kukhala okonzekera. mphamvu zonse za Sparta anapita chitetezo cha atagonjetsa madera: kumveka Messinia ndi Eurotas chigwa. Ndipo iwo anali kudikirira malo awa sali nawo amene ankaba iwo, ndi kwa akapolo amene amakhala m'madera amenewa, ndiponso wokonzeka akulakwa.

Ancient Sparta analipo 9,000 anali 200,000 akapolo helots, amene anagwada mitu yawo pansi, koma sanasiye chiyembekezo cha kumasuka. Mwachitsanzo m'chaka cha 464, pamene mzinda unawonongedwa ndi chivomezi, ndi helots anathamangira kumeneko, koma osati pofuna kupulumutsa miyoyo ya ambuye awo, ndi kuwapha. Koma, chifukwa cha moyang'ana m'tsogolo a mfumu Archidamus, amene anamanga phalanx asilikali moyo, akapolo anabwerera. Kenako, anatenga zaka zoposa 10 za nkhondo yoopsayo, kuti kamodzinso kutsogolera helots kugonja.

Pambuyo kugonjera akapolo Ancient Sparta, adaziwa Doric zokhudza madera Megara ndi Korinto, anali kuchita nkhondo ndi Athens. Pambuyo nkhondo yaitali, nthaŵi nkhondo waukali State anagonjetsa State wa anzeru ndi nzeru ena. Komabe, sikuti chokha yotchuka kwambiri, komanso mavuto aakulu. Mfundo yakuti yomweyo pambuyo kuwina ofesi ku Sparta anabwera hoplites amene ananyoza "wakuda" ndi kuzindikira okha mtundu wawo. Iwo sanali amalonda chachikulu nthumwi za magulu m'munsi, nthawi anayesa kusintha mphamvu. Choncho, boma la Sparta anakakamizika kuteteza wotuluka anthu.

Sparta wakale, amene mbiri akugwirizira zipambano zambiri asilikali, anagonja kwa nthawi yoyamba mu 371 Thebans. Mu nkhondo imeneyi, dongosolo latsopano la yomanga phalanges ndi ( "oblique kuti") wakhala ntchito. Pa nkhondo, anapha mfumu ya Sparta Cleombrotus, ndi kamodzi asilikali opanda mantha ndi nkhawa yaikulu ndipo anathawa kunkhondo. Koma izi sizinaimitse Thebans. Anasamukira ku Sparta, ndi Sparta anasonyeza kumenyana mphamvu zawo. Chifukwa cha zimenezi, Thebans anapambana m'chigwa Messinian.

Tikhoza kunena kuti pa nkhondo imeneyi Ancient Sparta anayamba mphamvu zake. Kamodzi mwa "liri" ku Sparta anayamba kuoneka "kakang'ono". anthu ambiri anayamba kugulitsa m'mayiko awo, chifukwa Kuti ali osowa. Ngakhale amuna ndayesera kukhala nkhondowo mphamvu ya Sparta, akazi anayamba kuchita katapira. Anagula dziko ngongole ya. Choncho anayamba stratification wa anthu, panali anthu apamwamba achuma. kufunika zazing'ono chinaperekedwa kwa usilikali a achinyamata.

Only zaka handiredi kenako, atsogoleri a Sparta anazindikira kuti palibe kuteteza kumudzi, natenga khama kuti abwerere madongosolo a kale. Dziko adagawanso, mangawa zimafika, asilikali tithe anali augmented ndi helots amphamvu ndi periekami. Koma apamwamba a mzinda akhagopa dongosolo latsopano, ulimi anayamba, amene analimbikitsa Makedoniya. Choncho 221 ku Sparta anagonja wina, koma salinso pa manja a Thebans.

dongosolo maphunziro wovutika

Boma zigawenga tcheru kwambiri poteteza mzindawu adani mkati ndi kunja. Chifukwa chaichi iwo anayamba kupanga dongosolo maphunziro, imene inali magawo 3:

- Maphunziro a anyamata a zaka 7 mpaka 12. Pa nthawi imeneyi, ana yagawidwa. Iwo ankasewera ndi kuphunzira. Koma aphunzitsi zonse muzitsimikiza kuti ana kumenyana pakati pawo. Choncho kuzindikira ndi zofooka za osewera ake.

- Kuchokera zaka 12 mpaka 20 anyamata achikulire anali ogwirizana magulu kumene anatsogolera anyamata akuluakulu. Pa nthawi imeneyi kunalibe masewera, chisamaliro anapatsidwa usilikali.

- Kuchokera zaka 20 mpaka 30, ku Sparta anali ogwirizana sissitii - gulu wopangidwa ambiri a anthu pafupifupi 15. Iwo anapitiriza kuchita usilikali bwalo lake, koma panopa akutha kuyamba banja, kuchita ntchito zina zapakhomo.

Monga mmene taonera, Ancient Sparta tcheru kwambiri maphunziro a nkhondo ameneŵa kuteteza chikhalidwe chawo.