Ndi phosphorous mabomba chiyani? Phosphorus mabomba - zotsatira. mabomba Action phosphoric

Ndi chitukuko cha luso ndege, ntchito kumenya nkhondo, chofunika zipolopolo, angathe kuchita mphamvu padziko mdani m'dera lalikulu. mabomba Incendiary anali madzulo wa First World nkhondo. Iwo anali zipangizo wosazindikira, wopangidwa mwa thanki ndi palafini ndi inertial lama fuyusi, amene anali ngati maziko wamba mfuti katiriji.

Mu 30s wa atumwi chatha ntchito akupha otchedwa mipira mankwala. Kuwadzaza anatumikira chikasu phosphorous mu mawonekedwe a granules kukula 15-20 mm. Ndi akuponya mpira ngati akayaka, koma pafupi pansi moto particles phosphorous propaliv chipolopolo anamwazidwa ndi kuphimba moto mvula yaikulu m'dera. Icho chinali kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati njira sputtering anakhala pa pellets moto akasinja wapadera la ndegeyo pa okwera otsika.

Pa Nkhondo Yachiwiri ya World, anthu yoyamba imene munaphunzira kuti bomba phosphoric mu mawonekedwe umene ulipo masiku ano. Zinali chidebe wodzazidwa ndi mipira phosphorous masekeli magalamu 100 mpaka 300, okwana kulemera wa ku tani imodzi. ordnance amenewa waponya kuchokera pamwamba pafupifupi 2 Km ndi chakumene mamita 300 kuchokera pansi. Masiku ano phosphorous zipolopolo incendiary pamaziko a asilikali amphamvu kwambiri dziko zimakhala mbali yokulirapo ya zida zonse ntchito mabomba a.

phosphorous woyera

Mwa zipangizo zonse kuyaka ntchito zida incendiary, woyera phosphorous ali ndi malo apadera. Ichi ndi chifukwa katundu yake yapadera mankhwala, makamaka ndi kutentha kuyaka ukufika 800-1000 madigiri Celsius. Chinthu china chofunika mu luso la mankhwala akuti azinyadira zokha mu kukhudzana ndi mpweya mu mlengalenga. Kutentha, phosphorous woyera udzabala wandiweyani poizoni utsi, amenenso amachititsa amayaka mkati mwa kapepalako kupuma ndi poyizoni wa thupi.

A mlingo wa 0.05-0.1 ga woopsa kwa munthu. A phosphorous woyera chongopeka kapena mogwirizana kwa mankwala apatites ndi silika ndi coke, pa kutentha madigiri 1600. Kunja, iye ankawoneka ngati sera, ndi mosavuta olumala ndi odulidwa, zomwe zimapangitsa izo yabwino kwa kudzaza zipolopolo iliyonse. Palinso mabomba, wodzazidwa ndi plasticized woyera phosphorous. Plasticization zimatheka powonjezera njira viscous wa mphira kupanga.

Mitundu ya incendiary woyera munitions phosphorous

Lero pali mitundu ingapo ya zida, kuwononga chinthu chimene chili choyera phosphorous:

• mabomba;
• maroketi;
• zida zankhondo zipolopolo;
• mtondo zipolopolo;
• dzanja mabomba.

The owopsa ndi mitundu iwiri yoyambirira ya zipolopolo, ngati iwo ali ndi wachibale zazikulu kwa ena angathe chidwi.

ndi bomba phosphoric Kodi

Modern phosphorous mabomba - ichi zipolopolo ndege, wopangidwa mwa nyumba, mafuta filler monga phosphorous woyera kapena zosakaniza zovuta mlandu angapo, ndi limagwirira kwa poyatsira ake. Iwo akhoza kugawidwa mitundu iwiri mogwirizana ndi njira actuation: mlengalenga pambuyo amadza ndi pamwamba. Choyamba actuated detonator ankalamulira, zochokera okwera anakhumba ndi airspeed la ndegeyo, yotsirizira mwachindunji amaphulika pa amadza.

The nyumba mabomba amenewa nthawi zambiri kuchokera ku mafuta aloyi amatchedwa "elekitironi", wopangidwa mwa magnesium ndi zotayidwa, amene anatentha pamodzi ndi kusakaniza. Nthawi zambiri anawonjezera kuti phosphorous combustibles zina, mwachitsanzo napalm kapena thermite, zomwe zayamba kumawonjezera kuyaka kutentha kusakaniza. mabomba Action phosphoric ngati bomba wodzazidwa ndi napalm. Kutentha zinthu zonse kuyaka pafupifupi zofanana (800-1000 ° C), koma kwa phosphorous ndi napalm mu zida zamakono kuposa mlingo uwu 2,000 mas ^˚

The Air Force ali makamu incendiary limodzi mabomba, amene ali chidebe wapadera wodzazidwa ndi ambiri mabomba yaing'ono. Mwazisiya ndi chidebe umalamulidwa ndi pa bolodi polojekiti katetezedwe, pokhala pa msinkhu, amene akulola munitions waukulu kugunda chandamale yeniyeni. Pofuna kumvetsa zomwe phosphoric bomba mu kuchitapo kanthu, muyenera kudziwa mupewe ngozi ya zinthu zake zokhudza.

zinthu zokhudza

Pamene ntchito woyera phosphorous monga chinthu flammable mabomba kulandira zinthu zingapo sichikupindulitsani:

• lawi kwambiri ndi kuyaka wa osakaniza pa kutentha kwa 2000 C ^˚ kuchititsa amayaka, kuvulala zoopsa ndi imfa yowawa;
• mpweya woipa, kupotokola ndi moto zolimbikitsa airway;
• mpweya kuwotcha m'gawo la ntchito, zikubweretsa suffocation;
• mantha maganizo chifukwa cha anaona.

Phosphoric yaing'ono bomba linaphulika kutalika zolondola Akumenya malo mamita lalikulu 100-200, zofunda zonse padziko moto. Kukwera thupi, particles wa slag ndi moto phosphorous ndodo ndi carbonize minofu organic. Kuzima, kutsekereza mwayi wa oxygen.

Special mabomba phosphorous amagwiritsidwa ntchito pofuna kuchita mdani, kukhala pa malo a. Preheated kuti 1500-2000 ^˚ C anatentha mafuta osakaniza angathe zida ngakhale apansi simenti, ndi kuona pa kutentha ngati msanga kuwotcha mpweya mu mlengalenga, mwayi wa kupulumuka chobisika chapansi, ndi pa bwato kapena m'nyumba ina, pafupifupi ayi.

Zinali kufa strangulation ambirimbiri wamba a anthu Vietnamese paulendo wina wa mabomba a US Air Force. anthu awa anaphedwa mu dugouts chisanadze anakumba, wopanda ingatithandize kudziwa zimene bomba phosphoric.

Zotsatira za ntchito munitions woyera phosphorous

Pa napalm kuyaka ndi phosphorous anamasulidwa Unyinji wa poizoni m'mlengalenga, kuphatikizapo dioxins - wamphamvu chakupha mankhwala okhala ndi amphamvu carcinogenic ndi mutagenic. The US Air Force nthawi imene Vietnam mwakhama ntchito napalm ndi phosphorous mabomba. Zotsatira za mankhwala kuyaka wa zinthu zimenezi pa thupi la munthu zingaoneke pa nthawi ino. M'madera kuti zagonjetsedwa chotero bombardment, ndi ana lero amabadwa ndi kuvutika kwambiri ndi masinthidwe.

Lamulo mabomba mankwala

White phosphorous munitions si mwalamulo zokhudzana ndi zida zoopsa, koma ntchito zawo okha ndi protocol wa panganoli UN. chikalata ichi nthawi ntchito yawo pa cholinga cha nkhondo ndiponso imaletsa ntchito cholimbana zinthu mwamtendere. Malinga ndi protocol, ndi mabomba phosphorous akuletsedwa ntchito m'madera populata ndi malo awo, ngakhale pali maofesi a asilikali.

Mumadziwika zokhudza munitions woyera phosphorous mu nthawi yathu

Pa ntchito ya Cambodia mu 1980s wa atumwi wotsiriza, asilikali Vietnamese ntchito ndege maroketi unguided, mlandu phosphorous woyera, kuti thupilo "Khmer Rouge". Zotakasika zipolopolo phosphorous ankagwiritsa ntchito ndi ntchito British nzeru mu 2003 pafupi ndi mzinda wa Basra ku Iraq.

Chaka chotsatira, mu Iraq, Ankhondo US kale ntchito kumenyana Fallujah phosphorous mabomba. Photos zotsatira za bomba inu M'nkhani. Mu 2006 ndi 2009, gulu lankhondo la Israeli ntchito woyera phosphorous munitions pa Chachiwiri Lebanon nkhondo ndi Gaza Mzere pa Opaleshoni "Ponyani Kukuthandiza".

Kodi kuteteza ndi kukhudzana kwa phosphorous moto

Kuti bwino kudziteteza ku zinthu zosokoneza wa phosphorous zipolopolo, m'pofunika bwino amaonetsera mtundu wa ntchito zida. Pankhani ya ntchito phosphorous mabomba, ndege, limodzi ndi zouluka pansi lawi ndi wandiweyani woyera utsi kapena moto pambuyo m'dera kuphulika, pomwepo kusiya zinkakhala m'dera, akusuntha mu njira ya nevetrenuyu.

Monga ofuna ntchito malo abwino ndi amphamvu zolowerana ndi kukakamizidwa mpweya wabwino. Ngati amenewa sanapezeke, ntchito kosungira, kunkhondo, maenje, magalimoto, kuphimba yokha ndi njira improvised, amene akhoza kuchita ngati chitsulo kapena mapanelo matabwa, matabwa, matenti, etc., muzikumbukira kuti iwo adzapereka yochepa chabe chitetezo.

Chitetezo kupuma m'pofunika ntchito masks fyuluta, respirators kapena nsalu zofewa ankawaviika mu njira ya soda. Pambuyo kukhudzana ndi osakaniza akupsya zovala panja kapena khungu zofunika kuzimitsa lawi, kuphimba bala malo minofu, kutsekereza mwayi wa oxygen. Palibe angathe kukakamiza pansi ndi akusisita lawi kuyambira m'dera kuyaka Zimenezi zochuluka. Sikuloledwa kwa othetsa ndi kugwiritsa ntchito madzi mogwirizana ndi kuthekera kwa kupopera osakaniza kuyaka. Iwo ayenera kukumbukira kuti zatushennye woyera phosphorous particles akhoza azinyadira kachiwiri.