Poizoni zinthu, mndandanda wawo

Poizoni zinthu ndi mankhwala owopsa omwe amatha kugonjetsa mphamvu za adani panthawi ya nkhondo. Zili ndi ziwalo zambiri zakuthupi, zomwe zimakhala ndi madzi, aerosol kapena vapor state ndipo ndiwo maziko a zida za mankhwala (mtundu wa zida za kuwonongeka kwakukulu). OM amapita m'madera osiyanasiyana, malo ogona kapena nyumba zomwe zimakhudza zamoyo zomwe zilipo, kuteteza zotsatira zake kwa nthawi ndithu.

Kuthana ndi poizoni mumalowa mu thupi la munthu m'njira zingapo: kudzera pakhungu, kupuma kapena ziwalo za m'mimba, mucous membrane. Pachifukwa ichi, mlingo ndi chikhalidwe cha zilonda zimadalira njira zowowera m'thupi, liwiro la kufalitsa ndi kuchotsedwa kwa ilo, komanso njira zowonetsera zinthu zoopsa ndi zizindikiro za thupi la munthu.

Mpaka pano, palibe chodziwika bwino cha zinthu izi. Chofunika kwambiri ndi:

1. Chikhalidwe cha thupi (mwachithupi pa thupi). Izi zimaphatikizapo zinthu zosakhazikika zowononga, zowonjezereka komanso zowopsa kwambiri.

A) OB osakhazikika - amatha kuwononga mpweya, amapanga mtambo wa mpweya umene ukufalikira kumbali ya mphepo ndipo umathamanga mofulumira.

B) Otsitsimula O - mankhwala omwe amapanga mtambo umene uli ndi kachilombo koyambitsa matenda. Mitundu ina imakhala ngati mame pafupi ndi gawo lapafupi.

C) smoky OM - yogwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mafusho osiyanasiyana komanso opangidwa ndi zolimba.

2. Makhalidwe abwino (pa makhalidwe pansi). Izi zikuphatikizapo zinthu zoopsa zowonongeka, zolepheretsa nthawi inayake ndi zokhumudwitsa OB.

A) Kuchitapo kanthu koopsa - kumathandiza kuthetsa zamoyo.

B) kulepheretsa - kumatulutsa matenda a maganizo mwa anthu.

C) zinthu zowopsya - zimatulutsa anthu.

Komanso, malinga ndi momwe thupi limakhudzidwira, pali:

1. Zamanjenje zoopsa (sarin, VX, suman) - zili ndi phosphorous, choncho ndizoopsa kwambiri. Amatha kudziunjikira ndi kukhudza dongosolo la manjenje la munthu m'njira iliyonse kuti alowe m'thupi. Izi ndi zamadzimadzi zopanda mtundu zomwe ziri zopanda phokoso, zomwe zimasungunuka bwino mu zinyama zachilengedwe, koma osachepera m'madzi.

2. Poizoni OB (phosphine, arsine, hydrocyanic asidi) - amaphwanya kupuma kwa matenda, kuleka njira zawo zowonjezera. Zinthuzi zimalowa m'thupi kudzera m'mapapo opuma komanso m'mimba.

3. Zinthu zosokoneza bongo (chloropicrin, diphosgene ndi phosgene) - zimakhudza minofu ya pulmonary ndi njira yopuma yopuma kupyolera mwa ziwalo zowumitsa, zomwe zimayambitsa mpweya wa mpweya, kupweteka ndi imfa.

4. Zowopsya mankhwala (CS, dibenzoxazepine, chloracetophenone) - amalimbikitsa kukhumudwa kwa mucous membrane ya mapumidwe ndi maso. Amagwiritsa ntchito mawonekedwe a aerosols, amachititsa kutentha, kupuma thupi, kumangidwa kwa mtima ndi imfa.

5. Khungu lopukuta khungu (lewisite, mpiru) - limalowa m'thupi kudzera mu khungu ndi mitsempha, zomwe zimayambitsa poizoni komanso kupanga zilonda m'malo okhudzana ndi khungu.

6. Zinthu zakuthupi (OB, BZ) - zimayambitsa matenda okhudza matenda ndi matenda pogwiritsira ntchito kusokoneza maganizo.

7. Poizoni (botulinum, staphylococcal enteroxin) - chifukwa cha ziwalo za pakatikati zamanjenje, kusanza, poizoni wa thupi.

Choncho, kufikira lero, pafupifupi mitundu yonse ya mankhwala oopsa aphunzitsidwa. Zonsezi zimatha kuwononga thupi laumunthu, kuchititsa kuti liwonongeke. Kuti mutetezedwe nthawi yake, nkofunika kuti mwamsanga muzindikire OB, kukhazikitseni mtundu wake ndi kusamalitsa. Pomwepokha padzakhala zotsatira zowonjezereka zothandizira thandizo lachipatala kwa ozunzidwa panthawi ya nkhondo.