Ng'ombe: ng'ombe Mitundu ndi chikhalidwe chawo. ng'ombe nyama zimasokoneza

Zonse Mitundu ya ng'ombe zidzasankhidwa m'madera zazikulu zitatu: mkaka, nyama ndi mkaka ndi nyama. Mtundu yotsirizira ya nyama kusiyana ndi lalikulu kulemera ndi kukula mlingo. Nyama ng'ombe amenewa kawirikawiri yokutidwa ndi mafuta wosanjikiza, choncho, kuchuluka osiyana ndi kukoma kwakukulu. Ndi mwayi wofanana pa nyama Mitundu mkaka akhoza kudzitama monga ng'ombe ndi ng'ombe. Ng'ombe mtundu ng'ombe amangoona wodzichepetsa mu chisamaliro ndi kudya.

General maonekedwe a miyala

Mbali yaikulu ya kuswana ng'ombe ndi ng'ombe ndi ana oyamwa pa amayi ndi miyezi isanu ndi umodzi-eyiti. Limafotokoza nthaŵi yaitali wosavuta. Ng'ombe ng'ombe - kupatulapo ochepa - si anaikama. Pa miyezi 5-8, ng'ombe achinyamata ndi ng'ombe anapitiriza losakanizika chakudya, udzu ndi masamba. Kwa nthawi yaitali kupha wamkulu nyama ndi anasamutsidwa zakudya tirigu. Zimenezi zimathandiza kuti tikwaniritse zotsatira zabwino za kulemera phindu ndi khalidwe nyama. Zokolola yamasika angafikire kwa 64% mwa kulemera kwa inki.

History of Kalmyk zimasokoneza

Izi ndi zopambana nyama zoweta ng'ombe zimasokoneza. Iye ayipanga woyendayendawu Kalmyk steppes ku Central ndi Middle Asia. Mu Russia, mtundu anachita chidwi ndipo anayamba zimaswana zaka zoposa 400 zapitazo. Monga ife kusuntha kumadzulo woyendayendawu Kalmyk mtundu ng'ombe zinatchuka yoyamba Siberia, kenako Volga ndi Don.

mbali Ofunika

Malamulo a boma la nyama yaikulu, wamphamvu ndi ogwirizana. Thupi losiyana mitundu nyama kutchulidwa. Mbali yaikulu ya mtundu wa imatengedwa kuti ndi pakalibe Crest occipital pamutu. Kalmytskaya ng'ombe amatha kulemera makilogalamu 450-600. 800-1100 makilogalamu - izi ndi zimene akhoza kudzitama ng'ombe. Ng'ombe mtundu ng'ombe kukula mofulumira. Pobadwa Kalmyk ng'ombe angalemere pafupi 20-25 kg. Pa chaka, ng'ombe akhoza kupereka mkaka makilogalamu 800-1500. Izi ziri zoposa mokwanira kuti akatenge wathanzi, bwino anayamba wamng'ono.

ng'ombe mtundu wa mtundu uwu zambiri ofiira kapena ofiira ndi oyera. Palinso red-yofiirira, zofiirira, zamawangamawanga ndi wofiira oimira ake. Ntchito thanthwe kuphatikizapo monga kholo pa kuswana. Mwachitsanzo, ndi kudutsa Kalmyk, Hereford ndi Kazakhstan ng'ombe chinapezeka Chikazaki woyera.

chisamaliro

Kalmyk mtundu sikutanthauza zinthu zapadera kapena kudya. Ndi ng'ombe Hardy kwambiri ndi ng'ombe. Zimaswana ng'ombe ayipanga kwa zaka zambiri mu zinthu monyanyira chokhala ndi nyengo, nthawi zonse kusintha kwambiri kuti zinthu chokhwima zachilengedwe. Akavala mpando ndi zinthu kwambiri nyama kusinthidwa nthawi yomweyo, popanda kuphwanya zokolola. Unpretentiousness Choncho waukulu mwayi Kalmyk zimasokoneza. Ngakhale pa osauka kwambiri, dzuwa zowotcha steppe msipu, nyama mwamsanga kuzinenepetsa kulemera. The nyama ng'ombe awa ndi chokoma ndi chopatsa thanzi. Kalmyk ng'ombe zimaŵetedwa makamaka m'madera louma steppe wa dziko.

Hereford

Nyama zimenezi zinali ayipanga m'zaka 18 ku England. Kamodzi Hereford ng'ombe ntchito kawetedwe monga katundu ntchito. Komabe, kale m'zaka za m'ma 18 kuswana cholinga zidapatsa nyama kwambiri zipatso. Hereford anayamba katundu ku mayiko ena. Pakadali ndi ambiri ng'ombe zimasokoneza mu dziko. Mu Russia izo unayamba mu 1928.

Features

Pa Hereford ng'ombe ndi mmene chifukwa ng'ombe kukula kwa thupi. Torso mbiya woboola pakati awo, squat ndi lonse khosi ndi waufupi ndi akulu nyama. Mtundu ku mdima miyala wofiira. Mu nkhani iyi, kufota, mutu, jowl, pamimba ndi miyendo m'munsi - woyera. Misa ng'ombe - 550-650 makilogalamu, 850-1000 makilogalamu angafikire ng'ombe. Species Hereford ng'ombe Kalmyk chotero luso kuzinenepetsa kulemera kwa wina ndi mzake pafupifupi wabwino. Nyama ndi wapamwambatu. Nyama Hereford "marbled" ndi milozo, chokoma kwambiri, ndipo linanena bungwe ake angafikire kwa 62% mwa kulemera kwa inki.

Care gerefordami

Monga Kalmyk, Hereford ng'ombe amasiyana ruggedness ndi luso atengere mavuto nyengo. Chikhalidwe cha nyama ndi odekha ndiponso ochezeka. Chakudya kwathunthu wodzichepetsa. Ng'ombe amabadwa ochepa (25-30 makilogalamu), koma mofulumira kwambiri anenepa ndipo pafupifupi musati kudwala.

Russian hornless

Izi wina zimasokoneza kwambiri lokhalamo ng'ombe zoweta. Iye zimaŵetedwa ku dera Volgograd posachedwapa - mu 2007. Mbali yaikulu ya mtundu ndi wakuda suti. Misa hornless Russian ng'ombe angafikire 550-550 makilogalamu, ng'ombe - 1100 kg. mtundu umenewu, monga ambiri nyama zina, wodzichepetsa kwambiri ndi kuchita zabwino, ngakhale nyengo zikuchepa chokhala. Ubwino wina ndi Russian hornless matenda kukana. The nyama ng'ombe awa, "chija."

Abedin Angus

Nyama zimenezi zinali zimaŵetedwa ku Scotland cha m'ma 18. Mu Russia oimira woyamba wa mtundu umenewu zinkachokera mu 1917. Komabe, kutchuka wapadera pa nthawi, sanalandira. Kachiwiri nyama analowezedwa dziko mu 1948. Zimaswana mikwingwirima yosiyanasiyana hornless wakuda ndi malamulo amphamvu. Mapazi Abedin agusskih ng'ombe lalifupi, ndi mutu ndi yaing'ono. Mmodzi wa makhalidwe abwino a mtundu uwu precocity. Ng'ombe pobadwa angalemere pafupi 25 makilogalamu. Live ng'ombe kulemera - 750-1200 makilogalamu. Ng'ombe angafikire yolemera makilogalamu 450-500.

Limousin zimasokoneza

Poyamba, nyama amenewa zimaŵetedwa monga nyama ndi mkaka. Limousin ng'ombe chinapezeka ku France m'nthawi ya 18 ndi ankawoloka Aquitanian ndi Mitundu ina yapamwamba-ololera. Kenako kuswana ntchito anauzidwa pa kukulitsa makamaka nyama khalidwe. Mu Russia mtundu umenewu anali kunja mu 60s oyambirira.

Mtundu ng'ombe Limousine ali bwino anayamba akulu thupi ndi yaing'ono mutu ndi nyanga. Izi nyama otsika kwambiri (ng'ombe - 135 masentimita bullhead - 145 cm). Ng'ombe amabadwa ochepa - makilogalamu 40. Komabe, nthawi lakupha angafikire yolemera makilogalamu 310. Zimaswana ruggedness osiyana ndi kukana matenda. Mu France, ali mmodzi wa ambiri. kukoma wabwino ali nyama monga ng'ombe limuzinskih, nthawi zambiri kuononga zogulitsa, komanso ng'ombe wamkulu ndi ng'ombe.

Other Mitundu otchuka

Nyama mtundu ng'ombe tafotokozazi m'dziko lathu ndi chofala kwambiri. Makamaka, Kalmyk ndi Hereford. Koma pa minda nthawi zambiri kukula nyama ndi mkaka nyama. Mmodzi wa Mitundu wotchuka umenewu ndi Simmental. Izi kwambiri zipatso osati kwambiri whimsical nyama. A Mitundu mkaka kwambiri wotchuka kwambiri Holstein.

ng'ombe Simmental

Sitinatenga nyama mu Switzerland. Kamodzi pa nthawi simentalki anali wosabereka phiri ng'ombe. Komabe, ntchito yambiri kusankha nyama yabwino anapereka zotsatira zabwino kwambiri. Today ng'ombe Simmental kawetedwe - chachikulu, kupereka wambiri nyama mkaka. Malamulo awa olimba kwambiri, akulu, nthawi zina zamwano, wamtali, ndi mafupa. Kuyambira ng'ombe imodzi mukhoza kupeza makilogalamu 3500-6000 mkaka pachaka. Kulemera ng'ombe angafikire makilogalamu 900-1000. Ng'ombe - 600-900 makilogalamu. Ng'ombe amabadwa mwachilungamo lalikulu - makilogalamu 60. Slaughter nyama zokolola mwina 56-65%. ng'ombe Simmental bwino kulekerera kwambiri ozizira ndi kutentha. Komabe, kupeza zotsatira zabwino, ayenera chakudya chabwino.

Mtundu ali mizere angapo vysokomolochnyh. Kuchepetsa ng'ombe izi makamaka m'madera wakuda dothi la Russia ndi Ukraine.

ng'ombe Holstein

Home kuti nyama ndi Netherlands. Komabe, mkulu zokolola zake panopa Holstein ng'ombe mtundu kukhala ndi breeder American ku Belmont Vinsropu B. Chenery. Pakadali ndi wotchuka kwambiri mu dziko la mkaka. Kuchepetsa mu mayiko ambiri. Holstein ng'ombe angapereke makilogalamu 8,000-10,000 a mkaka pachaka. Chinthu chimodzi ndiye thanthwe mawonekedwe udder kusamba woboola pakati mkulu mphamvu. Mtundu mu nyama ndi wakuda ndi White kapena red-ndi-White. Nthawi zina pali nyama wakuda kwathunthu ndi kulemba kakang'ono m'dera chala, m'mimba, mchira ndi mutu. Kuyambira mu 1971, iwo akuzindikiridwa monga mtundu osiyana. Ng'ombe pobadwa kulemera makilogalamu 37-42. Sizoti vysokomolochnaya, komanso mtundu waukulu kwambiri. Akuluakulu ng'ombe amatha kulemera kwa 1200 makilogalamu, ng'ombe - mpaka makilogalamu 750.

Pamwamba Mitundu nyama ya ng'ombe tinganene kuti panthawi wotchuka kwambiri. Iwo amakula owayimilira osati kwa mkaka ndi nyama. Nthawi zambiri, miyala awa ntchito ngati makolo mu zatsopano, kwambiri waphindu ndi Hardy.