Nikolai Martynov omwe, anafa pa duel M. Yu Lermontova:. Yonena

zaka 4 Monga atamwalira Pushkin a anagwedeza Russia anagwirizira duel pakati M. Yu Lermontovym ndi anapuma Major Nikolai Martynov omwe.. Chifukwa cha zimenezi, wolemba ndakatulo anaphedwa ndi ophunzira wina wa nkhondo kutali ndi kumangidwa kwa miyezi itatu ndi sacramental. Ngakhale otsiriza duel Lermontov, imene inatha mu imfa yake, zinachitika zaka 175 zapitazo, akadali kutsutsana yomangika ngati kapena ayi NS Martynov omwe anawomberedwa pa munthu amene akatulutsidwa mfuti mu mlengalenga, ndiko. E. Angadziperekere wakupha.

magwero

Kumvetsetsa zolinga za zochita anthu, chipolopolo lomwe kutha yochepa yonena za M. Yu. Lermontova, ayenera kuphunzira za chiyambi chake.

Choncho, NS Martynov omwe anabadwa mu Moscow otchuka. agogo ake anapanga mwayi vinyo anagula kutali, mwachitsanzo. E., Pakuti amalipiritsa boma anapeza ufulu Levy msonkho pa kumwa establishments, kodi anakwanitsa kwambiri. M'zaka za m'ma 18 mochedwa kuti ankakhulupirira kuti olemekezeka sanayenera kuchita malonda amenewa. Komabe, Mikhail Ilyich ngakhale manyazi kwambiri ake, monga ngati kunena lero, bizinesi Komabe kufuna kuti mwana wake kupitiriza ntchito yake, monga anapereka yodalirika. Namutcha dzina lake, uncharacteristic kwa anthu a kalasi lake. Choncho, Nikolay Solomonovich Martynov omwe, dziko lomwe Lermontov yomweyo pambuyo pa imfa unali mutu wa nkhambakamwa Mosakayika Russian.

Makolo ndi ubwana

Atate Martynova Solomon Mihaylovich Martynov omwe ananyamuka ku Mulingo wa State milandu ndipo anamwalira mu 1839. mkazi wake, Elizabeth M. kubanja wolemekezeka Tarnowski. Monga Martynovs banja anali ndi ana asanu ndi atatu: ana 4 ndi aakazi 4. Iwo, makamaka anyamata, analandira maphunziro abwino, ndalama zokwanira kuti omasuka malo golide achinyamata ndi maonekedwe osiyana wokongola.

Nikolai Martynov omwe anabadwa mu 1815 ndipo anali okha chaka wocheperapo Lermontov. Kuyambira ali mwana anali ndi luso ntchito mabuku ndipo anayamba kulemba ndakatulo kutsanzira alakatuli wotchuka nthawi yake.

learning

Mu 1831, Nikolai Martynov omwe analowa sukulu alonda boma ensigns ndi apakavalo cadets. Mu chaka chomwecho iye anali pambuyo Lermontov. Yotsirizira anakakamizika kupala chopempha kuti mupewe ku University Moscow wa mbiri zosasangalatsa ndi mmodzi wa aphunzitsi, ndi St. Petersburg sanafune kuchita, chifukwa kumeneko iye anafunsidwa kuti adzathe ayambe kuphunzitsidwa ndi njira yoyamba.

Nikolayev apakavalo School, zimene zinathandiza achinyamata, anali mmodzi wa anthu otchuka kwambiri Russia. Iwo anatenga otchuka Nditaphunzira ku yunivesite kapena sukulu payekha yogonera komweko, amene analibe usilikali. Pamene ndinali kuwerenga Lermontov ndi Nikolay Solomonovich Martynov omwe nthawi pamodzi monga fencer pa spadroon ndipo ankadziwa ndithu. Komanso, ndakatulo iyi anadziwana ndi anthu ambiri a banja la Martynov omwe ndi m'bale wake Nicholas - Michael - anali mnzakeyo wake. Kenako, analembanso kuti mmodzi wa alongo a Nicholas ngakhale anakhala mbali zinachitika Mfumukazi Mary. Amadziwika kuti mayi Martynov omwe unflattering kwambiri ndemanga za Lermontov kwa nthabwala wake wachipongwe, koma mwana wake anasangalala ndi ndalama ndakatulo ku koleji anzake.

ofesi

Akamaliza maphunziro Nikolay Martinov anatumizidwa kukatumikira yapamwamba pamene apakavalo Regiment, amene pa nthawiyo anali mkulu Dantes. Pa la Caucasus nkhondo , iye, ngati ambiri a mbadwo wake, anapita ku amadzipereka pa kutsogolo mu kutchuka ndi kubwerera ku likulu pa udindo ndi zokongoletsa asilikali. Pali nthawi imene asilikali ulendo Caucasus detachment kuwoloka mtsinje Kuban, Nikolay Solomonovich Martynov omwe anadzionetsa msilikali wolimba. Pakuti kuyenera asilikali izo ngakhale kupereka dongosolo la St. Anna ndi uta, ndipo iye anali kugwirizana ndi lamulo.

yosiya

Zinthu ngati kuti Nikolai Martynov omwe mwina chiyembekezo cha ntchito yabwino. Komabe, mpaka chifukwa tsopano osadziwika mu 1841, pamene pamalo a Major (Kumbukirani kuti pafupifupi Lermontov yofanana analipo pa nthawi imeneyo yokha msilikali), mosayembekezeka tendered yosiya wake. Izo zinanenedwa kuti mnyamatayo anali amakakamizidwa kuti achite izo, chifukwa Iye anagwidwa pa kuonera pa masewera khadi kuti pakati pa alonda ankaona manyazi kwambiri chodabwitsa. Mokomera mphekesera zimenezi, ambiri ukutchulidwa chakuti Nikolai Martynov omwe, amene anali chuma chokwanira chuma ndi kugwirizana, sanabwerere ku likulu la dziko, ndi osasunthika kulekana ammudzi mu Pyatigorsk ndipo ankakhala moyo kwaokha. Mwa alendo ndi m'dera Russian m'dera ankadziwika ngati eccentric mapiri kale zazikulu pachiyambi monga zovala ryadilsya ndipo anayenda ndi mpeni yaikulu, kuchititsa chotonzedwa kwa anzake akale.

M. Yu. Lermontov mu Caucasus

Ndi 1841, wolemba ndakatulo kale otchuka mu Russia chifukwa cha ndakatulo ya Pushkin. Vuto agogo ali otchuka abale mwa bwalo zinamupatsa kupewa chilango yaikulu kwambiri. Iye anatumidwa kwa Caucasus chizindikiro mu Nizhny Novgorod Regiment. ulendo uwu unakhalapo yaitali ndithu, ndipo posakhalitsa kachiwiri kunawala mu salons likulu a. Mwina zinthu zikanakhala osiyana ngati Musakangane mu nyumba ya wotchuka de A Laval Ernest Barant. Mwana wa nthumwi French anaona mwano mu epigram, chimene, monga iye anauzidwira abwenzi mwagwirizana analemba M. Yu. Lermontov. Pa duel, amene zinachitika pafupi ndi malo pamene Iye wovulala Pushkin, kanthu zomvetsa chisoni chinachitika: lupanga mmodzi wa Otsutsa unasweka Barante anaphonya, ndi ndakatulo kuwombera mu mlengalenga. Komabe, kubisa chakuti machesi sikunali kotheka, ndi ndakatulo iyi anali ku ukapolo Caucasus, ngakhale kuti iye pofuna kusiya.

The zifukwa duel ndi Martynov omwe

Choncho, choyamba ndinafika ku Capital kumpoto kwa Stavropol, kumene Regiment wake Tengin, ndipo patapita kanthawi ndinapita ku tchuti mu Pyatigorsk. Ndipo abwenzi anayesa kumukakamiza iye si kutero. Kumeneko anakumana ambiri wake St. Petersburg anzawo, kuphatikizapo Martynov omwe. Zoipa chinenero Lermontov kwambiri pankhondo maonekedwe zosangalatsa mnzakeyo kale. Yotsirizira akhala anasunga chakukhosi ndakatulo iyi, chifukwa iye ankaganiza kuti iye anali kum'nyogodola mu epigrams wake, zimene zinaphatikizapo maina a Martysh ndi Solomo. Kenako, monga chifukwa cha duel chinaoneka ndi Baibulo malinga ndi zomwe Martynov omwe ankaganiza kuti Lermontov kusweka mlongo wake. Komanso ananena kupikisana achinyamata za madalitso French Ammayi dzina lake Adele, amene anali pa ulendo mu Caucasus.

mzere

masiku awiri pamaso tsoka la atchulidwa wake anakumanirana kunyumba ya General Verzilina. Panali pano mphindi yotsatira wolemba ndakatulo ndi bwenzi lake lakale, Prince Troubetzkoy, komanso mkazi ndi mwana wamkazi wa mwini nyumba. Pamaso pawo, Lermontov anayamba kumasula barbs pa zopusa "ng'ombe". Mu ngozi pa mawu nyimbo inayima, ndipo iwo anamva zonse, kuphatikizapo Martynov omwe, monga mwa nthawi zonse, atavala Circassian. Monga ananena abwenzi mwagwirizana Lermontov ndi Martynov omwe, sinali nthawi yoyamba kuti ndakatulo adamlalatira anapuma lalikulu. Iye anapirira motalika monga izo zinali zotheka kuti ayerekeze kuti nthabwala alibe poyerekezera ndi izo. Komabe, madzulo nyimbo pa Verzilin zonse zinali zoonekeratu kwambiri, ndi duel Lermontov ndi Martynov omwe anakhala mosalephera. Amakwiya "ng'ombe" mokweza ananena kuti iye salinso akufuna nthabwala, ndipo anachoka. Ndakatulo anatsimikizira madona kuti mawa ndi Nicholas Solomonovich kukhazikitsa mtendere, chifukwa "chimachitika".

Duel Lermontov ndi Martynov omwe

Madzulo tsiku lomwelo, Michael ndi Nicholas anali ndi kukambirana kosangalatsa, imene adawomba zovuta duel a. The duel zinachitika tsiku lotsatira. Pa Baibulo panopa, Lermontov mopepuka ankachitira chirichonse chikuchitika, ndi zipolopolo mu mlengalenga. Motero, iye anali kwambiri anakwiyitsa Martynov omwe ndi anawomberedwa mu chifuwa. Chifukwa pamene nkhondo sanapite ku dokotala, chithandizo Sunali kuperekedwa, ngakhale kuti iye nkomwe kupulumutsa moyo wa Lermontov.

Pambuyo duel ndi Martynov omwe analamulidwa kuti walekana ndi katundu ufulu ndi demotion. Komabe, Nicholas II anaganiza kuchepetsa m'ndende chiweruzo cha atatu brig lapansi.

Pa moyo pambuyo duel ndi Martynova mukudziwa angapo. Anamwalira ali ndi zaka 60 ndipo anaikidwa m'manda mu dzina lake Ievleva.