Nikolai Ryzhkov: biography ndi zithunzi

Chitsanzo cha ntchito zandale chikhoza kutchedwa moyo wa Nikolai Ivanovich Ryzhkov. Iye adadutsa njira zonse za ntchitoyi ndipo anali ndi chithunzi cha ndale wa Soviet amene ankawoneka kuti analengedwa makamaka kuti akweze njira ya moyo wa Soviet. Koma pa nthawi yomweyo Nikolai Ivanovich anakhalabe Munthu: ndi maganizo, khalidwe, maganizo.

Banja ndi ubwana

M'banja la munthu wogwira ntchito m'migodi kuchokera kumudzi wa Dyleyevka ku dera la Donetsk, pa September 28, 1929, kuwonjezera kunachitika - mwana wamwamuna anabadwa. Choncho, pulezidenti wakubadwa Ryzhkov Nikolay Ivanovich adawonekera. Palibe chomwe chinapangitsa mbiri yayikulu yotereyi, koma cholinga cha mwanayo chidachitika.

Ubwana wa Nikolai sizinali zophweka, chifukwa panthawiyo dziko linali kudutsa nthawi zovuta: industrialization, nkhondo. Zonsezi zinamupangitsa mnyamata kukula msinkhu ndikuganiza za kupeza ntchito yothandiza. Atapita kusukulu, amapita ku koleji yamakina yopanga makina, komwe amalandira zamakono zamakono. Chikhumbo chofuna kukwaniritsa bwino ntchitoyi chimamupangitsa kuti alowe mu Urals Polytechnic Institute pamapeto a "zipangizo zamakono ndi zamakono zowonjezera zowonjezera" pamapeto a sukulu yamakono.

Ntchito yofulumira ya Soviet

Atamaliza sukulu ya sayansi, Nikolay Ryzhkov amayamba ntchito yake. Anagwirizanitsa moyo wake ndi Plant Urals Machine Building. Mu 1950, akufika ku Uralmash, kumene adzalumikiza zaka 25. Amayamba woyendetsa masewera, kenaka amasunthira msinkhu woyendetsa ntchito: mutu wa msinkhu, wogulitsa masitolo, mkulu wamakono, katswiri wamkulu, mkulu wamkulu. Muzaka 40 iye adasankhidwa kukhala mutu wa ntchito ya mgwirizano. Anthu ochepa okha amatha kufika pamtunda waukulu, ndipo izi zimatsimikizira kuti Nikolai Ryzhkov ali ndi luso lapadera.

Iye amadziwika ndi luso labwino, luso lodzipangira yekha udindo, luso lapamwamba, chilakolako cholowetsa mndondomeko yonse ya ndondomeko, yomwe amatha. M'munda wa kutulutsa zowonjezera, anali m'masiku amenewo ace weniweni; Analemba zojambula ziwiri, zolemba zambiri za sayansi. Pa nthawi yake ku Uralmashzavod, Nikolai Ryzhkov anapatsidwa kawiri kawiri mphoto ya boma: pokonzekera ndi kukhazikitsa polojekiti kuti apange malo akuluakulu ophunzitsira zipangizo zomangamanga ndi kukhazikitsa ndi kukhazikitsa zomera zowonongeka.

Mtsogoleri wa msinkhu wa boma

Mtsogoleri wogwira ntchito komanso wodalirika sakanatha kukhalabe mtsogoleri wamkulu wa bungwe lalikulu kwambiri la Soviet. Mndandanda wa malo osungirako antchito a dziko unayambitsidwa ndi Nikolai Ivanovich Ryzhkov, yemwe mbiri yake inali yopambana kwambiri, ndipo sanafunikire kukhala pa mndandanda wa olemba maulendo apamwamba kwa nthawi yaitali. Mu 1975, Nikolai Ryzhkov anasankhidwa kukhala Pulezidenti Woyamba wa Engineering and heavy engineering Engineering. Patapita zaka zinayi adakhala woyang'anira wotsogolera wamkulu wa Komiti ya State Planning Committee ya USSR. Wolemba boma Nikolai Ivanovich Ryzhkov anali wosiyana ndi kutsatira mfundo, kulingalira, kupita patsogolo. Ntchito yake, chidziwitso ndi chidziwitso chake sizinazindikiridwe pazithunzi izi.

Wolemba ndale wa nthawi ya Soviet

Mu 1982, Nikolai Ryzhkov wandale yemwe adawonekera m'dzikomo, yemwe mbiri yake imapanga mpata wotsatira ndikupita naye pamwamba. Malinga ndi miyambo ya nthawi imeneyo Ryzhkov anakhala membala wa Pulezidenti wa Chikomyunizimu mu 1956, ichi chinali chofunikira kwambiri kwa iwo amene akufuna kuchita ntchito. Mu 1981, adakhala membala wa Komiti Yaikulu ya CPSU, ndipo, monga momwe zinalili kwa Nikolai Ivanovich, ayamba kupita patsogolo pamakwerero a ntchito. Nikolai Ivanovich adati chiyambi cha Komiti Yaikulu chinali chodabwitsa kwa iye, chochitika ichi chinali chifukwa cha khalidwe labwino kwa iye Yu.V. Andropov. Nthawi yomweyo atangomaliza ntchitoyi Ryzhkov anaphatikizapo ntchito yokonzekera kusintha. Mkhalidwe wa m'dzikoli unali wovuta kwambiri, ndipo gululo, lomwe linalinso ndi MS. Gorbachev, anali kufufuza momwe zinthuzo ziliri ndi kupanga mapepala kuti akonzekere. Nikolai Ryzhkov wachabechabe, yemwe ali ndi mbiri yotsatira, akukhala mlembi wa Komiti Yaikulu ya CPSU, atasankhidwa mtsogoleri wa dipatimenti ya zachuma. Ankadziŵa bwino momwe zinthu zikuchitikira m'dzikoli, kumvetsa mavuto azachuma, angaganizire njira yeniyeni yothetsera mavuto. Mu 1985, adakhala membala wa Politburo wa CPSU Central Committee, bungwe lapamwamba kwambiri pa dziko lonselo panthawiyo.

Kubwera kwa mphamvu ya MS. Gorbachev Ryzhkov analitenga mwachidwi. Anagwirizana ndi lingaliro la kufunikira kwa kusintha, pozindikira kuti dziko likukulira kuphompho, ndipo n'kofunika kuchita chinachake. Mu 1985, Gorbachev anamusankha kukhala Pulezidenti wa Council of Ministers a USSR, Ryzhkov anakhala munthu wachiwiri m'dzikoli. Monga Pulezidenti Nikolai Ivanovich adathandizira kwambiri kuthetsa zotsatira zoopsa za ngozi ya Chernobyl ndi chivomerezi ku Spitak. Akukulitsa gawo la zachuma pa pulogalamu ya Gorbachev's perestroika. Udindo wake unali wovuta kwambiri: mbali imodzi, a ufuluwo adamuimba mlandu kuti alibe chidziwitso pokonza kusintha, komano, Chikomyunizimu pa chotupitsa chakale chidakhulupirira kuti iye anapereka zopereka zachikominisi. Kumapeto kwa December, Ryzhkov anadwala kwambiri mtima, ndipo Gorbachev anamutumizira kuti apume pantchito. Pali vesi limene Ryzhkov adanena kuti anali malo oyambirira m'dzikoli, Gorbachev ndipo adamuchotsa ku mphamvu.

Wandale wa masiku ano

Pambuyo pa ntchito yopuma pantchito, Nikolai Ryzhkov sasiya mndandanda wa zandale, koma akuthamangira Pulezidenti wa RSFSR ndikukhala munthu wachiwiri pambuyo pa Yeltsin. Mu 1995 iye anasankhidwa kukhala wotsogolera boma la Duma ndipo adzakhala ndi misonkhano itatu. Mu 2003, adakhala membala wa Federation Federation, komwe adagwira ntchito mokhazikika ku Komiti Yachilengedwe. Anagwirizana ndi ndondomeko ya Vladimir Putin, adavomerezera udindo kwa purezidenti kuti agwiritse ntchito mphamvu ku Ukraine. Mu 2014 amalandira kuchokera kwa Putin Chigamulo cha Makhalidwe kwa Bambo. Kawirikawiri, Nikolai Ivanovich ali ndi mphoto zambiri. Ali ndi malamulo 7, ndondomeko zingapo, amalandila mphoto zosiyana siyana, adapatsidwa chiyamiko ndi Pulezidenti wa Russia.

Moyo wapadera

Nikolai Ryzhkov, amene chithunzi chake sichinachoke m'masewerawa m'ma 1990, sakonda kulankhula za moyo wake. Mkazi wake Lyudmila Sergeyevna ndi mwana wamkazi Marina samapereka mafunsowo ndipo sawombera pamisonkhano. Mu nthawi zosakhalitsa zosangalatsa Ryzhkov amawerenga zambiri, amakonda nyimbo, komabe chinthu chofunika kwambiri pamoyo chimapempha kugwira ntchito.