Nsomba Kutum: malo kusodza

nsomba Kutum imatengedwa kawirikawiri ndi chakudya chokoma. Iwo kwambiri anayamikira m'mayiko monga Iran, Dagestan ndi Azerbaijan. Nsomba nyama ndi chokoma. National mbale aku Iran ndi yophika mpunga Kutum. Nsomba, zithunzi ndi anapereka m'munsimu, ndi okwanira. Mu 1997, mawonekedwe anaphatikizidwa Red Book la Chitaganya cha Russia. About zaka zisanu ndi zitatu kuchokera kutum nsomba anali koletsedwa. Zimenezi zathandizira kuti ndi kuchuluka kwa anthu a mitundu. Ichthyologists ananena kuti nyanja kutum anakhala zambiri. Izi zinachitika chifukwa cha yokumba mitundu kuswana Dagestani, Chiazebajani ndi akatswiri aku Iran.

malo

Caspian Kutum wa banja carp ndi mtundu Roach. Kodi alipidwa nsomba kutum? Mbuto ikulu ya malo ake ndi Nyanja Caspian, makamaka mbali kum'mwera kumadzulo. Kutum nsomba sukupita mamita chozama kupitirira 25, amagwira makamaka pafupi pakamwa mitsinje. Caspian Kutum ndi subspecies wa carp - wachibale wake zikuluzikulu, moyo makamaka Black ndi Azov Pacific. Mu anthu Volga a mitundu zazing'ono, chifukwa pamlingo wochepa madzi mu mtsinje.

spawning

Spawning nsomba kumpoto kwa mitsinje Kutum ili Caspian, kuphatikizapo Volga ndi Terek. Chimakhala chiyambi mazira m'madzi osaya - pa miyala ndi zomera. Spawning pa Terek mwaona pakati pa March, ndi pa Volga - kuyambira m'ma April. Juveniles moyo mwa mitsinje kwa zaka pafupifupi ziwiri. Kenako kutum amasamukira ku nyanja. Kuwafika ndi zaka za anthu anayi akhwime kugonana. Zimakwaniritsidwa awo kupita zimaswana. The zaka pazipita pa imene akulu moyo Kutum, ndi zaka 11. Pearl totupa kuwonekera mu amuna nyengo spawning - ndi epidermal tokhala. Popeza analimbikitsa umuna kwa akazi yogwira zimaswana.

kafukufuku wakapangidwe kazachilengedwe

Kutum elongated thupi, ndi mdima kumbuyo ndi kum'chitira Kamaoneka, kuwala mimba ndi mbali silvery-imvi. Akazi amakhala lalikulu kuposa amuna. A kwambiri chachikulu nsomba kutum anagwira nthawi, masekeli makilogalamu 6. Kuyambira anzake Black carp kutum mbali yaikulu mutu kukula poyerekezera ndi thupi ndi kakang'ono thupi ndi kulemera. Waukulu chakudya kutum ndi mollusks, nyongolotsi ndi tizilombo zosiyanasiyana. Izo wakudya nsomba zambiri pa malo ndi madzi desalinated nyanja. Malinga ndi thupi contours a Kutum akukumbutsa chub. Nzosadabwitsa nsomba ake amasokonezeka wasayansi Peter Sitimayo inagunda, amene anapanga woyamba Zoological kufotokoza Kutum. nsomba A si zoona mano, ndipo udzaphwanya chakudya ntchito otchedwa mano pharyngeal. Mbali chidwi kwambiri wa mawonekedwe anatomical wa Kutum ndi munthu chikhodzodzo kusambira. Mosiyana ndi nsomba zina, ndi elongated ndi tapered kumbuyo. Poyerekeza ndi carp Black, Kutum ali ndi sikelo zikuluzikulu.

Kodi kutum anagwira?

Poyamba, anthu kutum pafupifupi asanakumanepo ndi m'mitsinje wathu. Koma mu 2000s oyambirira milandu adani a nsomba ino aona. Ku Central Russia Kutum nsomba ali osowa ndi mwakamodzikamodzi kugwa kwa asodzi wathu. Choncho kukakwera kutum ankaona Kupambana kwakukulu kwa nsodzi ndi ankachita masewera. Iye anagwira izo, monga zanenedwa pamwambapa, mu Azerbaijan, Iran, Dagestan, dera komanso pa Volga, mu Nyanja ya Caspian, pa Dniester mitsinje Terek ndi Bug.

nsomba kunyanja

Kugwira kutum anachita pa spawning. Ulendowu pa nthawi ino nsomba akuyamba ku gombe la kum'mwera kwa Nyanja ya Caspian. Kupita kufanana kwa gombe, masukulu a nsomba anatumiza kumpoto kwa mitsinje loyenda m'Nyanja Caspian. Pa ndime ya njira nyanja kutum anaikira mu madera a m'mphepete mwa nyanja, koma osati mu malo osaya mchenga, koma pa malo chozama miyala. Choncho, nsomba kunyanja , mu nkhani iyi likukhalira kukhala wopambana pa gombe lamiyala. The nsomba kwambiri mulingo woyenera imatengedwa kukhala pa kum'mawa malangizo a mphepo. Ndi njira yabwino nsomba kutum ndi m'mphepete miyala ndi donk ndi cholimba kupota. Kotero chonde ya zolemera, ndi ndodo zabwino (makamaka nsungwi), ngowe ndi ukonde kwa nkhanu nsomba. Nyanja nsomba kutum anapanga kuyambira chiyambi cha February kwa May.

mtsinje nsomba

The kutum bwino kwambiri Yang'ananibe pa mtsinje m'mawa ndipo adzakhala mu maola mochedwa madzulo. Panthawi imeneyi ya tsiku nsomba atuluka kuya kudya. M'kupita kwa nsomba mwa njira iliyonse yesetsani kuswa bata, chifukwa Kutum - owonetsetsa nsomba ndi pa ngozi pang'ono kumafuna ndipo kubisala miyala. Good nyambo chifukwa mitundu amaonedwa nkhono ndi shrimp. Otsiriza aikidwa pa mbedza ndi mchira. Kutum nsomba zokodwa mu Astrakhan lero bwino kuposa kale. Mbiri owonetsera zakale mumzinda uno kufuna kwa mawonekedwe, kukula kwa amene ali masentimita 53 m'litali. Amene Adapita chirimwe pa msewu Astrakhan - Makhachkala kuona kuti njira anagulitsa zambiri zouma Kutum. Komanso, aliyense angathe kupita ku malo Astrakhan kukawedza. Koma M'pofunikanso kukumbukira kuti m'madera amenewa panthawi 20 April 20 June mukuchitika nsomba ndi oletsedwa. Kutero amaloledwa yekha mu madzi a malo nsomba, cholinga mwachindunji masewera ndi nsomba bongo.