Nyanja yaikulu Padziko Lapansi

Mpaka 1513 anthu sankadziwa chimene nyanja lalikulu. Spanish wofufuza Vasco Nunez de A Balboa woyamba mwayi mokwanila kuona thambo yaikulu madzi. Nyanja yaikulu dzina lake iwo Wamkulu. patatha zaka zisanu, mu 1520, anthu oyendetsa sitima ya Portugal Ferdinand Magellan anayenda ulendo dziko. Uyamiko kwa Iye, anadziŵa ndimeyi pa Atlantic kwa nyanja yaikulu kwambiri padziko lonse - Pacific.

Tikumbukenso kuti mpaka kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 19, pafupifupi aliyense amene wakwanitsa kukhazikika pa zilumba za ku South Pacific. Koma nyanja lalikulu linali (ndipo tsopano) wapadera njira kufunika. Ndicho chifukwa chake makamaka chinachitika kulanda zilumba ndi atsamunda okhaokha. Zifukwa njira, ndipo masiku ano limati dziko kuyesera kukhala malo awo m'dera Pacific. Choncho, America ali ndi Marianas, komanso zilumba za Hawaii ndi Palau. Russia a Kuril Islands, France - Caledonia Chatsopano, Wallis e Futuna Islands, Polynesia French. Ena m'madera amene m'manja mwa British kusanduka zapansi asilikali.

Nyanja yaikulu ya Atlantic kawiri. Pafupi ndi masamba chokhala a m'dera lake madzi agawidwa nyanja. Choncho, woyendera nthambi m'mphepete mwa nyanja ya South-East ndi Asia East anapanga Celebes Nyanja, ndipo Banda, Japan, Yellow, South China ndi South. Gombe la Kamchatka anapanga nyanja ya Okhotsk, pamwamba (kumpoto) - Bering.

Mu Pacific madzi zili akuya mu dziko apanyanja beseni. Mwachitsanzo, Mariana ali akuya mamita khumi zikwi makumi atatu ndi anayi. m'dziko limene lili nyanja lalikulu, muli zikwi zilumba anamwazikana, amene conventionally m'magulu awiri. Gulu loyamba zikuphatikizapo zilumba ndi chiyambi chiphala (Japan, Hawaii, mwachitsanzo). Small Kuril ndi Islands Aleutian anapanga kumpoto wa madzi a "zone moto". Gulu lachiwiri zikuphatikizapo miyala ndi matanthwe. Iwo zili pamodzi dziko. maonekedwe ake m'zilumba ngongole ntchito tizilombo ting'onoting'ono.

M'dera la nyanja yaikulu - pafupifupi miliyoni eyite makilomita lalikulu. Kutalika pazipita yoweyula, amene analembedwa mwalamulo, mamita atatu mphambu zinayi. Voliyumu ya madzi mu Pacific Ocean - makilomita kiyubiki oposa mazana asanu ndi awiri mphambu makumi awiri.

Tikumbukenso kuti nyama ndi zomera za m'madzi kupangika bwino. Mu makamaka amatchuka pakati pa maiko a ku Australia ndi ku Asia. Pali gawo yaikulu litadzala ndi moti matanthwe ndi nkhalango. Mu madzi osaya ndi anaikira za makumi atatu mitundu ya zomera maluwa ndi zoposa zikwi zinayi zosiyanasiyana algae. Pakati pawo pali ngakhale zimphona lenileni, amene kutalika - mazana mamita awiri.

Pakati pa mitundu zoposa zikwi ziwiri za nsomba Tingaone ndi oimira amakezana, sapezeka madzi ena. Mu Pacific madzi nthawi zambiri amapezeka zomera. Mwachitsanzo, lili ndi ngale - ndi Nsomba yaikulu. Imatha kulemera ukufika makilogalamu mazana atatu. Mungathe kukumana ndi nkhono chiphona.

Za makumi asanu peresenti ya nsomba dziko nsomba chimachititsa Pacific madzi. Mwa nsomba tisaiwale fulonda, nsomba, m'nyanja zikuluzikulu nsomba, Clupeiformes. Mu Pacific, ndi ncho invertebrates (ngale, nkhono, nkhanu), nyama (zinsomba umuna, nyanja mikango), zomera (Seaweed, mwachitsanzo). Pa pansi pa mosungiramo kwambiri anayamba madipoziti mchere. Pali ncho malata, mafuta, gasi, mkuwa, faifi tambala, cobalt, etc.

Mofanana kwambiri ndi polumikizira njira, amene amayendetsa pamodzi m'dera madzi ndi zikugwirizana zosiyanasiyana mayiko, kuphatikizapo Russia, China, Taiwan, USA, Japan, Canada ndi ena.