N'zosavuta kuti muyankhe funso ili: kodi Fascism?

Pambuyo pa nkhondo yachiwiri wamwalira pansi, mawu monga "Fascism" wakhala phindu bwino zoipa, ndipo tsopano mawu zambiri nkhanza, kotero kuitana adani ake andale ndi kupachikidwa pa zolemba zawo. Komano, chotero tanthauzo yosokoneza wa zodabwitsazi yoopsa ndithu amalola chitsitsimutso maphwando bwino-mapiko, amene Komabe, kotero musati nkumadzitcha okha, ngakhale chiphunzitso chawo chiri pafupi kwambiri Fascism kapena muli ena mfundo za mfundo imeneyi. Koma zimakhala zosavuta kufotokoza bwino zimene fascism, ndipo yang'anirani malire akuti?

Classic fascism, kuti, mu yopapatiza tanthauzo mbiri ya mawu, mu 1922, anakhala wamphamvu kwambiri Italy pambuyo wotchuka "March pa Rome" Blackshirts Benito Mussolini. Dzina "Fascism" ali mizu Italy, anachokera ku mawu akuti "Fascio» (fascio), mwachitsanzo, makampani, mabungwe. A kwakukulu ndale gulu lotsogoleredwa ndi Mussolini, ankatchedwa Union of Kulimbana (Fascio di combattimento). Fascio Zikatero, chikugwirizana ndi fascis Latin (gulu, gulu) - otchedwa aulemu chida lictors, alonda a Republic Roma. Mwa njira, fascia akadali pano mu ikuimira akuluakulu a boma m'mayiko ena (mwachitsanzo, mu chizindikiro cha Russian Federal Bailiff Service). Koma zizindikiro - chizindikiro, ndipo tsopano ankaona kuti kukhala chizindikiro cha kayendedwe ka German swastika Nazi. Koma kodi malingaliro a fascism, ndipo kodi zinthu zofunika kwambiri pa mfundo imeneyi?

Blackshirts gulu akhoza ndithudi adzatchedwa authoritarian, fuko ndi ntchito chiwawa monga mtundu yachibadwa za kulimbana ndale. Koma Mwachitsanzo, odana Semitism ndi kusankhana mitundu Fascism Italy sanakhazikike chapatsogolo mfundo zawo, monga izo zinali ndi Anazi German. Komabe, popeza achifasizimu Italy anali bwino kopitilira muyeso-bwino malangizo, magulu kumanzere kuti n'kofunika amukane ili mfundo zandale, nthawi zina kukana zinthu monyanyira ndi kuitana pamene adani ake, ngakhale mpikisano mumsasa kumanzere Mwachitsanzo, ena Chikomyunizimu lotchedwa democrat chikhalidwe "achifasizimu anthu." Chakale "anasiya" tanthauzo la zimene Fascism, pa VII Congress wa Comintern anapereka Georgi Dimitrov: '... ndi kupondereza zigawenga za mabungwe reactionary likulu ndalama ... Mu mfundo yachilendo, fascism - ndi chauvinism m'njira yovomerezeka wamwano kuti akukulitsa uterine mkwiyo pa mitundu ina ".

Komabe, tanthauzo limeneli si bwino kusiyana makhalidwe a mfundo za gululi, amene akutiletsa bwino zimaonetsa zimene Fascism. Asayansi amakono anayesa kudzaza kusiyana ili ndi mndandanda wa zinthu, pamaso amene pulogalamu kapena mfundo za chipani amalola kuzitcha izo lopondereza. Izi mwankhanza odana ndi chikominisi, kwakukulu dziko ndipo ngakhale zinthu monyanyira, nkhondo, traditionalism, leaderism, statism, ndi kutamandira "titular mtundu" poyera mchitidwe wosala m'mafuko aang'ono, zinthu za populism ndi kulengeza kuteteza anthu ambiri (Koma tchimo ili zipani zambiri). Koma mbali yaikulu ya amene adadza kwa chipani cha Nazi ku mphamvu ali ndi Ulamuliro umene uli ulamuliro okwana boma, likulowerera mu muzochitika zones za moyo wa munthu.

Komabe, ngakhale tanthauzo limeneli la Fascism limachititsa kuitana mawu otero zipani zambiri mtundu ndi ankhanza (mwachitsanzo, Taliban boma ku Afghanistan) ndipo ngakhale amasonyeza m'bwalomo mawu monga Fascism Ayuda, kuwagwiritsa kuti poyera yotsalidwa lamulo la boma la Israel.

Kumvetsa (kuthandauza) ndi zimene fascism, kumathandiza kuphunzira ngati ofanana anayambika pafupi zofanana ndi Chitaliyana mtundu chakale kuyenda ndi zomwe Mussilini anathandizana kapena amene anaika Blackshirts kayendedwe chitsanzo cha kulimbana zawo. Mu Germany, zinali National Socialism (ndi Nazism), Spain - falangizm ndi Francoism, Portugal - The boma latsopano la Hungary - "Muvi Cross", mu Romania - ndi "Iron Alonda" mu Brazil - integralism (ngakhale mfundo zake panalibe tsankho), Chibugariya, Austria, Belgium ndi Mabaibulo Japanese wa Fascism.